Apple Reference & Presentation Library 1994 September

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Format@ Itself Provide Guidance Intel Architecture There Really Powerpc Instruction Called Eieio About Dos/windows Would Someone Poweropen Instead Powerpc@ HBAM2001MAY84 System 7.5 InfoBASE v1.0:*CV CC4 5th S5th Ned 68lc040 About Acceleration Addition Advantage Allow Already Applauding Apple Apple's Application Applications Approach Architecture 3rent 8/24/94 ABOUT INFOBASE ANSWER NEW SECTION ONSCREEN PAGE PRINT HEADER PRINT ORDER PRINT PAGE QANDA CATEGORY QUESTION SECTION SECTION PRINT SECTION PRINT SECTION SECTION E PRINT SECTION E PRINT SECTION PRINT SECTION UIDE PRINT SECTION UIDE PRINT SECTION DE PRINT SECTION SECTION SECTION TRANSCRIPT ORDER TRANSCRIPT ORDER AnswerB SectionB AppleScript About InfoBASE Drag and Drop GX Graphics GX Overview GX Printing Tech GX Typography Mobility Bundle PowerTalk/Share Scriptable Finder Thread Manager Mac OS Strategy OS Comp. WP Source Doc nfoBASE About InfoBASE Party About InfoBASE Party About InfoBASE About InfoBASE Party About InfoBASE Party About InfoBASE InfoBASE Audio Print Question Category: PowerPC Find & PowerPC Find & To Q&A E Print E|To search for a particular topic, click the button above, type a keyword in the field, and hit Return. System 7.5 Q&A InfoBASE EJPrinted from the InfoBASE on System 7.5 from Worldwide Performance Systems InfoBASEB InfoBASEB Question rPC?E Customer Browse All PPC Q&A Browse All PPC Q&A Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier Insignia Interesting Isucts Promotional Recent Systems Their Which Windows Workplace Would To InfoBase Main To About InfoBASE To Q&A Main Browse All PPC Q&A View All Q&A Print All Q&A Topic Search Print Found Set Q&A Opening Print AppleScript TA Print Drag and Drop Print GX Graphics Print GX Overview Print GX Print Tech. Print GX Typography Print Mobility TA Print PowerTalk/Share Print Script. Finder Print Thread Mgr. Print OS Strategy Print Competitive WP Print Source Doc - Q&A on GX Q&A on Apple Guide Pro 2.0F! Pro 2.0 - 2.1I Main Dictionary User Dictionary InfoBASE The System 7.5 Tech Articles/Briefs were created by the WWPS group. The original documents (including graphics) are located on the June ARPLE CD.ted on the June ARPLE CD. ARPLE CD.ARPLE CD.s Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Guidance Powerful on of native programs from leading developers and excellent compatibility with existing programs. Driven by the volumes of Apple s hardware business, the Macintosh operating system will offer developers a far s tronger proposition than its competitors. The Move to Object Technologies Apple is not alone in recognizing some of the problems with computing today and the benefits to be realized from moving to an object-b About Access Accessing Accommodate Addition Amounts And/or Applelink Applescript Application Applications Article Brief Bundle Classics Competitive Component Conceptualized Contact Contents Convenience Database Development Document Either Enjoy Entire 33ffff 33ff33 3333ff 333333 Page ## EJPrinted from the InfoBASE on System 7.5 from Worldwide Performance Systems 80486 80486-based 80x86 840av 95014 Ability About Abvent but lacks the responsiveness and visual method for users to manipulate data between applications. A user survey found that speed, accessibility, and data manipulation were highest on their wish list. Drag anD d drop allows interapplication dragging as a Macintosh interface improvement that addresses speed, accessibility, and easier data manipulation. Drag and drop is an interface improvement that lets you edit docu During Dynamic E-mail Easily Editor Either Issue ins more than 50 new enhancements that allow users to work more effectively? While System 7.5 offers many enhancements that are nice to have, they don't seem to make the leaps forward that Apple needs in order to stay competitive against Microsoft. Do you have any comment on this?E Sys. SW Strategy Abacus Concepts Abvent anscript 118.8 20525 262.4 32-bit 33-megahertz System 7 Pro was intended to deliver Apple's PowerTalk and AppleScript technologies to users interested in collaborating more effectively. After System 7 Pro was introduced, customers, particularly those in tains more than 50 new enhancements that allow users to work more effectively? is recommended? ty adoption? r the future. r Poweg rform Verification process for seamless No announced way to formally application interoperability test OLE compliance COLLABORATION COLLABORATION Built-in networking No currently announced network structure Makes collaboration easier by Doesn't store multiple drafts maintaining multiple "drafts" of a document Enhancing Collaboration and Communica ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 33ffff 33ff33 ble architecture Closed architecture USER EXPERIENCE USER EXPERIENCE Supports irregularly shaped, Supports rectangular, non- overlapping content overla pping content only Multiple-object editing; multiple Single object editing components can stay active concurrently Designed for fast switching Each application boots separately among objec Users Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Optima I Times Italic Monaco AppleGaramond Bk AppleGaramond Lt AppleGaramond LtIt New York Directs Disabled Disappear Disappears Discontinuous Discretion Discussed Discussion Discussions Disk's Diskette Disparate Display Displayed Displaying Displays Dispose Disposes Disrupting Disruption Disruptions Distance Distances Intel Architecture Powerpc Better Pentium Developers Providing Support Guidance Through Title Today Today's Together Toolkit Tools Toward Without Xerox Years What is Apple Guide?E Apple GuideH Apple Guide is an electronic assistant that guides the user through specific procedures one step at a time, until the task is completed. On-screen prompts and "coachmarks" provide visual cues by circling or highlighting items.interface. System 7.5 provides superior advancements in terms of graphics, built-in support, compatibility, customized solutions and overall productivity? What is Apple Guide?E Apple Guide 3333D Excellent Future Generation Growth Macintosh Migration Motorola Offering Paths Personal Powerpc Price/performance Providing Smooth Technology Users PC users. RPowerPC has excellent future growth based on the Apple, IBM and Motorola alliance. Hardware Reference Platform Overview MainB Hardware Reference Platform Allow@ Architecture Charging@ Consolidating@ Difficult@ Help@ Manager Original Originally Other Platforms@ Power@ Product@ Scriptable Still@ Supposed@ Their@ Tuned@ Useful Will@ Maximum@ MindH Section Print Page Print Header OnScreen Page New Section Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: Press Contact 1: lowing buttons to access the... Just as the personal computer initially boosted individual productivity, today the technology is being applied to increase the productivity of groups working together. In the current competitive and fast- paced business environment, effective communications and, more specifically, effective teamwork can provide organizations with the competitive edge that can spell the difference between success and failure. Answer Audio Transcript Category Fact Sheet Fact Sheet Order Question Identifying Identities Identity Illustrate Illustrated Image Images Imagewriter Imaginary Imaging Immediate Immediately Implement Implementation Implemented Implements Implicit Imply Import Importance Important InfoBASE Holding LayoutB About InfoBASE Answer Company System Guidance Applehelp Issue allow users to generate scripts automatically in applications that support this capability. So, as the base of recordable applications grows, this segment is expected to grow, as well. The second is End Users. This segment of users may never create a script of their own. The applications they purchase may ship with scripts, someone in their department may write scripts for them, or a consultant may create a /custom interface system for them using scripts. That's 3333D Addition Powerpc Platform Brief Bring Bringing Brings Broad Broaden Broader Broadest Brought Browsing Budget Butterick Button Buttons Bytes Calendar Calendars E6View only questions concerning the following category: QuickDraw GX Apple Guide Drag and Drop Scriptable Finder Thread Manager Sys. SW Strategy AppleScript PowerTalk/Share InfoBASE View All Q&A Print All Q&A wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" Before Began Begin Beginning Begins Begun Behave Behaves Behavior Behaviors Being Belief Believe Belong Below Benchmark Beneficial ristics Check Checks Class Classes Click Clicking Close Command Commands Apple Applescript Competition Finder Guide Manager Quickdraw Scriptable Strategy Thread ndustry Influence Infocorp Information Informational Installinganufacturing Market Matter Megabytes Memory Micro-processor Microprocessor Microprocessor's Microprocessors Mid-1980s Might Minicomputers Minimizing Moved Multiple-source Necessarily Negative Number Numbers Optimal wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" References Referred Referring Refers Refine Refined Reflect Reflects Reflowing Reformatting Registry Regular Related Relation Relationship Relative Release Released Releases Releasing Relevance Relevances Relied Remaining Remains Remember Remind Remote emoving So-called Soft-ware Software Software-based Software-level Softwindows Solaris Solid Solution Solutionsoftware in custom solutions. Commercial Developers Commercial developers benefit from Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Optima Platform CAsConcerning QuickDraw GX, what is the difference between Adobe's Multiple Master fonts and Apple's intelligent font?E QuickDraw GXw GXference between Adobe's Multiple Master fonts and Apple's intelligent font?E QuickDraw GXW DA_Will my old fonts work with QuickDraw GX (this is especially important for two-byte languages)?E QuickDraw GXW Customization Customized Customizing Dal/sql Database Databases Dealers Different Display Document Documents Don't Dos/windows Driven Dropped During Easier Easily Effectively Effort Electronic Enable Encompasses Engine Enhanced Enhancements Ensure Ongoing Opendoc Opened Opens Operating Operations Opportunities Optimized Option Options Orchestrate Order Organize Original Other Paste Paved Peirce lication as the drag sender. With the availability of interapplication dragging, the drag receiver could very easily be another application. Interaction Model The user-visible elements specified by these guD idelines are motivated by a single human interface principle that provides immediate feedback at significant points during a drag-and-drop operation illustrated in the interaction model. The guidelines are orga Minimum Configuration Applescript Sameres Can I get just the Print Architecture features of QuickDraw GX without the graphics side (The answer is unfortunately, no. But I think people will ask.)?E QuickDraw QuickDraw GXHjNo. When installed, QuickDraw GX provides the full set of capabilities and cannot be installed modularly.W AA-How does QuickDraw GX differ from PostScript?E QuickDraw GXW Q&As intelligent font? DA_Will my old fonts work with QuickDraw GX (this is especially important for two-byte languages)? s OLE 2.0 takes a closed and proprietary approach, with the OLE 2.0 source code being held by Microsoft and provided only under Microsoft license. However, a goal of the OpenDoc effort will be interoperability with OLE 2.0, which will allow developers to take advantage of its broader feature set, additional support platforms, and truly open nature without sacrificing OLE support. The following table summarizes the 3333D InfoBASE on System 7.5 Data CheckB Audio Transcript Category System System-level System-wide Systems Systemwide Taligent Taligent's Tasks Technical Technological Technologies Technology Telecommunications Telephony Telescript Tells Terms Textual About InfoBASEB Print PageB Print OrderB Print HeaderB OnScreen PageB New SectionB AppleScript Tech Article About InfoBASE Drag and Drop Tech Article GX Graphics Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Typography Tech Article Mobility Bundle Tech Article PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Q&A Particular @ A Q&A Print InfoBASE )A.Does drag and drop require developer adoption?E Drag and Dropesktop (the Finder) to be saved as a Clippings file, which can be later dropped into a document. For example, a mailing address or ocompany logo can be saved as a Clippings file and dropped into any document whenever and wherever it is needed? )A.Does drag and drop require developer adoption?E Drag and Drop hole QandA Audio Transcript Shareojects 33ffff 33ff33 3333ff 333333 Applescript Applications 1AaWhat is the upgrade strategy for customers moving from System 7.1 and System 7 Pro to System 7.5?t is also delivered as a set of system extensions, but do not provide this functionality?W 1AaWhat is the upgrade strategy for customers moving from System 7.1 and System 7 Pro to System 7.5?ll deliver System 7.5 to individual users either on high-density floppy disks or on CD-ROM. Multiple-user sites can either purchase a multi-user kit or volume license the software? as been testing 3rd party software at developer conferences throughout the world, as well as in our own labs. After testing over a thousand packages, we are confident that compatibility will be excellent. 68lc040 Emulation Expec Powerpc Macintosh Really Times Faster There Special Tuning Operating System Required Technical Technical Issue View All Q&A Print All Q&A ew Section Print All Q&A Customer Customer Issue Guidance Applehelp Issue Issue Quadra Server Based Powerpc About Dos/windows Taligent Working Powerpc Which Operating System Powerpc System Power Would Someone Poweropen Instead Powerpc System Software Issue Costs Could Create Created Creating Creation Cross-application Cross-platform Current Currently Custom Customer Customers >AkWhy is Apple now charging for its operating system? Didn't it used to come free with the hardware platform?E Sys. SW StrategyH While Apple offered system software to its users at no or low cost when the Macintosh was first introduced, Apple has charged for system software since the introduction of System 7 in 1991.W ?ATWhat is the RAM footprint of QuickDraw GX (Both when inactive and when being used.)?E QuickDraw GXW Itedo Software Knowledge Revolution !Language Engineering Corporation Macro Educational Systems VAkWhat are the benefits of the Scriptable Finder and do I need scriptable applications to do anything useful?E Scriptable FinderpW VAkWhat are the benefits of the Scriptable Finder and do I need scriptable applications to do anything useful?E Scriptable FindernderW WA>Are all finder commands scriptable with the Scriptable Finder?E Scriptable FinderW What is the Thread Manager?E Thread ManagerW YA1What is the benefit of having the Thread Manager? Macintosh Macintoshs Macro Macros Majority Makes Making Manipulate Manuals Manufacturers Matching Mbytes Mechanism Medium Megabytes Memory Messaging Microsoft Microsoft's Middle Minimum Mobile Modest Monolithic Moved Moving Alone Following Simple@ Affect@ Business@ Characteristics@ Click@ Control@ Developers Direction@ Enabling@ Have@ Intel Maclinkplus/easy@ Once@ Potential Revolutionizes@ Settings Subroutines@ Total@ Powerbook@ Applescript@ Configurations@ Currently@ Following@ qL33`q E3Click Here to Print the SSW Competitive White Paper Components MainB InfoBASE Providing Support Guidance Powerpc Platform Addition Powerpc Platform Selecting Selection Selections Selectors Selects Semantic Sender Sending Sends Sense Sensitive Separate Separately Sequence Sequences Sequential Sequentially Series Serifs Serious Serve Addition Powerpc Platform Expertise Expressly Extremely Family Faster AOHow does System 7.5 fit in with Apple's overall software strategy and Taligent?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share hnology (first introduced with System 7 Pro) part of a mainstream OS release? AOHow does System 7.5 fit in with Apple's overall software strategy and Taligent?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share Development 68000 68020 680x0 7.1.2 Expressly Extremely Family Faster remost ion of application complexity Diminished cost and risk of software development. The OpenDoc architecture. OpenDoc is a compound document architecture championed by Apple and other leading industry vendors. Specifically, Apple is combining its expertise in user-interface technology with WordPerfect s competence in document-centric computing and Novell s skills in collaborative systems to define and implement the O Print MasterB Press Contact 2: Print MasterB rs will simply be unsure which operating system to choose. Conclusion The Macintosh operating system should become the leading operating system for next-generation personal computers based on PowerPC RISC mic roprocessors. Because Apple took a fundamentally different approach to moving to RISC than did other companies, Apple can provide what customers want: a mature, easy-to-use operating system with a broad selecti Commercial Committed Communications ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 with developers to organize events and objects into event suites. Event suites provide a standard way to do a set of tasks for a variety of application categories. Suites have already been defined for text proy cessing, page layout, personal interactive communications, spreadsheets, and databases. Just as the commands Copy and Paste mean the same things across applications, so too will scripting commands such as AppleScript Tech Article ystem Supposed to the language used within Visual Basic for controlling off-the-shelf applications. Because the OSA and Apple events were designed with the idea of AppleScript in mind, scripting with AppleScript is more flexible and natural than with language in Visual Basic. In comparison with AppleScript scripts, scripts written in Visual Basic tend to be much more complex and difficult to read and write. A.How does AppleScript compare to Microsoft OLE?E AppleScript Competition e properties of the previous interaction model by providing a richer set of dragged items and useful destinations. It supports an enhanced application of drag and drop. It should be noted that the source wiP ndow remains in the foreground after the text has been dropped in the destination window. Also, the dragged text remains highlighted throughout the operation. This drag operation is a copy function between t Could Course CreateEasy Guidance Applehelp Issue Issue Q&A on Drag/Drop Q&A on Script. Finder Q&A on Thread Manager Q&A on AppleScript Q&A on PowerTalk/Share Q&A on SSW Strategy Q&A on Competition Goto OS Strategy OnScreen Goto SSW Compet. WP Goto Applescript TA Onscreen Goto Drag/Drop TA Goto Mob. Bundle TA Goto PowerT/S TA Goto Script. Finder TB Goto GX Graphics TA Goto GX Overview TA Goto GX Print Tech TA Goto GX Typo TA Goto Thread Mgr. TB Goto About InfoBASE Go to previous Thread Manager Tech Brief About Infobase Applescript Graphics Overview Printing Typography Strategy Mobility Bundle Scriptable Finder Thread Manager Apple Guide Applescript Applescript Competition Competition Quickdraw Quickdraw Quickdraw Scriptable Finder Scriptable Finder Applescript 1/6/1 408/974-4897 660av 68030 68040 68040-based 68040s 680x0 680x0-based 68lc040 80-bit 80486 840av at the developer and user levels. Drag and Drop Overview Dragging is a skill every Macintosh user uses to varying degrees. It is a quick and simple alternative to text line commands a way of performing commR on operations such as moving or deleting files. This use of dragging gives you a sense of control because you can manipulate objects directly with excellent visual feedback. This method is faster and more intS7uitive than commands because it s not hidden in a menu. key differences in approach between OpenDoc and OLE 2.0. Object Architectures Apple OpenDoc Microsoft OLE 2.0 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE Open standard, multivendor effort Proprietary, single-vendor effort, no announced UNIX or OS/2 support Source code available Source code not available Extensible, scala ~TT*TT~ * T*T**$ ~*$0N0N** echnical Technical Issue With-stream Within k computing and streamline support. Routine suppor Q&A MainB Question Category Answer Whole QandA Audio Transcript Off-the-shelf Offered Offering Offers Often On-screen Significant Since Software Solutions Specific Standard Steps es of applications; they are under constant competitive pressure to add more features to their products. The result is paradoxical: As applications become more powerful in terms of features, they also become mo re difficult to learn and use and hence less useful to people. In addition, they require more time and effort to develop, enhance, and maintain. Compound Document Architectures Compound document architectures Result Resulted Resulting Results Resume Retail Retain Retaining Retrieval Retrieve Return Returned Reuse Revenue Reversed Reversing Review Revise Revised Revolution Revolutionary Revolutionizeslications become compone A.How does Apple Guide differ from Balloon Help?E Apple Guidepecific procedures one step at a time, until the task is completed. On-screen prompts and "coachmarks" provide visual cues by circling or highlighting items? A.How does Apple Guide differ from Balloon Help?E Apple Guide Following Fonts Foreground Formats Forms Forthcoming Found Foundation Foundries Four-pronged French Front-ends Frontmost Generated Generates Generating Generation To InfoBase Main To Q&A Main Print Resource Guide To Consumer WP Onscreen To Consumer WP Onscreen "AbWill Balloon Help still be included in the operating system or will it be replaced by Apple Guide?stitutions that want to deliver specific help to users can create their own Guides? "AbWill Balloon Help still be included in the operating system or will it be replaced by Apple Guide?Help will continue to be included with System 7.5? #A4Will Apple Guide run on System 6, 7, 7.1 or 7.1 Pro?E Apple GuideH7Today, Apple Guide is designed to work with System 7.5? 3333ff 333333 White Paper White Paper White Paper Resolution Imagine About InfoBASE Data Check Print Master On-Screen Master Overview Main Strategy Main Competition Main Components Main About InfoBASE Intended Technologies Resolution-independe tment Concurrent Innovation Integrate Management Opened Protocol/internet Replaced Running Supporting Twelve Approve Beneficial Catalog/directory Collaboratively Completed Context-sensitive Conversion Cycle Difficult Emerge Expanding Found Hewlett-packard Important Integrating Interoperable rsion have emerged as the answer to these issues, by reducing the complexity and increasing the flexibility of software for both end users and developers. They offer an evolutionary approach to restructuring software into independent modules, or parts, which can be flexibly combined in a variety of ways. The result is an entirely different way of both using and writing personal computer software one that offers a number Example@ Performance@ Systems Access@ Accomplish Actively Adapts@ Added@ Addresses Advanced Assumptions@ Automatically Availability@ Back@ Became@ Because@ Benefit@ Bottoms Brief@ Build@ Built Call@ Case@ Position Positional Positioned Positioning Positions Positive Possibilities Possibility Possible Possibly Postings Postpone Principle Print Printer Printing Private Problem Problems Procedural Proceed Process Processing Processor sers@ Users@ Able@ Additionally Announced@ Application Current FirstY Forward Hardware@ HoweverP ImportantI Instead@ Kinds\ LineI A4Why System 7.5, instead of System 7.2 or System 8.0?E Sys. SW Strategy Apple sees System 7.5 as a significant OS release, with compatibility with existing applications as a key goal. Customers have told us that they view an even-numbered release (such as 8.0) as requiring a major A4Why System 7.5, instead of System 7.2 or System 8.0?E Sys. SW Strategy Question Category: Information Initially Initiative Install Installation Installed Installing Instance Instead Institutional Institutions Integral Integrate Interfaces Introduced Introduction Issue Items Itself Language Hypercard Implemented Important Inactive Include Included Installed Instead Integrate Intelligent ntelligent igent igent Multiple Needed Needs This release is the first proof point of Apple's four-pronged strategy of moving from CISC to RISC, networks to collaborative computing, monolithic applications to components and passive to active assistance. CB omponents of System 7.5 such as QuickDraw GX have been optimized to take advantage of Power Macintosh. PowerTalk, built in TCP and telephony support are steps towards collaborative computing. Taligent is crea Coachmarks Collaborating Collaboration Collaborative Collection Color Combination Comes Commands Comments Commercial Common Commonly Communicate Companies Company Compare Compared Compares Competition MainB Q&All make QuickDraw G available to developers to ship with their products as well as included in System 7.5?W Q&A are the system requirements for running QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GX Currently we expect QuickDraw GX to require System 7.1 or greater, an additional 2 Mbytes of RAM to accommodate it during peak processing periods (such as extensive background printing while providing Uapplication support in the foreground) and a 68020 or greater processor or Power Mac? ased applications framework. Two major problems can be addressed through the use of object-based technologies: the difficulty today of creating documents with varying media and the increasing complexity of appl ications. Compound documents. Ten years ago, most of what people did with computers centered around text and numbers. The graphical nature of the Macintosh computer brought a new emphasis to working with graph A Q&A PrintB wo applications without the use of the Clipboard. A clipping file is created by dragging a piece of data from the active window. Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop is the movement or copying of text from the Optimizing@ Place@ Presentation@ Process Balloon Based Basic Because Become Broader Build Building Built Built-in Business Businesses Can't Capabilities Cd-rom Charged Check Choose Chose Circling Click Clippings Closer Coachmarks Access Accessibility Accessible Accessing Accessories Accidental Acclaimed Accommodate Accompanied Accomplish Acius Across Action Actions Active Activities Actual Actually Adapt Add-on wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" Powertalk/share Strategy System Isn't Quicktime Release System There Versions Operating System Relea@ Isn't System Really Release Integrate Distribut@ Apple Guide Differ Balloon Apple Guide Opendoc Apple Releasing System Compete Microsoft's KAdHow does QuickDraw GX handle Adobe Type 1 fonts and do you still need the ATM extensions from Adobe?E QuickDraw GXH QuickDraw GX has built-in support for TrueType, Type 1 and future GX fonts in both formats. You will need the ATM GX extension to work with Type 1 fonts under QuickDraw GX. ATM GX is installed with QuickDraw GX.W Q&And will it be transparent to existing applications?E QuickDraw GXW NA7Can you install just the printing part of QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GXW About InfoBASEB Strategy MainB ion MainB Answer QandA Category Question Resource Guide Print Resource Guide Print Resource Guide Print Resource Guide Print Answer Audio Transcript Category Fact Sheet Fact Sheet Order Question pPreserves President Processor Products Provide Provided Provides Purchase Quadra Released Renowned Represents Retain Revised Withe Running Runtime Saved Scale Scheduleeule $Graphisoft Software Development Graphsoft Great Plains Software Gryphon Software Corporation Resolution A QuestionsB Higher Education PowerPC Q&A Sys. SW Strategy System 7.5 Q&A About InfoBASE Competition Overview Components Welcome to the InfoBASE on System 7.5! The InfoBASE includes a robust Q&A as well as the contents of many resources that are available for System 7.5. These include Tech Articles or other documents on AppleSc PowerTalk/Share PowerTalk/Share A emulation Find Application Issues Application Issue Application Issuesued Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Custom Applications Application ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 Guidance Applehelp Issue Technical wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" of significant benefits. For users, compound document architectures offer the following: Easy creation of compound documents Editing in place Powerful document management capabilities Cross-platf orm support Consistency of operation Uniformity of interface Scalability Plug-and-play solutions For developers, compound document architectures enable: Faster, more efficient development Reduct Application Emulation Apple's Powerpc Approach Different Other Vendors@ Intel Architecture 3333ff 333333 ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 33ffff 33ff33 Compaq Build Powerpc Machines Topic Search Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde dcements Especially Existing Expect Extension Extensions Extensive Features Files Finder First Fonts Footprint Forward Going Graphics Guide Guides fAFBy removing the Thread Manager extension, how much RAM space is saved?E Thread ManagerH\The Thread Manager s system extension is 33K and occupies from 12 to 24K in the System heap.W What is AppleScript?E AppleScript AppleScript is an easy-to-use scripting language that is as consistent across applications as the Macintosh graphical interface itself. Building on the extensible foundation of System 7, AppleScript is A=How do I briefly explain and position Macintosh with PowerPC?E(Customer Customer Concern Customer Issue Customer ustomer Addition Powerpc Platform Which Developers Adopting Technology System Quickdraw Differ Postscript Benefits Threads Thread Manager Search Q&A slonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Print All Q&A Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Currently Customers Database Print Found Set Q&A Helvetica Geneva BI Times BoldItalic B Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino Opendoc Operating Original 0ginal 0inal 0ginal 0draw Quicktime Really Release Replaced Require Requirements Running Scriptable Shareware Software Still Strategy Supporting System Taligent Technologies Technology Comparison Compatibility Compatible Complementary Complete Completed Completely Complex Component Components Compound Computers Computing Concurrent Concurrently Conditional Conditions Conjunction Connection Connections Consider Consistent Control Controlled Controlling Converted InfoBASE E2Click Here To Print the System 7.5 Source Document The System 7.5 Source Document is a fairly comprehensive overview (similar to a White Paper) that was created by System Software Marketing. The length of the Source Document exceeds the maximum allowable cha Simple Stacks Strategy@ System Taligent's Three Through Towards@ View@ 7.1.2 8.1.1 Adobe Adobe's Adopting Adoption Advantage Against Already Answer Apple Apple's Applescript Applications April Architecture" After Apple Apple's Applescript Available Broader Business Collaborating Customers Deliver Effectively Institutional IntegratingApple's Applescript Available Broader Business Collaborating Customers Deliver Effectively Institutional Integrating Intended Interested Introduced Macintosh Makes Particularly Powertalk Preference Previously Range Release Settings Single Stated Supporting System Technologies Those Users Xerox es System 7.5 as a significant OS release, with compatibility with existing applications as a key goal. Customers have told us that they view an even-numbered release (such as 8.0) as requiring a major effort to ensure compatibility with their existing applications. Since we expect this not to be an issue with this release, we chose the number 7.5 to make users feel the release will be more accessible? Visual ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 33ffff 33ff33 ously ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 What is System 7.5?he world s best-selling word processor, WordPerfect, as well as WordPerfect Works, an integrated program, and WordPerfect Office, an integrated cross-platform electronic mail, personal calendaring and group scheduling program. WordPerfect Corporation has announced its plans to take full advantage of the power and performance of Macintosh with PowerPC with a future version of WordPerfect. ]1Dan Cook, WordPerfect Corporation, (801) 228-5014 What is System 7.5? About Applescript Bundle Finder Graphics Approach April Arabic Architecture Areas Arrangements Array Assistance Assistant Attachable Attention Attributing August Authoring Authors Automate Automatic Automatically Automating Automation in separate applications or editors, demanding a labor-intensive series of actions to move data from each creator application to the final document. This lengthy and cumbersome process tends to be error-prone a nd frustrating and, consequently, time-consuming. Application complexity. In recent years, developers have found that the demands of the marketplace encourage an ever-increasing complexity in successive releas Adoption Advanced Advances Advantage m. Apple s stated intent is to make OpenDoc technology not only cross-platform but also truly open with both systems vendors and independent software vendors able to obtain the source code easily. OpenDoc adv antages include a superior user interface, a simple development model, multiplatform support, and network readiness. The competition. In contrast to OpenDoc, the other major effort along these lines Microsoft Mobility Printing@ Strategy@ urce@ Assumes@ Constitutes@ itutes@ Constitutes@ Cupertino@ ertino@ Either@ Cupertino@ Cupertino@ itutes@ utes@ Higher Indirectly@ Metric@ Non-apple@ Performance@ Promise@ Requirement@ Significantly@ State-of-the-art@ This@ Users@ Requires Requiring Reside Resolution-independe Resource Respond Restart Results Retail Retrieve Roman Routine Routine Revolutionizes Robust@ Running Save@ Saving@ Scaler@ Script Scripts Second@ Seen@ Selecting@ Server@ Servers Settings quld@ Shows Simplified Simply Situation@ Solutions Specific Specifies Specifying Speech-recognition@ Spreadsheets@ Statement@ Static@ Stops@ Storage Strategies@ Style Styling@ ics on the computer, because the graphics-based user interface allowed easy manipulation, editing, and integration of words and images. Today, however, many computer users engage in the creation of compound do cuments documents with parts containing various media, such as text, tables, movies, sound, and graphics in a variety of file formats. Currently, each medium requires users to work in different ways, and often `3L33 Release This Q&A contains the most frequently asked questions concerning System 7.5. They have been divided into 8 categories. You may view or print all of the Q&A, the Q&A for a single category, or you may seBSarch for a particular question/answer that you need. Select from the following: Search for Particular Topic you need.. Select from the following: iled, there are three ways to run it: To run a script in the Script Editor, simply click the Run button in the Script Editor window. To run a script on the desktop, either double-click the script applicatk ion icon or drop a file onto it. To trigger a script in an AppleScript-aware commercial application, simply perform an action to which a script has been attached. A database application, for instance, migh AppleScript Tech Article Customers Obtain Quickdraw 'ABWhich companies are supporting QuickDraw GX in their applications?E QuickDraw GX More than 250 developers such as Xerox, Pixar and Peirce Software are currently planning to support QuickDraw GX and to incorporate it into their applications. Other companies supporting QuickDraw GX include foBMnt foundries, printer manufacturers and host producing graphics applications. (A What is Macintosh Drag and Drop?E Drag and Drop and the combination of them does nothing to strengthen the proposition. Workplace OS, a new operating system under development at IBM, promises to host multiple operating system personalities, such as OS/2 and Taligent. However, these choices fall short on several of the criteria for a successful operating system (native applications, efficient operation, and ease of use). And AIX and Solaris, the two UNIX operat nication Communications Companies Company penDoc technology. In addition, a number of other system and software vendors have helped shape the OpenDoc specifications, and many are expected to support OpenDoc in their products and to assist in implementi ng OpenDoc on their platforms. The OpenDoc coalition is working closely with recognized industry associations such as the Object Management Group (OMG), the Open Software Foundation (OSF), and the X Consortiu Balloon Help provides basic "what is this feature" information. Apple Guide leaps beyond this type of help system by providing interactive built-in assistance to answer questions like how do I... why can't I...? Q&A"Who will benefit from Apple Guide?E Apple Guide Apple believes that the majority of its customers will benefit from Apple Guide. For example, users who don't have the benefit of a support desk will now have access to an electronic assistant; mobile users Achieve@ Announcements Apple Applications Approach Architecture Automation Balloon Been@ Between Channels@ Coachmarks Compares Consistent Costs@ Customization@ Decade@ Designed@ Developer Developers Directly@ Editor@ Either Even-numbered@ Expertise@ Following@ streamline support demands, and reduce custom solution development costs. End users will find that AppleScript simplifies their work by automating routine and/or highly complex tasks, as well as making use of 5the flexible custom solutions developed by scripters. How does AppleScript work?E AppleScript ystem <Will Fonts Quickdraw Especially A<Will System Offered Other Platforms Beside Acting Actions Active Added Adding Addition Additional Additions Address Administration Adobe Adobe-supplied Adopted Adoption Advanced Advantagbe Advantage After Against Aladdin Aldus Allow Allowing Allows Almost Almost lmost PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Goto Script. Finder TB Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Goto GX Graphics TA GX Graphics Tech Article Goto GX Overview TA GX Overview Tech Article GX Graphics Tech Article Providing Public Published Publishing Purchase Purchasing Purpose Puzzle Quark Questions Quickdraw Quickly Quicktime Range Realize Reason Recently Recognition Recognize Recommended Record Recordable Recorder Recording Records Reduce Reduce letep nsulting Opened Laserwriter rkgroup ofessional Eieio About Dos/windows Would Someone Poweropen Instead Powerpc@ "System Software Competitive Issue Sharing Powerpc There Multitasking Protected Memory Operating About Dos/windows Expertise Exploring Expression Extend Extensible Extension Extensions Extensive Facespan Facility Factors Favorite Feature Features Field Final Finder First Flexible Floppy Folder Really Release Integrate Distribut Charged Check Chinese Choose Chooser Chose Circling Claris Click Clippings Closer Coachmarkss ><Aren't Capabilities Opendoc Strategy Similar Tell@ Contents@ High-volume Tremendous Risc-based@ Juggernaut Purchase@ Dvorak Test@ Costly@ Published 80x86@ Information@ Research Azimuth@ Particular@ Others Outline Outlines Output Overall Overlap Overview Particularly Parts Party Passed Passive Paste Paved Peirce 'Peirce Important In-house Includ Include Included Includes Including Incoming Incorporate Incorporating Increases Individual Industry Information seamless solution. As the Macintosh has continued to evolve, Apple has sought ways to enhance the flexibility of the system to meet individual needs. Toward that end, Apple has developed AppleScript, a powerG ful and sophisticated scripting system. AppleScript delivers several key benefits: Allows you to tailor applications and desktops to meet your needs more precisely. Streamlines and revolutionizes the wo AppleScript Tech Article System Removing Thread Manager Extension Space Strategy Achieve@ Announcements Apple Applications Approach Architecture Automation Balloon Been@ Between Channels@ Coachmarks Compares Consistent Costs@ Customization@ Decade@ Designed@ Developer Developers Directly@ Editor@ Either Even-numbered@ Expertise@ Following@ Mailing Mainstream Major Majority Maker Makes Making Manufacturers Market Matching Mbytes Mechanism Medium Megabytes Memory Messaging Microsoft Microsoft's Middle Minimum Mobile Modest Monolithic Moved Moving About InfoBASEB Introduced Introduction Intuitive Invested Investigating Invoke Invoked Items Itself January Japanese Kanjii Kinds Known Knows Language Windows Within Without Wordperfect Worked Workflow Works Worldscript Would Write Writers Writing Written Xerox You'll designed to meet a wide range of user needs and levels of expertise. By implementing our scripting system at the system software level, Apple is making scripting an integral part of the Macintosh computing environment. iA)What are the key features of AppleScript?following is an overview of key AppleScript features: COMMON CROSS-APPLICATION SCRIPTING: AppleScript adds macro capabilities to all scriptable applications and a single script can integrate multiple 1440k 150-page 68000 68020 680x0 7.1.2 Strategy Achieve@ Alone@ Announcements Apple Applications Approach Architecture Automation Balloon Been@ Between Charged@ Coachmarks Compares Consistent Costs@ Customization@ Decade@ Designed@ Developer Developers Directly@ Editor@ Either Even-numbered@ Expertise@ Following@ t messaging system, AppleScript provides a single script language that can be extended to meet the needs of any application. Developers benefit because AppleScript can: Increase the value of their productQ s. The availability of a widespread scripting language in a commercial product increases its ability to adapt to specialized market niches. Simplify localization. AppleScript is a universal scripting langua AppleScript Tech Article script +ACAren t the capabilities of Drag and Drop what OpenDoc has promised?E Drag and Drop OpenDoc is an open standard architecture for compound document computing. It will allow you to edit work and different types of data in one document without needing to switch applications and copy data as you ompound document computing. It will allow you to edit work and different types of data in one document without needing to switch applications and copy data as you *A8How does Drag and Drop compare with Microsoft's OLE 2.0?E Drag and Drop Competition Macintosh Drag and Drop provides drag and drop software services similar to Microsoft's proprietary OLE 2.0, but is significantly easier to implement, much easier to support, requires less memory and is more cB ompatible with Macintosh System Software. In addition, it provides a stepping stone toward implementing the forthcoming OpenDoc open standard technologies. eA5How can customers get the AppleGuide authoring tools?E Apple GuideHNGuide Maker will be available as a software developers kit (SDK) through APDA.W Q&As kit (SDK) through APDA.W Q&Aager extension, how much RAM space is saved?E Thread Manager What is AppleScript? AppleScript is an easy-to-use scripting language that is as consistent across applications as the Macintosh graphical interface itself. Building on the extensible foundation of System 7, AppleScript is A!Does AppleScript use WorldScript?E AppleScript WorldScript provides system-level support for non-Roman languages such as Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, and Thai. When the Japanese Language Module is available, WorldScript will allow users to display Japanese :AppleScript scripts on a Roman version of system software. Script` Today's macro languages allow for customization within an application. AppleScript works across applications, acting as the glue that binds multiple applications together. This allows the creation of custom ?solutions that use multiple application programs as components. vAMWill AppleScript be compatible with existing macro languages in applications?E AppleScript System 7.5 includes a native version of QuickDraw GX, as well as tuned versions of QuickTime, Macintosh Easy Open and AppleScript.tional developer names available? ts have been added included tools like Apple Guide, QuickDraw GX and PowerTalk Following Fully@ Guide@ Important Information Integrate Into@ Language Launch Macintosh Mailing@ Making Microsoft Multi-user@ Newtonscript Others@ Peirce Played@ Printer@ Providing Reduced@ Requires@ Schedule Seen@ Through Towards@ View@ Apple Apple's Applescript Application Application's Applications Reduced Refer Registry Regular Relate Release Released Releases Releasing Renamed Reordered Repeat Repeating Replaced Request Requested Require Required uired equired ution-independe Respond Restart Restrict Results Retail Retailers Retrieve Right Robust Routine ns to deliver QuickTime 2.0 first to developers and then to the general public. The System 7.5 delivery schedule does not include QuickTime 2.0?W .AdWhy isn't Apple including protected memory with System 7.5 when Microsoft is offering it in Chicago?em 7.5 includes features that customers have told Apple they would like to see in system software. More than 50 new enhancements have been added included tools like Apple Guide, QuickDraw GX and PowerTalk Their Themselves There These They'd Think Third Third-party Those Though Thread Threads Three Manager Master Metaphor Microsoft Microsoft's Moving Multiple Native Needed Newtonscript Taligent's Tasks Technologies Technology Telecommunications Telephony Telescript Tells Textual AppleScript statements are generated in the Script Editor. LANGUAGE EXTENSION MECHANISM: Scripting Extensions extend the set of AppleScript language commands. This mechanism is similar to the HyperCard XCMD mechanism. IMPLEMENTED AS SYSTEM SOFTWARE: By delivering AppleScript at the system software level, Apple is making scripting an integral part of the Macintosh computing environment. OPEN SCRIPTING Achieve@ Announcements Apple Applications Approach Architecture Automation Balloon Been@ Between Channels@ Coachmarks Compares Consistent Costs@ Customization@ Decade@ Designed@ Developer Developers Directly@ Editor@ Either Even-numbered@ Expertise@ Following@ Editor Effect Effectively Effort Efforts Either ><What Compatibility Level Between Existing Techno Originally Other Power Product Promised Protected Purchased Quickdraw Quicktime Really Reason Release Releasing Replaced Require Requirements Running Sales Scriptable Shareware Shipped Shipping Shrinking Slipped Software Still Stragegy Strategy Supporting Compatibility Checker System What is the strategy for customers who have just purchased a Macintosh or a copy of System 7.1 or System 7 Pro and want to upgrade to System 7.5?E Sys. SW StrategyH In the US, Apple will provide customers who purchase Macintosh systems, System 7.1 or System 7 Pro within a specific time period with the option of purchasing System 7.5 at a reduced cost. Details of this program will be provided at a later date.e releasing System 7.5 to compete with Microsoft's Chicago operating system? Designed Desired Desktop Destination Detailed Details Developed Developer Dialect Dialects Different Directs Disks Display Document Documents Don't Dos/windows Driven Dropped During Easier Easily Easy-to-use Edited Editing Callable Called Can't Cannot Capabilities Capability Categories Category Cd-rom Chang Change Changes Consistent Consistently Consultant Consultants Contain Contains Content Context Continue Continues Control Controllable Controlled Controlling Converted Cooperative Users have invested time and money in existing macro languages. Application developers have to consider the trade-off between compatibility with past technology and a transition to new technology. At a minimum level of compatibility, application developers can allow existing macros to be invoked by AppleScript using the "Do Script" Apple event. Achieve Across -network Active Added Addition Additional Address Administration Adopted Adoption Advance Advanced Advancements Advances Advantage After Against Aimed Aladdin Aldus Allow Allowing Allows Almost Already default AppleScript syntax can be replaced with alternative dialects. Initially, Apple will release a Japanese dialect of AppleScript and will release more dialects, such as French, in the future. The user can choose the dialect in which they'd like to view a script; the scripts are interchangeable. SCRIPT EDITOR UTILITY: AppleScript is delivered with a simple script generation and editing facility known as Thread Threads Through Today Together Tools Transparent arent nsparent sparent Which While Without Write yA$Are AppleScript scripts localizable?E AppleScript Another important differentiating feature of AppleScript is its localizability. With AppleScript, a script written in English will automatically open up in the default language on whatever system it is played. tten in English will automatically open up in the default language on whatever system it is played. Directly Directs Disks Display Docker Document Documentation Documents Don't Dos/windows Downloads Driven Drivers Dropped During Easier Easily Easy-to-use Edited Editing Sys. SW StrategyHnApple is currently exploring options to license its technology, but has no announcements to make at this time.W That's Themselves There These They'd Third Third-party Those Though Three `A`Are there any additional Toolbox routines that have been ported to native PowerPC in System 7.5?E Sys. SW StrategyW `en ported to native PowerPC in System 7.5?E Sys. SW StrategyW `data structure of the Threads Package.W Q&Ahread Manager?E Thread Manager ^A(When is the Finder going to get updated?E Sys. SW Strategy _A`Are there any additional Toolbox routines that have been ported to native PowerPC in System 7.5?E Sys. SW Strategy `7.5? A#Does Microsoft support AppleScript?E AppleScript Competition system-level scripting language for the Macintosh built on top of Apple events. However, the AppleScript syntax is easier to read and use than the Frontier syntax; AppleScript offers replaceable dialects; and it more strictly supports the OSA. Because Frontier is based on the OSA, Frontier scripts can exist side-by-side with AppleScript scripts. A#Does Microsoft support AppleScript?E AppleScript Competition GX Typography Tech Article Goto Thread Mgr. TB Thread Manager Tech Brief Goto About InfoBASE Go to previous >0e#Macintosh Operating System Strategy SA8Where do the custom Apple Guide databases get installed?E Apple GuideHOApple Guide databases reside in the Extensions folder within the System Folder.W What is the compatibility with the drag and drop used in the Apple File Assistant (It is my understanding File Assistant used the Drag and Drop manager from Capone. However, that was many months ago, and I am am ALWhat does AppleScript have to do with ScriptX, NewtonScript, and TeleScript?E AppleScript AppleScript is general purpose scripting solution. Other scripting environments are complementary to AppleScript and address more specific needs. These languages address different needs, but are similar in Originally Heard System Supposed :What System Requirements Running Quickdraw <While System Offers Enhancements 6Will There Compatibility Checker System Power Poweropen Previous Print Printing Problems Problems Quicktime Really Reason Release Releasing Replaced Require Requirements Running Sales Scriptable Shareware Shipped Shipping Shrinking Since Slipped Software 9A=Has System 7.5 been tuned to take advantage of the Power Mac?E Sys. SW Strategy Which Applications Support Applescript Customers Applescript Should Applescript Finder Scripting Software Applescript Compatible Existing Macro Languages Manager Thread Manager Thread Manager Applescript Scripts Easily Readable Applescript Scripts Localizable the ScriptX language itself. TeleScript is a special-purpose scripting language for mobile telecommunications. Think of it as a souped-up CCL language that accommodates the special needs of mobile computing. Most often, TeleScript will be produced by system software and device drivers in Newton and PowerBook computers; only programmers who are writing mobile telecommunications applications or services would need Newtonscript Newtonscripts Next-generation Non-roman Nothing Nouns Number Object Object-oriented Objects Occupies =ACWill System 7.5 be offered on other platforms beside the Macintosh?r QuickDraw GX are installed, a minimum of 8 MB of RAM is recommended. For Power Macintosh systems, a minimum of 8 MB of RAM is _required; if PowerTalk or QuickDraw GX are installed, a minimum of 16 MB of RAM is recommended? =ACWill System 7.5 be offered on other platforms beside the Macintosh? currently exploring options to license its technology, but has no announcements to make at this time? protocols and datalink layers, and if it makes sense and becomes a mainstream standard at some point then maybe we ll incorpO orate it into the product. But there are ATM cards in development for NuBus, and I ve read of ATM and fast Ethernet cards for PCI bus as well. POWEROPEN SEAN: Rich, harkening back to the original alliance b intosh Market Mathematica Helping High-density Highlighting Highly However Human Hypercard Hypertalk Imaging Implement Implemented Implementing Important Including Incorporate Incorporating Individual Industry Information Integrate Integrated Integrates Integrating Integration Integrator Integrators Intended Intends Interact Interactive Interapplication Interchangeable Interested Interesting Interface Interfaces Interval Issue Items Itself Japanese Known Language PowerTalk and AppleScript, as well as a number of productivity enhancements, System 7.5 offers functionality that is uniquely available on the Macintosh platform. Automation Available Background BalloonH Between Beyond Binds Bring Broader Build Builder Building Built Built-in Bundled Business Businesses Buyers Can't Canvas Capabilities Capability Capture Catalogs Categories Category Cd-rom System 7.5 will require a Macintosh with at least 4 MB of RAM. If PowerTalk or QuickDraw GX are installed, a minimum of 8 MB of RAM is recommended. For Power Macintosh systems, a minimum of 8 MB of RAM is requiBZred; if PowerTalk or QuickDraw GX are installed, a minimum of 16 MB of RAM is recommended. is decade? Latest Launch Number Offered Provide Specific System Technology Their These Third-party Vendors \A_What "end user" benefits of Threads and the Thread Manager can be articulated to our customers?E Thread ManagerH An application using preemptive threads can run true multitasking. A user could execute a detailed and/or lengthy search with a database while simultaneously entering records across a network.ork.&A _A`Are there any additional Toolbox routines that have been ported to native PowerPC in System 7.5?E Sys. SW StrategyW 8 of developers today are incorporating key technologies such as Apple Guide, Macintosh Drag and Drop, AppleScript, QuickDraw GX and PowerTalk into their applications. Companies who recently announced support for QuickDraw GX include: Xerox, Pixar, Peirce Software and XXXXX. As we near launch date, Apple plans to make additional developer names available? tA*Will AppleScript work across applications?E AppleScript and this is one of its most important differentiating factors. Traditional scripting or macro languages are trapped within a single application., but most users use more than one application and have actors. Traditional scripting or macro languages are trapped within a single application., but most users use more than one application and have and their individual preferences. Elements of AppleScript Technology Natural Vocabulary AppleScript features a natural syntax designed specifically for ease of use. As with spoken language, the building blocY ks of the language are words and statements. For example, the phrase: tell application "Scriptable Text Editor" to print the front window is a simple statement that forms a complete script, instructing the Scri AppleScript Tech Article Their Applica s dictionary, making externalized data available as objects and externalized functions available as commands. Commands and Objects AppleScript is a dynamic, object-oriented script language. At its heart is] the ability to send messages (commands) to objects in applications. These objects, which are familiar things such as words or paragraphs in a text-editing application, respond to commands by performing action AppleScript Tech Article pA/What are the key benefits of using AppleScript?E AppleScript AppleScript offers different benefits to three different groups: Developers will find that it increases the value of their products, opens up new market opportunities, speeds their time to market, and positions them to take advantage of forthcoming Apple technologies. Solution providers will find that AppleScript lets them build custom solutions from off-the-shelf software, simplify network administration, Fully Functionality Functions Fundamental Funtionally Future Gender General Generate Generated Generates Generation Easily Enhancements Especially Events Existing Extension Extensions Features Finder First Fonts Footprint Frontier Future Adobe Multiple Master fonts are fonts that contain outlines of the font at different weights and widths. TrueType GX fonts have one outline with the ability to scale the font to any other weight or width.W DA_Will my old fonts work with QuickDraw GX (this is especially important for two-byte languages)?E QuickDraw GXW E TrueType and Type 1 fonts will continue to work with QuickDraw GX. Users of Type 1 fonts will have to add a resource to their fontsW common suites of events and objects by application category. The results are published in a book called the Apple Events Registry (available from APDA). The Apple events mechanism supplies the connection, and the standards defined in the Apple Events Registry provide the common language. This combination enables AppleScript to request services, retrieve data, and more. Together, Apple events and the event AppleScript The following is an overview of key AppleScript features: COMMON CROSS-APPLICATION SCRIPTING: AppleScript adds macro capabilities to all scriptable applications and a single script can integrate multiple experienced the need to better integrate and automate their favorite applications. AppleScript scripts work across the Macintosh desktop and with all applications that support it. AppleScript seamlessly transfers almost any type of information between applications, allowing users to create customized tools and computing environments that make use of features from multiple applications. uAWWhat will AppleScript allow users to do that they can't do today with a macro language? In addition to commercial developers, who may opt to make their applications support AppleScript, there are two user segments that will benefit from AppleScript. The first is Solution Providers. These are people who will create scripts for themselves or others, such as in-house developers, consultants, VARs, and systems integrators. In addition, a recorder mechanism within the AppleScript Script Editor will Sys. SW Strategy System 7.5 is Apple's newest release of the System 7 operating system which set the industry standard for graphical interfaces. It is the first mainstream operating system for RISC that includes 50 new enhanceBNments offering DOS/Windows compatibility, customization and advanced graphics. Microsoft has already shipped a version of Microsoft Excel that fully supports AppleScript. Microsoft announced in July 1992 that they would expand support of the Object Model and AppleScript to its other applications. A*What does the future hold for AppleScript?e plans to take AppleScript in three important directions. 1) AppleScript is a fundamental technology at Apple and is complementary to other Apple technologies, such as AOCE and QuickTime. AppleScript Being Benefit Benefits Beside Between Books Empatibility Compelling Compete Competitive Consolidating Customers Decide Delay Developer Developers Didn't Differ Difference Different Disparate Distribute Don't to learn TeleScript. NewtonScript is the language that s behind Newton forms and user interface elements. Think of it as HyperTalk for Newton forms. It s not a systemwide scripting language for Newton; it much more integral s the only way to write a Newton application. People who want to create Newton forms should learn NewtonScript. How does AppleScript relate to ScriptX? It s similar in form and syntax 4goal in releasing System 7.5 is to make available a single OS release that supports both 680x0 and PowerPC-based Macintosh systems. By incorporating new technologies such as QuickDraw GX, Apple Guide, PowerTalk and AppleScript, as well as a number of productivity enhancements, System 7.5 offers functionality that is uniquely available on the Macintosh platform? to ScriptX, so people who learn one will find it easy to learn the other. With a ScriptX player on the Macintosh, we expect that an AppleScript script will be able to invoke and play a ScriptX title. How does AppleScript relate to TeleScript? On PowerBooks, we expect that you ll be able to write AppleScript scripts that orchestrate telecommunications applications, which in turn use TeleScript to establish jA>How does AppleScript relate to IAC, the OSA, and Apple events?E AppleScript is a standard for scripting technology, which makes use of Apple events. AppleScript is built on top of the OSA, which ensures cross-application scripting with a consistent syntax. Simply put, Apple events are the medium through which AppleScript directs applications to perform tasks. Apple events is the messaging language of the System 7 IAC technology; it allows applications to communicate with other So, for example, a script written in the AppleScript English dialect will appear in Kanjii if opened on a Japanese system. AppleScript scripts are translated in a natural manner. Word order and gender are added or reordered when necessary, and just about everything but variable names and comments translates perfectly to the local language. Currently, efforts to create AppleScript dialects for Kanjii and ;French, and other dialects will be delivered in the future. Developer Developer's Developers Dialect Dialects Different Directly Directs Disks Display Distribution Document Documentation Documents Don't Dos/windows Driven Dropped During Easier Easily Easy-to-use Edited Editing Finder Guide Manager Powertalk/share Quickdraw Scriptable Strategy Thread AppleScript Apple plans to take AppleScript in three important directions. 1) AppleScript is a fundamental technology at Apple and is complementary to other Apple technologies, such as AOCE and QuickTime. AppleScript the areas where they overlap. What's uniquely interesting about AppleScript is that acts as an overall integrator. ScriptX is a special-purpose scripting language for delivering multi-media content. Think of it as PostScript for multimedia. Most often, ScriptX will be produced automatically by authoring tools; only a very few power media authors (and the programmers who write authoring tools) will write in suites form the Open Scripting Architecture (OSA). Apple announced the OSA scripting standard in May 1991. The OSA provided a single, uniform way for developers to make their System 7 applications scriptable, ensuring a rich offering of scriptable third party applications. Most important, it paved the way for developer support of AppleScript scripting because AppleScript is built on the OSA. kA+When and how will AppleScript be available?E AppleScript Simple Simplifies Simplify Simply Simultaneously Since Single Sites Slated Software Solution Solutions Someone Sophisticated Souped-up Special Special-purpose Specific Speed Speeds Stack Stacks Stated Statements Schedule Scheduled Screen Script Scriptability Scriptable Scripted Scripter's Scripters Scripting Scripts Scriptx Seamlessly Search Second Settings Shipping Should Significant Significantly Similar Simple ARCHITECTURE: Third-party scripting solutions and tools can plug-and-play as an integrated part of AppleScript. COMPONENT ARCHITECTURE: The component approach allows other scripting solutions, such as DAL/SQL, to become integrated parts of AppleScript solutions. WORKS ACROSS THE NETWORK: AppleScript works across the network. A script running on one Macintosh can control an application on another Macintosh across the network. connections with services. How does AppleScript relate to NewtonScript? The Newton Docker application for Macintosh will be scriptable, so you ll be able to write an AppleScript script that downloads data {from Macintosh applications to a Newton through the docker. NewtonScripts then manipulate that information in the Newton. A=How will AppleScript work with the Taligent operating system?E AppleScript Making Manager Manager's Manipulate Manner Manual Manuals Manufacturers Market Master Matching Mbytes Means Mechanism Media Medium Memory Messaging Microsoft Mobile Modest Modify Money Monolithic Motion Moved Moving Apple GuideH:Balloon Help will continue to be included with System 7.5.W #A4Will Apple Guide run on System 6, 7, 7.1 or 7.1 Pro?E Apple GuideH7Today, Apple Guide is designed to work with System 7.5.W Language Languages Later Latest Latter LaunchnchnchnchnchLaunchnchple System Software Technologies ><What Footprint Various Configurations Graphical Graphics Great Greater Ground-breaking Groups Grows Guarantee antee Guest With the Open Scripting Architecture, we have a fundamental architecture which will work across platforms. At this time, we can't provide specific details on how AppleScript will work with Taligent's operating system. Q&A)How will AppleScript work with PowerOpen?E AppleScriptH With the Open Scripting Architecture, we have a fundamental architecture which will work across platforms. At this time, we can't provide specific details on how AppleScript will work with PowerOpen. On-Screen MasterB Seeded AppleScript and Visual Basic are different kinds of products. Visual Basic is a tool for creating applications. AppleScript is a system-wide scripting language used for integrating and customizing applications. On the Macintosh, application building tools, such as HyperCard, will use AppleScript to integrate custom applications with off-the-shelf applications. The AppleScript language can be compared HvAppleScript is available from Apple Dealers. It is also bundled as a component of both System 7.1 Pro and System 7.5. What does AppleScript include?E AppleScript AppleScript comes with an AppleScript extension, a script editor that allows you to record, modify, and play scripts, a Scriptable Text Editor, and FaceSpan, an interface builder that lets you build custom appl 5A*When will Mash or System 8.0 be available?E Sys. SW StrategyH}The next operating system release is slated for 1995. However, we are not making any announcements on future releases today.W Sys. SW StrategyH}The next operating system release is slated for 1995. However, we are not making any announcements on future releases today?W Sys. SW StrategyH Apple plans to deliver QuickTime 2.0 first to developers and then to the general public. The System 7.5 delivery schedule does not include QuickTime 2.0. Guidance Applehelp Issue Compatibility Checker System <Will There Versions Operating System Relea <With Apple's Shrinking Third-party Developers Strategy Thread Useful Users Using Version Versions Visual Where Which idelyelyelyelyelyelyely AppleScript provides basic looping, repeating, conditional structures, and error handling. Also, AppleScript includes powerful object-oriented features. And it can also take advantage of the capabilities of third-party applications. For example, because Microsoft Excel 4.0 is scriptable, Excel users can integrate the power of Excel commands into their AppleScript scripts. A user could, for instance, write a zA(Are AppleScript scripts easily readable?E AppleScript Yes. The default syntax of the AppleScript language is similar to HyperTalk in its natural language approach, but is even more regular and predictable. It has been designed so that beginning script writers ucan record a script and puzzle out the script functionality in order to modify the script to better meet their needs. {A/How much power does AppleScript itself provide?E AppleScript 68020 680x0 7.1.2 Launch Leaps Learn Least Lengthy Level Levels Library License Little Local Localizability Long-term Looping M1730ll/a M1730ll/b M1730z/a M1730z/b Mac's Macintosh 8ANHow is System 7.5 different from System 7.1.2 that shipped with the Power Mac?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share System 7.1.2 was a special release of 7.1 that was tuned to take advantage of the Power Mac's speed and engine power. It was not released as a stand-alone product. In addition, 7.5 contains Apple's newest tecBShnology including Apple Guide, QuickDraw GX, Macintosh Drag and Drop and PowerTalk.=Has System 7.5 been tuned to take advantage of the Power Mac?E Sys. SW Strategytegy Microsoft Microsoft's Middle Minimum Mobile Model Modify Modularly Module Money Monolithic Mouse Moved Moving Multi-media e Performance Systems AppleScript Order Before Beginning Behind Being Believes Benefit Benefits Better Between Broader Build Building Built Built-in Business Businesses Called Can't Canvas Capabilities Capability Catalogs Categories Category Cd-rom :AdWill there be two versions of the 7.5 operating system release like System 7.1. Pro and System 7.1?E Sys. SW StrategyH|No. There will be one release of System 7.5 that can be installed on both Macintosh, Power Macintosh and PowerBook systems.W ;here will be one release of System 7.5 that can be installed on both Macintosh, Power Macintosh and PowerBook systems?W Cross-platform scripting is a high priority and work is underway. Our plan is to deliver first the underpinnings of AppleScript to other platforms, such as Windows, and then to deliver AppleScript to other rplatforms. Apple is investigating several options for delivering AppleScript and the Open Scripting Architecture. Thread ManagerH With the Thread Manager, an application can have true multitasking. An example would be: a database application may allow a user to do a search while concurrently adding entries over a network.W ZAMWill applications have to be revised to take advantage of the Thread Manager? AppleScript Their Themselves There These They'd Third Third-party Those Though Three Through Allow Already Advantage .Does Require Developer Adoption <Exactly Apple System Software Technologies System Tuned Advantage Power Fonts Supported Quickdraw Still Apple Guide Departments Custom Apple Guide Differ Balloon ications. For developers, the AppleScript Developer s Toolkit is available from APDA, and includes detailed documentation and tools for both commercial developers and professional script developers. Thank you for using the InfoBASE on System 7.5! The InfoBASE was conceptualized by the Worldwide Performance Systems group and is intended to be a quick and easy reference tool for accessing vast amounts of in eSAppleScript Tech Article AppleScript works with those applications that support the OSA. There are three levels of AppleScript support: Scriptable applications can be controlled by AppleScript.; Recordable applications let users directly record scripts from their actions using a simple script editing utility; and Attachable applications can trigger AppleScript scripts based on user actions within the application (for example, #save an AppleScript is triggered). Why did Apple decide it needed two versions of its operating system in the first place and why is Apple consolidating this system software release? Is it due to the fact that sales of System 7 Pro were weak?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share System 7 Pro was intended to deliver Apple's PowerTalk and AppleScript technologies to users interested in collaborating more effectively. After System 7 Pro was introduced, customers, particularly those in bus the Script Editor. The Script Editor generates scripts by "watching" the user's actions. The scripts can then be edited and run by the user. More sophisticated editing tools and environments will be released in the future. RECORDING FACILITY: Scripts can be generated with a "watch-me" facility. The user can turn on recording in the Script Editor, and as the interact with recordable applications, Sys. SW StrategyH Apple will deliver System 7.5 to individual users either on high-density floppy disks or on CD-ROM. Multiple-user sites can either purchase a multi-user kit or volume license the software.W Either Electronic Elements Employees Enable Enables Encompasses Engine English Enhanced Enhancement Enhancements Ensure Ensures Ensuring Entering Enterprise Entries Environment Environments Error Establish applications to perform sophisticated interapplication operations. To achieve a standardized syntax, Apple has worked with developers to organize events and objects into event suites. Event suites provide a standard way to do a set of tasks for a variety of application categories by defining a common set of Apple events and objects. These event suites form an evolving standard in an ongoing process to define hemselves There There's Thereafter Therefore Therefrom These Saved Savedand Saves Scaler Scalers Scaling Scanners Schedule Scheduling Scheme Screen Script Scriptability Scriptable Scripted Scripters Scripting Scripts Scroll Scrolling Seamless Search Searching is a foundation for Apple's voice recognition technology, which requires that applications be scriptable in order for them to reap the benefits of being voice controllable. Future plans include integration with other Apple technologies. 2) Cross-platform AppleScript is a key initiative. We recognize that Customers, particularly those in the enterprise, require scripting technology to work across platforms. GX Overview Tech Article Goto GX Print Tech TA GX Printing Technologies Goto GX Typo TA GX Typography Tech Article With Apple's shrinking base of third-party developers, what is the compelling reason for them to write applications for System 7.5?E Sys. SW Strategy A number of developers have already adopted many of the enhancements offered in System 7.5 and the number continues to grow. These vendors, like Apple, want to bring their customers the latest technology availBhable. As we near the launch date, we plan to provide more specific information on third-party adoption. ~TT*x applications. The standard Apple Events and objects defined as part of the Open Scripting Architecture enable a consistent scripting experience with all applications.EASY-TO-USE LANGUAGE: The AppleScript language syntax is easy to understand and use. The base AppleScript language includes language control structures (repeat, if...then, etc.) and a library of built-in commands. ALTERNATIVE DIALECTS: The 7.1.2 Across Adobe Adobe's Adopting Adoption Advantage Handle Hardware Having Heard Apple Guide Product Promised Provide Purchased Quickdraw Quicktime R0175z/b Rather Readable Really Reason Relate Release Releasing Removing Replace Replaced Require Requirements Rewritten Running Sales Saved Scriptable Vtable Vable Wcial Tuned Two-byte Unfortunately Update Upgrade Useful VUseful Useful VUseful Versions Where Which While Variety Various Varying Vector Vectors Vehicle Vendor Vertically Videodisk Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewgroup Viewgroup's Viewgroups Viewing Viewport The AOCE (Apple Open Collaboration Environment) provides the necessary services to enable workflow automation and unattended computing. AppleScript can be used in conjunction with the AOCE to automate the flow of information between applications and for delegation of tasks. For example, with scripting, a user can automate how incoming mail should be handled, and under what conditions information should be passed on to another user or application. Charging Checker Chicago Companies Compare Compatibility Compatible Compelling Compete Concerning oncerning Configurations brations bions bions bations bnfigurations Custom Customers Databases Decide Delay Departments Desktop Developer Developers Didn't Differ Difference Different Still Strategy Support Supporting porting rting porting >6Will There Compatibility Checker System Guide High-density Highlighting However Human Imaging Implement Implementing Include Included Includes Including Incorporate Incorporating Individual Industry Information ARWill AppleScript replace HyperCard? Will AppleScript and HyperCard work together?E AppleScript AppleScript and HyperCard are different kinds of products. HyperCard is tool for building applications. AppleScript is scripting language that can control applications and the system. Apple plans to add Played Player Please Plug-and-play Point Portability Positions Possible Postscript Power Powerbook Powerbooks Powerful Poweropen Powerpc-based Powertalk Predictable Preemptive Preference Previous Previously Primarily Print Printed Suites Summarizes Summer Supplies Support Supporting Supports Switch Symantec Syntax System Weight Weights What's Whatever Whenever Where Wherever Which While Width Widths Xerox Xxxxx Years that they are able to understand, are said to belong to the same object class. AppleScript can store and manipulate its own data. This data can come from other applications or be created in a script, and it ca an be manipulated with operators. AppleScript has a built-in set of programming structures that include If statements for conditional execution, Repeat statements for statements that are repeated, assignment s AppleScript Tech Article Embraced Implementing Overview Owned Package Packaged Packages Packed Paged Pager Pages Pairs Panel Panels Paper Paper-handling Paper-type Paradoxical Paragraphs Parallel Process Processing Processor Search for Particular Topic Search for Particular Topic questions concerning PowerPC. They have been divided into 8 categories. You may view or print all of the Q&A, the Q&A for a single category, or you may searcBPh for a particular question/answer that you need. Select from the following: Search for Particular Topic WP Order Three Through Q&A Main Fact Sheet Main Resource Guide Main@ Resource Guide Main@ Resource Guide Maint Resource Guide Main Resource Guide Main Resource Guide Main Resource Guide Main Resource Guide Mainnnnnnurce Guide Main Resource Guide Mainy Q&A SingleB AVIsn't System 7.5. really a release to integrate and distribute disparate technologies?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share Customer needs have always driven the development of Macintosh system software technologies. System 7.5 integrates advanced technologies such as QuickDraw GX and Apple Guide, as well as system software technol ple Guide. For example, users who don't have the benefit of a support desk will now have access to an electronic assistant; mobile users Graphics Guide Guides Central Point Software Claris Corporation Development Dantz Development /A6Will there be a compatibility checker with System 7.5?E Sys. SW Strategy System 7.5 will include a utility to ensure the successful installation of the new operating system. This utility will check for third-party extensions that are installed in a user's current system folder and n a user's current system folder and Architecture Areas Arple Assistance Assistant Attachable August Authoring Authors Automate Automatic Automatically Automating Automationionnionionionionionion Automationionionionion Platforms Possible Postscript roduct Promised Protected Purchased Quickdraw Quicktime Really Reason Release Releasing Replaced Require Requirements Running Sales Scriptable Shareware Shipped Shipping Shrinking Slipped Software Still Stragegy Strategy Supporting oA&Who are the customers for AppleScript?E AppleScript ustomers at a modest price, Apple hopes to reach more customers than ever before through a wide array of software distribution channels, including mail order catalogs, office supply stores, and software retailers. This approach also can help us to accelerate future technological advances and offer technical support to more users. oA&Who are the customers for AppleScript?E AppleScript rA,Does AppleScript work with all applications?E AppleScript and the Macintosh system. Using AppleScript, users will be able to control applications that support System 7 Apple events. AppleScript allows users to type in scripts that are converted to Apple events and sent to applications. The applications respond to the Apple events and pass back any information that the script has requested rA,Does AppleScript work with all applications?E AppleScript The OSA is a standard for scripting technology, which makes use of Apple events. AppleScript is built on top of the OSA, which ensures cross-application scripting with a consistent syntax. Simply put, Apple events are the medium through which AppleScript directs applications to perform tasks. Apple events is the messaging language of the System 7 IAC technology; it allows applications to communicate with other Providing Support Guidance \3) Apple intends to deliver more advanced tools and scripting environments for AppleScript. ABDoes Apple plan to take AppleScript technology to other platforms?E Sys. SW Strategy AppleScriptty and work is underway. Our plan is to deliver first the underpinnings of AppleScript to other platforms, such as Windows, and then to deliver AppleScript to other rplatforms. Apple is investigating several options for delivering AppleScript and the Open Scripting Architecture. quirements Setting Streamlined Terrific Tremendous Who've 3ASIs Apple releasing System 7.5 to compete with Microsoft's Chicago operating system?E,Sys. SW Strategy Competition PowerTalk/Share Apple's goal in releasing System 7.5 is to make available a single OS release that supports both 680x0 and PowerPC-based Macintosh systems. By incorporating new technologies such as QuickDraw GX, Apple Guide, s. SW Strategy Competition PowerTalk/Share Announcements Another Answer Anything Appear Apple 2script Applescript-based Application Application's Applications sA'Which applications support AppleScript?E AppleScript There are over 70 products that now provide various levels of scriptability. These include products from such vendors as ACI, Aladdin Systems, Aldus, CE Software, Chang Labs, Claris, Great Plains Software, MicB rosoft, Quark, Shana, Symantec, TGS Systems, UserLand Software, and WordPerfect. For more information, please refer to the document "Guide to Scriptable Apps" found on the 1994 June ARPLE CD. Inactive Releases Remember Peirce People Perfectly Perform Period Periods Pixar Plains Planning Plans Platform Platforms Plug-and-play Point Portability Positions Possible Postscript Power Powerbook Powerful Powerpc-based Powertalk Predictable Preference Previously Price Print Printed Stepping Steps Still Stone Find All & Sort Export for AppleLink Export for AppleLink Won't Worry Would Components MainB Developers Development Device Dialect Dialects Different Differentiating Difficult Directions bution Document Documentation Documents Doing Don't Dos/windows Driven Dropped During Easier Easily Easy-to-use Edited Editing Original Originally 4verall Promised Protected Purchased Quickdraw Quicktime Really Release Releasing Replaced Require Requirements Running Scriptable Shareware Software Still Stragegy Strategy Supporting System Taligent Technologies Technology Multi-user Multimedia Multiple Multiple-user Multitasking Names Native Natural Near-final Necessary Needed Needing Needs Network Networks Never Newest Newton Newtonscript Nothing Nouns Number Object Object-oriented Objects Useful User's Userland Users Using Utility Value Values Variable Variety Various Vendors Verbs Version Versions Would Xerox Xxxxx Years I originally heard that System 7.5 was supposed to ship in April and has slipped to August. Why has there been a delay shipping this product?E Sys. SW StrategyH Apple never announced that System 7.5 would ship in April. We have consistently stated summer 1994, which we will realize with the August introduction date.sh or System 8.0 be available?H}The next operating system release is slated for 1995. However, we are not making any announcements on future releases today? Supposed System Taligent Technologies Technology Telescript Text-based That's Ability About Access Accessible Accommodate Accommodates countant countant Addition Additional Address Administration Adopted Adoption Advance Advanced Advancements Advances Advantage After Against Aimed Allow Allows Already Alternative Always 7AqWhich developers are adopting the technology in System 7.5 and are any of them adopting more than one technology?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share A number of developers today are incorporating key technologies such as Apple Guide, Macintosh Drag and Drop, AppleScript, QuickDraw GX and PowerTalk into their applications. Companies who recently announced s de: Xerox, Pixar, Peirce Software and XXXXX. As we near launch date, Apple plans to make additional developer names available? Guide Guides Handled Handling /ghting However Human Imaging Implement Implementing Include Included Includes Including Incorporate Incorporating Individual Industry Information Visual Vocabulary Voice Volume Watch-me Watching Whenever Wherever Which While Within Without Worked Works Would Xerox Xxxxx Years <A,How much RAM will it take to run System 7.5?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share e. By integrating the technologies previously available in System 7 Pro into System 7.5, Apple makes PowerTalk and <AppleScript available to a broader range of Macintosh users? <A,How much RAM will it take to run System 7.5?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share Other Overall People Place Platform tform Platform urchased Quickdraw Quicktime Really Reason Release Releasing Replaced Require Requirements Running Sales Scriptable Shareware Shipped Shipping Shrinking Slipped Software Still Stragegy Strategy Supporting Obtain Offered Offersng Offersersers System 7 Pro includes only the runtime software the system extensions, the basic Script Editor, a Scriptable Text Editor, and a HyperCard stack that summarizes the AppleScript commands. The SDK includes not onB ly the runtime, but also the following components: FaceSpan, an interface builder that allows you to quickly create complete applications built on top of AppleScript Finder Scripting Software that lets cross Applications Applescript Buyers Can't Capabilities Capone Comment Companies Compare Compatibility Compatible Compelling Compete Competitive Consistency Consolidating Custom Customers Databases Decide Delay Departments Desktop Developer Developers Didn't Differ Difference Different Architecture Aren't Articulated August Authoring Available Balloon Basic >,How System Languages Laserwriter Leaps Level Macintosh Master Memory Microsoft Microsoft's Moving Multiple Multitasking Native Needed Needs Isn't Itself Language Languages Licensees Localizable Macintosh Macro Manager Moving Multiple Multitasking Native Needed Needs Towards Trade-off Traditional Train Transfers Transition Translated Translates Trapped Travel Trigger Triggered Truetype Tuned Types Typographic Unattended Under Underlying Underpinnings Understand Underway Uniform Uniquely Unless Unparalleled Until Update Decade Default Define Defined Defining Delegation Deliver Delivered Delivering Delivery Demands Department artment Driven Dropped During Easier Easily Effectively Effort Electronic Enable Encompasses Engine Enhanced Enhancements Ensure do today. It also includes the ability to manipulate that data using drag and drop. Macintosh Drag and Drop, however, provides this latter functionality to applications today. And, by incorporating Drag and DC rop into applications, third-party developers will move the application's human interface one step closer to the ease of use of OpenDoc. A0Will Drag and Drop run with System 7.1. and 7.0?E Drag and DropH -A:Why isn't QuickTime 2.0 part of this release (System 7.5)? Scriptable Scripting Scripts Scriptx Shareware Shipped Shipping Should Shrinking Slipped Software Space Special pecial !Language Engineering Corporation Macro Educational Systems Consolidating Custom Customers Databases Decide Delay Departments Desktop Developer Developers Development Didn't Differ Difference Different Different erent Different Abacus Concepts Abvent Thank you for using the InfoBASE on System 7.5! The InfoBASE was conceptualized by the Worldwide Performance Systems group and is intended to be a quick and easy reference tool for accessing vast amounts of inB formation on System 7.5. Included are the contents of the following resources: The System 7.5 Q&A (Including component Q&A) The Macintosh Operating System Strategy Paper The Operating Systems C PAqIs it possible to make custom help guides with Apple Guide and is it difficult and does it require special tools?E Apple GuideHRYes. Custom Apple Guides can be created using the Guide Maker authoring software.W QABHow can Apple Guide be used by MIS departments to add custom help?E Apple Guideusing the Guide Maker authoring software.W QABHow can Apple Guide be used by MIS departments to add custom help?E Apple GuideW Q&ABe Without Worldscript Write Nrating Apple Charging Operating System Didn't System Instead System System E2Will Apple Guide System {<Will Balloon Still Included Operating System u/Will System Difficult Disparate Distribute (Drag Upgrade Strategy Customers Moving Syste *When System Available <Which Companies Supporting Quickdraw Their Applica <Which Developers Adopting Technology System <Which Technology System Release Aren't Segment Segments Select Selected Separate Services Settings Several Shana Shipped Should Significant Significantly Similar Simple will compare these extensions against a database of compatible software. Extensions not included in the database can be moved to a separate folder so that a user will, after installing System 7.5, be able to sCPuccessfully restart their system and then test each extension for compatibility. Existing Expect Issue Major Number Release Requiring Significant Since System Their Users 0AVWhat is the difference between Apple's Scriptable Finder and the original AppleScript?E Scriptable Finder AppleScriptto a separate folder so that a user will, after installing System 7.5, be able to Qsuccessfully restart their system and then test each extension for compatibility? 0AVWhat is the difference between Apple's Scriptable Finder and the original AppleScript?E Scriptable Finder AppleScript support for AppleScript within HyperCard. In the next version of HyperCard, developers will be able to add AppleScript scripts to their HyperCard stacks. This means that scriptable applications will be zcallable from HyperCard via AppleScript. In effect, HyperCard stacks can act as front-ends to off-the-shelf applications. A;How does AppleScript compare with Microsoft's Visual Basic?E AppleScript Competition language commands are translated into the underlying Apple events and objects. AppleScript scripts send Apple events to applications to trigger commands, retrieve data, and set data values. The standard Apple events and objects defined in the Apple Events Registry provide the vocabulary of nouns and verbs for the AppleScript language. ~A0How will AppleScript and the AOCE work together?E AppleScript environment. However, it is far from the only possible approach. We expect third-party developers to take advantage of the OSA to provide alternate scripting environments, some of which may use a graphical approach. How is AppleScript implemented?E AppleScript AppleScript is implemented as an extension to system software; users install the AppleScript Extension into their system. Apple's Script Editor allows users to write, record, and edit scripts. AppleScript Alternate Alternative Always Amortization Amortize Abacus Concepts Abvent Adobe Systems Agfa-gevaert Aladdin Systems Aldus Corporation Alias Research Artwork Systems Abacus Concepts Abvent ion sends the final results to the Script Editor where they are displayed in the result window. Open Scripting Architecture Apple introduced the Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), an interapplication scriptinq g standard, in May 1991. The OSA provides a single, uniform way for developers to make their applications scriptable, ensuring a rich offering of scriptable third-party applications. It also enables the devel AppleScript Tech Article Answer Anything Apple Apple's Appleguide Applescript Application Applications Approach April Architectureureureureureureureureureureureureectureureureureureureureureureureureureureure . When you run the script, the Script Editor sends these statements to the AppleScript extension, which interprets the statements and sends Apple events to the appropriate applications. Applications respond bo y performing actions, such as changing a text style, getting a value, or opening a document. Applications can also send Apple events back to the AppleScript extension to report results. The AppleScript extens AppleScript Tech Article Apple Applescript Competition Manager Quickdraw Scriptable Strategy Thread Stacks Stand-alone Standard Standardized Standards Stated Statements Balloon Still Included Operating System Even-numbered Event Events Everything Evolving Example Excel Execute Executed Existing Expand Expect Expected Experience Experienced Facility Factors Feature Features Field Filemaker Finder First Flexible Floppy Focused Folder Resolution Imagine Do the desktop printing and printing extensions features of QuickDraw GX fix the problems with the LaserWriter 8.1.1 driver today and is it compatible with all Apple and Third party printers?E QuickDraw GXW K problems with the LaserWriter 8.1.1 driver today and is it compatible with all Apple and Third party printers?E QuickDraw GXW Kh the LaserWriter 8.1.1 driver today and is it compatible with all Apple and Third party printers?E QuickDraw GXW opment of a variety of scripting tools that will address the range of needs from the average end user to the in-house developer to the commercial developer. The OSA is comprised of Apple events, the Object Modes l, and related standards. A brief examination of each of these pieces will illustrate how the OSA enables powerful scripting solutions. Object Model One of the unique problems of a scripting language for a g AppleScript Tech Article ptable Text Editor (a simple, scriptable word processor included with AppleScript) to print the contents of its front window. Application Dictionaries The AppleScript language is extended by every application[ that supports scripting. Applications externalize their data and functions by defining dictionaries of objects and commands. Dynamic extension of the language takes place when AppleScript loads an applicatio AppleScript Tech Article Issue Issue Items Itself Japanese Kanjii Keyboard Kinds Known Knows Languageage Their There Think Third-party Tuned Unfortunately Upgrade Versions Which While Without Write Extremely Factors Family Faster lscript that tells Excel to amortize a loan, even though AppleScript itself knows nothing about amortization. |AtWhat is the advantage of a text-based approach to AppleScript scripting rather than the Macintosh graphics metaphor?E AppleScript Competition Language is a rich and flexible form of expression that can provide users with powerful capabilities when implemented in the consistent, intuitive model of the Macintosh and integrated into the Macintosh Applications Approach Architecture Arrangements Array Assistance Assistant Attachable Attention Attributing August Automate Automatic Automatically Automating Available Background Balloon View All Q&A View All Q&A ant Garde Chicago Palatino >0e#Macintosh Operating System Strategy Goto SSW Compet. WP OS Competitive White Paper Goto Applescript TA Onscreen AppleScript Tech Article Goto Drag/Drop TA Drag and Drop Tech Article AppleScript Tech Article ing system based choices, are burdened with the administrative complexity and massive appetite for computing resources associated with UNIX. The abundance of operating system options confuses the situation for both developers and users. Developers will be uncertain where to focus their limited development resources, resulting in an extremely limited selection of native applications for each operating system. And use Commercial Committed Communications wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" Print Print Print Print Print Print Print Print Print Print b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Tech Other Otherwise Outline Output Override Overrides Panel Paper Paper-handling Particular Picture Pop-up Portable Printle, if a printer runs out of paper, its printer driver sends this status to the desktop printer. If the Finder is in the foreground, the desktop printer displays the Printing hieve Addition Adobe Adobe's Advanced Advantage Allsh Issue Powerpc Better Pentium rty Developers PowerPC 3rd-Party Developersy Developers 33ffff 33ff33 3333ff 333333 Guidance Applehelp Issue g9F1F1 Quickdraw Quickdraw %A'How will customers obtain QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GX guarantee consistent color between the screen display and the printed output. In the long-term, developers will build on QuickDraw GX resolution-independent graphics and next-generation typographic functionality to create applications with even more sophisticated capabilities? %A'How will customers obtain QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GX TN*T~ ~TT0T ~TN0NT To About InfoBASE-P To About InfoBASE To About InfoBASE On-Screen To About InfoBASE WP To About InfoBASE rocessors Midrangeerprise A{Which technology is new in the System 7.5 release? Aren't most of the new enhancements already available through shareware?E Sys. SW Strategy PowerTalk/Share Apple Guide and QuickDraw GX are new technologies that are unparalleled in the computing industry today. In addition to these technologies and Apple's ground-breaking PowerTalk technology, the release containsBI more than 50 new enhancements that allow users to work more effectively. echnology, the release Transition Issue Issue TN0NZ ~TNT~ ~TN0N~ TN0T~ In-depth In-house In-place Inactive Inadequate Inappropriate Incoming Incorporate Incorporated Incorporates Incorrectly InfoBASE E3Click Here To View the SSW Competitive White Paper = Components MainB InfoBASE Macintosh Drag and Drop is a collection of system software services that enable a new powerful human interface for applications software. Once an application includes Macintosh Drag and Drop, its users can easB ily move text or graphics from one document or application to another. Instead of using copy and paste to move information, users can simply by point, click, and drag it to the desired destination. Text or g What is QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GX QuickDraw GX is the next-generation publishing and graphics technology for the Macintosh. It encompasses three new imaging technologies: the GX Graphics Engine, the GX Print Architecture and the GX Type and TB ext Engine. New feature benefits include an enhanced, easier to user printing interface; document portability technology that allows users to create documents that can be opened and printed without the origina Strategy Streamline Structures Substantial Successful Successfully Summer Superior Supplies Supply Support Supporting Supports Switch Syntax System Opening Print AppleScript TA Print GX Graphics graphics QuestionB QandA CategoryB QuickDraw GX Apple Guide Drag and Drop Scriptable Finder Thread Manager AppleScript PowerTalk/Share Sys. SW Strategy Competition Published Publishing Punctuation Purchase Purely Purpose Purposes Pushing utting Quadra Quadratic Quality Quantum Queries Query Question Questions Queue Queued Quick Quickdraw **$** ~**$*T ~TT*TT~ Powerpc Platform 3333ff 333333 Drag and Drop Tech Article Goto Mob. Bundle TA Mobility Bundle Tech Article Goto PowerT/S TA PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Purchased Upgrade Strategy Customers Moving Syste Finder Going Updated System Available System Printer Printers Printing Priority Procedures Process Processing Processor Produced Producing Product Productivity Products Professional Program Programmers Programming Programs Prompts Proof Proprietary Provide Provided Providers Provides ProvidingingingProvidinging Q&A OnScreenB ifications are subject to change without notice. Implemented Technical Technical Issue Powerpc Better Pentium Competitive WP On-ScreenB To W.P. Desktopher 3333ff 333333 Statement Statements States Status Steps Still Stops Store Stored Storing Straight Streaks Stream Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Stretching String Strings Stroke Structure Structures Style Styled Styles Stylewriter xZx~x~~x~ ~N**T Investments Leading Macintosh Making Manager ~x~xx* Applications Q&A Application Issue ication Issue Application Issuesue Times Bold Times Courier B Optima Bold Tekton CaslonOpenFace Avant Garde Chicago Palatino ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 33ffff 33ff33 1.1/draft 1.4mb 10-year 1073676289 15000 32768 Percent 68020 68030 68040 72-dot-per-inch World Worldwide Would wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" And/or Announced Announcements April Architecture Assistance Assistant August Automatic Available Background Balloon wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" ~T*NT ~*$0N0N0N TxxZ* Which Third Parties Embraced Implementing The System Software Competitive White Paper was created by the Competitive Analysis group. The original document (including graphics) is located on the April 1994 ARPLE CD. InfoBASE Parallels Parameters Parsed Partial Particular Particularly Parties Partnered Partnering Partners Partnership Partnerships Pattern Patterned Patterns Pavilion Payable Peer-to-peer People When dropping graphics, the drop feedback is usually the movement of the actual item to the location of the mouse-up event. After dropping text, the drop feedback is the movement or copying of text from the soN urce to the destination. If a move operation is in effect, the source text disappears. In either case, the text inserted at the destination is selected. Drag Manager Operations The Drag Manager improves on th Expand Extend Extension Faster Feature Files Finder within the boundaries before releasing the mouse button, the object appears at the new location. If you move the object beyond the boundary of a window, the application can also scroll the document (using automN atic scrolling) or even move the object from one window to another. Drag and drop is an extension of this, allowing you to drag more objects and data in your Macintosh documents. The objective is to make dra Releasing Relevance Relevances Remains Requirements Resources tegration of several complementary applications into a single working environment. With AppleScript, the Macintosh is the best and most flexible platform for custom and vertical solutions. AppleScript User AdH vantages AppleScript offers advantages to three distinct classes of users: scripters, commercial developers, and end users. Scripters Scripters is a term applied to VARs, in-house developers, systems integr Guide -2Will Apple Guide System pplication Dictionaries The AppleScript language is extended by every application that supports scripting. Applications externalize their data and functions by defining dictionaries of objects and commands. L Dynamic extension of the language takes place when AppleScript loads an application s dictionary, making externalized data available as objects and externalized functions available as commands. Commands and Ob User-defined Users Using Value Values Variables Variety Verbs updating network software can be automated. Let end users work with familiar software packages. For example, desktop applications can become useful interfaces to corporate resources. Simplify the developL ment process. AppleScript empowers scripters to reuse existing functionality in off-the-shelf software in custom solutions. Commercial Developers Commercial developers benefit from the AppleScript universal, Introduction Current applications are good at visual manipulation of data within their own windows, but do little to extend that ability outside of their own windows. Today different applications and tools inB teract and share data by using the utilities Copy, Paste, Publish, and Subscribe. However, users want more flexibility in the way they can move data between applications. Apple Events begins to address this, Examples Execution Exposes Extended Extension Extensions Facility GX Overview QuickDraw GX Overview Tech Article On-the-curve OpenframefillUsed me coordinate space without interfering with each other. Local, Global, and Device Spaces There are three coordinate spaces: local, global, and device. Shape geometries are described in local space, and windE ows on the screen are located in global space, defined by a viewGroup. The bounds of a viewGroup are -32768 to +32768 in both the x and y coordinates. A third space, device space, describes viewDevices, and con Motivated Object Objects One-pixel Technical Issues All print drivers need to be updated under QuickDraw GX. The new print architecture is based entirely on the new GX graphic objects. Although, applications that don t use QuickDraw GX will stiB ll print, they do so using a translator. Apple is working to get developers to upgrade their drivers. With the new print architecture, it should take developers one-half to one-third of the time it took them toC develop the old driver. eometry Graphics Havee ocalization. AppleScript is a universal scripting language; compiled scripts are not tied to any particular language. Extend product life cycles. The life cycles of their products nction Consistent Consultants Contents meet your needs more precisely. Streamlines and revolutionizes the work of VARs, in-house developers, systems integrators, and consultants. Creates exciting new possibilities for commercial developers. AppleScript gives you the power to shape your own computing environment. It delivers on the promise of Apple event technology by enabling everything from the automation of simple, often-repeated tasks to the in Underlying Understand Understands Universal Updating AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech Articleopers benefit because AppleScript can: Increase the value of their products. The availability of a widespread scripting language in a commercial product increases its ability to adapt to specialized marB ket niches. Simplify localization. AppleScript is a universal scripting language; compiled scripts are not tied to any particular language. Extend product life cycles. The life cycles of their products r attachment. The process of dynamic attachment could be done without anchor points, but the results are not as satisfactory. There may be times when an application does not use attachments. For example, in HH ebrew and Arabic text, vowel marks are usually omitted in text, but it may be desirable to include them in instructional material. Attachments may be hidden, so that even though they appear in the source text s Assuming Attach Attachment Attachmentsarameters AppleScript Tech Article AppleScript Contents Introducing AppleScript Technology AppleScript User Advantages Scripters Commercial Developers End Users Elements of AppleScript Technology Natural Vocabulary Appliardized Standards Started Statement Statements Store Stored Structure Structures Style Subroutines Suites Supports Syntax System Systems Tagged Tasks Technology Theire ators, and consultants that use AppleScript to create custom solutions. AppleScript allows them to produce a wider variety of innovative custom solutions more easily and more efficiently than ever before. SpeciJ fically, AppleScript enables scripters to do the following: Build solutions from off-the-shelf applications. Simplify network computing and streamline support. Routine support tasks like disk backups or Simplifies Simplify Simply Single Smaller Smart Softwarer Benefit Benefited Benefits Besides Better Bitmap Bitmapped Bitmaps Blank Blinking Block Blocks Boldness Books Booth Bottom Bottom-side Bottoms AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech Articleducing AppleScript Technology The Macintosh lets you do what you want to do with a computer, easily and efficiently. While the innovative graphical interface of the Macintosh streamlined the computing prB ocess, even the most creative work can sometimes involve repetitive actions. The graphical interface, though easy to use, doesn t facilitate automation of routine tasks. In addition, you may work with a variept Effects Efficiencies Efficiency Efficient Efficiently Effort Efforts Eight Either Ejecting Elaborate Electronic Electronic-forms Electronic-mail Electronically Eliminates Elsewhere Email Embedded Embedding Alternate Alternative Although Altogether Always Among An-alyst Analogy Anchor d be distinct from selection feedback. The Drag Manager generates dotted outlines by drawing a one-pixel thick outline of the drag region with a 50 percent gray dithered pattern, regardless of monitor bit depthJ and color capability. The appearance of destination feedback depends on the type of destination, destination windows, and folders that are highlighted, but in different ways. Several windows may even have dif Using Utilities Visual Windows Within designed specifically for ease of use. As with spoken language, the building blocks of the language are words and statements. For example, the phrase: tell application "Scriptable Text Editor" to print the froJ nt window is a simple statement that forms a complete script, instructing the Scriptable Text Editor (a simple, scriptable word processor included with AppleScript) to print the contents of its front window. Commands Commercial Commercially Commitment Commitments Committed Common Commonly Communicate Communicated Communicating Communication Communications Communities Company Comparable Comparing Compatability Compatibility Components Compose Composed Composited Composition Compound Comprehensive Comprised Computation-intensiv Computational Computer based Computer/telephone Computers Computes Computing le of backing store, which is an ordered repository of character codes. The backing store order designates the order in which character codes are stored in a document, that is, before any rendering actions haveH been performed. (Sometimes the term phonetic order is used as a synonym for backing store order.) Remember that this ordering within a string is raw, simple character codes in phonetic order. In particular, A tering Entire Entries Environmentxists Experience Extendedor Extension Extensions Extensive Extensively Extent External Externalize Externalized Extra Extracted Extreme Extremely Faces Facets Facilitate Facilitated Facilitates Facilitating Facilities Facility Facto Factor Factors Failure Fairly Falling Object Object-based Object-oriented Objective Objects Obscure Obtain Obvious Occupies Occur Occurred Occurring Occurs October ty of programs on a regular basis that you would like to integrate into a seamless solution. As the Macintosh has continued to evolve, Apple has sought ways to enhance the flexibility of the system to meet indD ividual needs. Toward that end, Apple has developed AppleScript, a powerful and sophisticated scripting system. AppleScript delivers several key benefits: Allows you to tailor applications and desktops to Applications Advantag er to change what directory they are in, dragging rectangles in MacDraw to move them, or dragging a file to the Trash. Graphic objects can be moved by dragging. The application either moves the entire objectJ or attaches a dotted outline of the object to the pointer and moves the outline as the user moves the pointer. When the user releases the mouse button, the application redraws the complete object at the new l Suites Suits Summarizes Summary Summer Supercomputers Superdrive Superhighway Superior Superior-performance Superiority pported Supporting Supports Suppose Surrounded Survey Swash Switch Symantec Symbolic Symbols Synchronization Synchronize Synchronized Synchronizes Users Using Usually Utilities Utility Utilize Validate Validation Valuable Value Value-added Values Variable Variables Variant Variation Variations Varies can be extended by attaching scripts that intercept events intended for the application. Open market opportunities to create specialized applications. As their applications become components in custom systeD ms designed by scripters, developers are freed to release smaller, more specialized products to meet specific niche market needs. Open market opportunities for new classes of applications. AppleScript facil nized into sections corresponding to the four types of feedback: selection, drag, destination, and drop. An item is defined as anything that can be selected by the user text, graphics, bitmaps, and icons. ag-and-drop sequences that cross windows are limited to items characterized as containers, such as a document, that could only be dragged across folder windows, disk windows, and the desktop in the Finder. Drag omplex Component Components Composed Compound Comprised Computer AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech ArticleScript commands include verbs such as close, print, delete. Objects are parts of applications (such as windows), of documents (such as words or paragraphs), or of AppleScript itself. ApplicationsB are also objects, because they can be instructed by commands to perform certain actions. Each object understands only certain commands. Objects that share similar characteristics, among them the commands thatons r a variety of application categories. Suites have already been defined for text processing, page layout, personal interactive communications, spreadsheets, and databases. Just as the commands Copy and Paste mN ean the same things across applications, so too will scripting commands such as delete and Event suites form an evolving standard in an ongoing process to define common sets of events and objects by a Competition Strategy e use of the Object Model to refer to objects within applications makes the syntax of AppleScript natural and understandable: the fundamental structure of AppleScript mimics the way users think about data in thL eir applications. Event Suites To achieve a standardized syntax, Apple has worked with developers to organize events and objects into event suites. Event suites provide a standard way to do a set of tasks fo on with a mouse, AppleScript objects are identified by compound names, called references, based on a naming scheme called the Object Model. The Object Model allows users to refer to objects in multiple ways wiJ thout regard for how the individual objects are implemented by applications. This parallels the selection of data with the mouse and enables scripting of a wide variety of objects with a consistent syntax. Th r to the commercial developer. The OSA is comprised of Apple events, the Object Model, and related standards. A brief examination of each of these pieces will illustrate how the OSA enables powerful scripting H solutions. Object Model One of the unique problems of a scripting language for a graphical user interface environment is identifying the object to be operated upon. Instead of selecting the object of an acti aving Thread Manager Format Formats Formatted Formatting Formed Forming Functionality Functions Fundamental Further Future General Generally Generate Generates Getting Given Gives Graphic Graphical Graphics Greatly Guide Guidelines Handled Handler Handlers Heart Availability Available Average Avoid Avoids Award Award-winning Aware Baseline Baselines Basic Basics Basis Heart Hebrew Height Helped Helping Helps Hierarchical Hierarchy High-level High-quality High-resolution Highest Highlight Highlighted Highlighting Highlights Highly Hindi Hinting Hit-side Hit-testing Holding Horizontal Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop Drag and drop is an improvement to the Macintosh user experience. It makes movement and manipulation of data easier and faster. The Drag Manager is the enabling system software for drag and drop. The Drag usually the movement of the actual Documents Downloading Dynamic E-mail Easily Editorfing User's User-defined User-interface User-perceived User-visible Userland Usersax (the arrangement of words in each statement) is correct. It also checks the vocabulary to make sure that the words in each statement are understood b ents and sends Apple events to the appropriate applications. Applications respond by performing actions, such as changing a text style, getting a value, or opening a document. Applications can also send AppleD events back to the AppleScript extension to report results. The AppleScript extension sends the final results to the Script Editor where they are displayed in the result window. Open Scripting Architecture object-oriented design. By taking advantage of the underlying Apple event messaging system, AppleScript provides a single script language that can be extended to meet the needs of any application. addition, you may work with a varie AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech ArticleScript Extension AppleScript is implemented as a system software extension, which means that its capabilities are readily accessible to all developers who want to include scripting capabilities in their aB pplications. The extension itself occupies less than 2K of system memory when there are no scripts running and 300K when scripts are running. Script Editor AppleScript version 1.0 features a simple script edi Revolutionizes Rewards Rework Richer Right Right-arrow Right-side Right-to-left Rights Risc-based Running Satisfactory Satisfied Satisfy . These language extensions are called scripting additions. A specialized scripting addition can be written for almost any purpose in any programming language. For example, an in-house developer might write F a scripting addition in C or Pascal that drives a videodisk player. Scripts can call this specialized command using a convenient syntax, such as play videodisk. Alternate Scripting Components The OSA allows escript Off-line Off-screen Off-site Off-the-shelf Offer Offered Offering Offerings Offers On-line Produce Produced Produces Producing Product Product's Productive Productively Productivity Products Professional Professionals Profiles Profound Profoundly Program Programmatic Programmed Programmer Programmer's Limitations Limited Limiting Limits Line-breaking Lines Linguistic Linguistically Linked Links Linotype-hell Listed Lists Little Lives Loadable Apple introduced the Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), an interapplication scripting standard, in May 1991. The OSA provides a single, uniform way for developers to make their applications scriptable, ensurinF g a rich offering of scriptable third-party applications. It also enables the development of a variety of scripting tools that will address the range of needs from the average end user to the in-house develope ialect Dialect-independent Dialects Display Displays Documentsh Interfaces Interfacing Interfering Interglyph Interleaved Intermixed Internal International Internet Interoperability Interoperable Interoperate Interoperating Interoperation Interpolate Interpolation Interpreted Interprets Interrelationship Interrupt Interrupted Intrinsically Introduced Distinct Distinguish Distorted Distributed Dithered Dithering Diverge Divided Divisibility Divisible Document Documentation Documents Doesn't Dominant Don't Dotted Double-click other scripting systems to work smoothly in conjunction with AppleScript. Such scripting systems are called components. For example, the Apple Data Access Language (DAL) might act as a scripting component. You could write an AppleScript script to automate the process of reconciling your revenue forecast in a spreadsheet. The script would open your revenue forecast spreadsheet and get the appropriate data, while Selecting Selection Sends Simply Single Solutionss Already Alter Altered Alternates. Applications respond by performing actions, such as changing a text style, getting a value, or opening a document. Applications can also send Appl they are able to understand, are said to belong to the same object class. AppleScript can store and manipulate its own data. This data can come from other applications or be created in a script, and it can bD e manipulated with operators. AppleScript has a built-in set of programming structures that include If statements for conditional execution, Repeat statements for statements that are repeated, assignment state Compare Microsoft Applescrip ting facility called the Script Editor. Scripters can use this facility to write scripts, as well as to generate scripts automatically via a recording mechanism. Both Apple Computer and third parties will buiD ld on AppleScript technology to deliver additional script development tools in the future. The Script Editor occupies about 750K of memory. Scripting Additions The AppleScript language can be extended easily Enabling English@ Enhancements Environment@ Established@ Example@ Examples Expanded Extend@ Extension Falls@ Features@ File@ Files First Focus Format@ Forms@ Framed Functionality Gave@ Geometry@ Global@ Graphics Greatly@ Half@ Hartsook@ itates whole new classes of applications such as intelligent agents and smart documents. Position them to take advantage of new Apple technologies. End Users End users can use AppleScript to do the folF lowing: Automate routine or highly complex tasks. AppleScript greatly simplifies users day-to-day activities by automating two major classes of computing tasks: routine operations, such as making backups, a complementary DAL script would do the job of placing that data directly into a mainframe database application. Other scripting systems can work smoothly within the OSA. Each script is tagged with a creaJ tor code that identifies the scripting system with which it was written. The corresponding scripting component is loaded when the system is told to run the script. Further Reading AppleScript Getting Sta Identified Identifying Illustrate Implemented AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech Articleting System Structure AppleScript is built upon an interapplication messaging system called Apple events. Simply put, Apple events are the medium through which AppleScript directs applications to performB tasks. When you write a script, you write a set of statements in the Script Editor. When you run the script, the Script Editor sends these statements to the AppleScript extension, which interprets the statemW AppleScript htVars Solutions Somehow Something Sometimes Somewhat Southeast Space Spaces Spacing Spanish Spatial Special Specialized Specifiable Specific ments for assigning values for variables, and subroutines for creating user-defined commands. The Macintosh operating system itself exposes system objects and commands for scripting just like any other applicaF tion. Examples of system objects include files, applications, computers, and AppleTalk zones. This allows scripts to manipulate objects in the Macintosh desktop. Localization In addition to English, AppleS Enabling Encloses Enclosures Encode Encoding Encourage Encryption Encyclopedias Ending Engage Engine Engineer-ing Engineering Enough Ensure Ensures Ensuring Enter Entered Entering Enterprise Entertainment Entire Entirely Entity Entries Entry Entry-level , applications can get sophisticated linguistic and layout behavior without having to specify parameters to control it and without having to include code to implement it. 3b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography ickDraw GX layout routines. Unicode Reordering Model One-to-one Open-ended Operate Operation Oppositely Applescript Applescript's Applescript-capable Appleshare Appletalk Application Application's Applications Applied Apply Applying Appointments Approach Approaches Appropriate Meaning Meaningful Means Measured Measurement Mechanism Media Media-rich Medium Meeting Meets Megabytes Memory Memos Menus Merely Message Message-based Context-sensitive Contextual Control CorrectEnd Example Features Manipulation Manner Manual Manually Manuals Mapped Mapping Mappings Margins Markers Market Markets Marks Master Match Matched Matches Matching Material Mathematics Matrix Matter Matthew Maximum Delivers Delivery Demand Demanding Demands Demibold Demonstrate Demonstrated Demonstrates Deneba Department Departmental Depend Depending epends Depiction Deploy Depth Derived Derives Descenders Descent Describe Described Describes Click Clicking Clicks Client Client-side Client/server Clients Clockwise Close Closed Closedframefill Closer Closest Codes Coexist Coincides Collection Collections Color Color-capable Colored Colors Colorsync Combination Interaction Interactive Interactively Interacts Interapplication Intercept Intercepting Interchange Interchanging Intercharacter Interested Interface ript automatically displays that script in the default language of the machine s system so unction Consistent Consultants Contents AppleScript AppleScript Enabling Powerful Scripting Solutions Tech Article AppleScript Tech Article ch Article AppleScript Contents Introducing AppleScript Technology AppleScript User Advantages Scripters Commercial Developers End Users Elements of AppleScript Technology Natural Vocabulary Applise ferent highlighting appearances due to differences in their structures, such as Finder windows and text document windows. The Drag Manager provides some utilities for simple highlighting, while more complex higL hlighting must be handled by the application. If an icon represents a system service, such as a mailbox or printer, the drop feedback should be followed by some indication that the service is being delivered. Dragged Dragging Drawing Dropped Finder Flavor Flavors Onets b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Articlee GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics ViewDevice A viewDevice describes the clip, mapping, and color space associated with a physical device, such as a monitor. The mapping describes the viewDevice s position in global space. The color space specihape Shape's Shapes Shared Single Something Space Special Specifies Specify Start Straight Stream Structure Style Supported Their Therettle Location Macdraw Macintosh Makes Managerns Containers Containing Contains Contender Contenders Content Contents Context Context-sensitive Contexts Contextual Continue Coordinates Copied Copy-and-paste Copying Copyright Corner Corners Corporate to another. The technique of dragging is a multistep process. It is accomplished by positioning the mouse pointer over an object and pressing the mouse button, moving the mouse to a new position, and then releH asing the mouse button. Dragging can have different effects depending on what s under the pointer when the mouse button is pressed and when it is released. Classic examples include dragging files in the Find Interface International Interprets Introduced ging graphic items is limited to a single window. For example, MacDraw objects can be dragged to another location in the same window, but not to another MacDraw window. Using the Drag Manager eliminates theseH limitations and allows you to drag any content from any window to any other window that accepts that content type. Feedback Guidelines Generally, drag feedback should include one or more dotted outlines, an What's While Window Windows Within GX Graphics Something Space Special Specifies Specify Start Straight Stream Structure Style Supported Their There and the same bitmap may be shared by both. The ink associated with the bitmap dH escribes its colors the color associated with each pixel value through either an indexed color space or a single component algorithmic color space. Bitmaps may describe patterns, but may not be patterned. Bitm Thumbnails Window Windows Would 8b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Articlee GX Graphics Tech Article All print drivers need to be updated under QuickDraw GX. The new print architecture is based entirely on the new GX graphic objects. Although, applications that don t use QuickDraw GX will s l of the straight lines in a CAD or Adobe Opening Operated Refer Referencesipting AppleScript Tech Articlee AppleScript Tech Article ragged from an application to the desktop, the Finder creates a clipping that contains the data in the dragged item. Clippings are similar to sound, font, and edition files; they are not owneB d by any particular application. If discontinuous selections are dragged from a source to the Finder, a separate clipping is created for each item. The Finder icons for clippings can be thumbnails (small pic creases Individual Innovative system will not only run as intended, it will display in the Japanese dialect. The Basics The first step in creating any script no matter how simple or complex is to open an AppleScript-capable script editorJ . Using Apple s own Script Editor, you simply type the text of the script into the Script Editor window. Next, you compile the script by clicking the Check Syntax or Run buttons. Compiling a script converts erators Opportunities Organizing Other Packages Paragraphs and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. , registered in the U.S. and other countries. AppleScript, KanjiTalk, and System 7 are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. acing that data directly into a mainframe database application. Other scripting systems can work smoothly within the OSA. Each script is tagged with a Tools Version Which Write pplication category. The results are published in a book called the Apple Events Registry (available from APDA). AppleScript Components AppleScript technology is composed of the following components: ing any of today s applications. More Sophisticated Typography Macintosh gave many users their first opportunity to work with high-quality type. This helped make their written work more readable and effectiveE . Many Macintosh users are now demanding even better typography from their applications, and they want it to be even easier to work with type. Applications that work with QuickDraw GX will satisfy both of these arencies Transparent Truetype Trying Typeface Typefaces reate a file, called a portable digital document, that can be opened, viewed, and printed from any other Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed. Even if the other Macintosh doesn t have the same application orC typefaces that were used to create the document, the file will retain all of the graphics and typographic information of the original document. No new software is required; portable documents can be created us Defined Defines Depending Describe Described Describes organizing files, accessing mainframes, and downloading e-mail; and operations that are complex enough to be difficult to remember and repeat. Customize Macintosh systems. AppleScript can save time and reducH e user errors by allowing users to customize their systems based on how they work and their individual preferences. Elements of AppleScript Technology Natural Vocabulary AppleScript features a natural syntax Words Working Would Write Written Zones raphics can also be moved from a document or application onto the desktop (the Finder) to be saved as a Clippings file, which can be later dropped into a document. For example, a mailing address or company logDdo can be saved as a Clippings file and dropped into any document whenever and wherever it is needed. Latter Macintosh Manipulate Needing Opendoc Provides Standard Switch Third-party Today Types Using Without cation Dictionaries Commands and Objects Localization The Basics Scripting System Structure Opening Scripting Architecture Object Model Event Suites AppleScript Components AppleScript Extension Script Editor Scripting Additions Alternate Scripting Components Further Reading Copyright 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, APDA, AppleTalk, Which Write Availability Avoid Basic Because Before Begins Behavior Being Below Between Beyond Bitmaps Blocks Boundaries Boundary Dotted Dragging Easier Effects Either Entire Environment Events Examples Expand Extend Faster Files Finder Flexibility Found Fundamental Graphic Highest However Improvement Include Interact Interapplication Interface Introduction Lacks Little Location Macdraw Macintosh C2s a registered trademark of Claris Corporation. Apple Events Applescript Applescript Implemented Power Applescript Itself Provide Benefits Using Applescript Features Applescript Applescript Minimum Configuration Applescript Manager Managersns While White Whole Whose Wide-ranging Widely Wider Williams Windingnumberfill Window Windows Windows-based jects AppleScript is a dynamic, object-oriented script language. At its heart is the ability to send messages (commands) to objects in applications. These objects, which are familiar things such as words or NUparagraphs in a text-editing application, respond to commands by performing actions. t specific niche market needs. Open market opportunities for new classes of applications. AppleScript facil defined Users Using Value Values Variables Variety Verbs Double-clicking Double-clicks formance levels, to put the PowerBook to sleep, and to set sound output levels. How It Works The PowerBook Control Strip is a system extension (INIT) that provides the operatiF ng environment for control strip modules. It runs on any Macintosh computer with System 7.0 or later. The PowerBook Control Strip is implemented in a private layer that appears in front of the windows in all mobil Their Applica Quickdraw Directorypt Infobase Manager Mobility Typography ilar, the drag-and-drop technique using the Drag Manager does not use the Clipboard. There are situations where drag and drop is so intrinsic to an application that there is no suitable alternative. For exampH le, dragging icons in the Finder is such a basic operation that there are no other methods to accomplish the same task. When drag-and-drop sequences take place, your application needs to determine whether to m Operationsamming Repeat Repeated Running Script h corner. The rectangle can be filled when drawn. Polygons A polygon defines a single contour, or a series of connected points. The polygon can describe any positive number of points, including zero. A polygF on describes the number of points and the points themselves, but does not describe the lines connecting those points. Specifically, it does not define whether the last point is connected to the first point. Adobe Major Manager Methods Model Modeless Moveg Programming Programs Promise Promised Promotes Prompts Proper Properly Properties Property Proportional Proportionally Proportions Proprietary Protected Protecting Protection Protocol Protocol/internet Protocols Proven Provide Provided Other Others Outlined Outlines Output Outset Outside Outward Overall Might Migrate Migration Milestone Millimeters Million Millions Moved Movement Moves Moving Multiple Multistep Named Names Naming Natural Needs Network Niche Niches Noted Number Object Introducing Introduction Introductionfitting Intuitive Inversefill Invert Investing Investment Investments Invited Invoked Itself January Japanese Jurisdictions Kanjitalk Lacks Language Large However Human Hundreds Hypercard Hypercard's Hyphen Ibm's Icons Ideal Identical Identification Identified Identifier Identifies Identify Extend Extended Extending Extends Extensibility Extensible Extension Following Forecast Format Forms Freed Front Functionality Functions Fundamental Further Future Generate Getting Gives Graphical Greatly Guide Downloading Downward Dozens Draft Drafts Drag-and-drop Dragged Dragging Drags Draining Dramatic Drawing Drawn Easily Easy-to-implement Edged Edges Edited Editing Edition Editor Effect Data-driven Database Decide Decides Decisions Decrease Deeper Default Define Defined Defines Defining Definition Degree Degrees Delete Deleted Deleting Deletion Compiled Compiling Complement Complementary Complete Completed Completely Completion Complex Complexities Complexity Compliance Compliant Complicated Compo-nent Component Components Creative Creator Custom Customize Because Become Becomes Becoming Certain Changing Characteristics Check Checks Class Classes Click Clicking Close Command Commands Apple Apple's Appleevents Appleguide Applemail Applescript Available Average Back-up Backups Based Basics Basis ments faster and makes data more accessible and easier to change. Dragging is used to select blocks of text, to choose a menu item, to select a range of objects, to move an icon or other object from one placF e to another, and to shrink or expand an object. Drag is a fundamental skill used for manipulating objects in the Macintosh operating system environment. It is used to move a selected object from one location System-defined Technique Textedit Theire gging a more pervasive and powerful feature of the Macintosh by allowing dragging in more applications, between applications, and to and from the Finder. This improvement is achieved using the Drag Manager. e Drag Manager is a convention and a collection of system software services that includes traps, data structures, and human interface recommendations. This promotes dragging data within and across applications Integrate Integration Integrators Intelligent Intended! ocation. An application can restrict an object from being moved past certain boundaries, such as the edges of a window. In this case, if you move the pointer outside the boundaries, the application stops drL awing the dotted outline of the object. If you release the mouse button while the pointer is outside the boundaries, the object remains in its original location and doesn t move. If you move the pointer back endations Rectangles Redraws Refer Reference Referencessources MUrogrammer s Guide for the Drag Manager 2. Drag and Drop Human Interface Guidelines Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech Article s a move operation (that is, cut and paste). To specify a copy operation within the same container, use the O Application Application's Applications Applied Appropriateramming Applescript Article Graphics Overview Quickdraw Without World's Worlds Worldscript Worldwide Worrying Would Write Writing Written You're Zones tream kerning table can be set up to automatically shift digits relative to the baseline. (That is, either a fraction can be predrawn or created from putting together the subelements of the fraction from the exN isting characters in the font.) Vertical substitution is a kind of swash variation in which a given glyph code will be replaced by an alternate form in a vertical line. (Note: this is not the same as rotating Order Ordered Ordering Others Outline tScript font management,are provided as standard objects under QuickDraw GX, developers can quickly build printer drivers for existing and new output devices, resulting in Macintosh support for an even greaterO range of output devices. QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Toding Publishing Quickdrawhreen rted Guide, E.T.O. #14 AppleScript White Paper, ARPL CD, January 1994 AppleScript Q&A, ARPL CD, January 1994 AppleScript Overview Presentation, ARPL CD, January 1994 a simple script edi Trademarks Tradition Traditional Traditionally Traffic Trailing Training Tran-sistors Transact Transfer Transform Transformation Transformations Transformed Transforms Transistors Translate Translated Translates Translation Translations Translator Translators Transmission cur either automatically via tables in fonts, or can be manually specified within an application. Positioning Control Positioning control refers to both manual and automatic overrides to the natural glyph pD ositioning that is purely based on each glyph s advance width. Manual control refers to those positional overrides specified by an application. Automatic control refers to those positioning overrides that come Roman Routines Script Scripts Simple Somestor Oyigger a script every time you save a file. The triggered script could then save a back-up copy of the file on a server. Vocabulary Which Whole Widespread Window Words Could Creator Database Databases Define Defined result window. Open Scripting Architecture GX Typography QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Article Ordering Otherd , there are three ways to run it: To run a script in the Script Editor, simply click the Run button in the Script Editor window. To run a script on the desktop, either double-click the script application N icon or drop a file onto it. To trigger a script in an AppleScript-aware commercial application, simply perform an action to which a script has been attached. A database application, for instance, might tr derstood Uniform Universal User-defined Userss Limited Locationther Elaborate Elements Eliminates Enabling Enhancedibility Found Fundamental Gives Graphic Hidden Highest However Human Improvement Include Includes Interact Interapplication Interface Introduction Intuitive Lacks Levels Little Location Macdraw Macintosh Makesaware Drag and Drop Drag and Drop Tech Article R and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop` Contents Preface / iii Introduction / 1 Drag and Drop Overview / 3 The Drag Manager / 3 The Interaction Model / 5 Drag Manager Operations / 8 Summary / 10 Requirements / 11 References / 11 Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop The Drag Manager also provides interapplication drag and drop services because it s important to know where the drag starts and ends. The application where the drag starts is called the sender. Any applicatioB n that the item is dragged over is a potential receiver of the drag; the application that the dragged object is dropped into is the actual receiver. In a drag situation, the drag receiver could be the same app idelines Respond Result Results Revenue Runss Manager The Drag Manager is a toolbox manager that implements inter- and intra-application dragging of data. It includes traps, data structures, and human interface recommendations. It is not designed to be C a stand-alone packaged unit. It is used instead by applications and system software to implement drag and drop. It is designed to be included in the next and subsequent system software reference releases. It Support Supports Survey System System-defined Technique Textr Rectangles Rectangles are defined by two points that define opposing corners of a rectangle. By convention, these two points are the upper-left and lower-right corners of the rectangle. Note that corrB esponds to the first point s x position, top commands to the first point s y position, and so on. Rectangle parameters may specify any corner point first; rectangles returned by routines will always specify the angle Types Unaltered Union Unused Upper Upper-leftce cript supports a variety of international dialects, easily and transparently. Compiled scripts are stored in a dialect-independent format called Universal AppleScript. When a script editor displays a stored H script, AppleScript automatically displays that script in the default language of the machine s system software. A script written and compiled in English and opened on a machine running the KanjiTalk operating it from a form that people can understand (for example, text) to Universal AppleScript. During the compilation process, AppleScript checks the script to make sure that its syntax (the arrangement of words inL each statement) is correct. It also checks the vocabulary to make sure that the words in each statement are understood by the application (or applications) that the script controls. Once a script is compiled rstood Uniform Unique Universal User-defined Users Ascent Ascii Asian Asked Aspects Assembly-language Assets Assigned Assigning Assignment Assigns Assist Assistance Assumed Assumes Assuming Assumption t line An imaginary horizontal line that usually corresponds with the bottoms of the descenders (lower extension of characters like ). The descent line is the same distance from the baseline for all D glyphs in the font. Display order The order in which glyphs in a line of text are displayed. Display order is not necessarily the same as input order. A collection of glyphs that usually has some element Visual Which Whole Within Would the Clipboard window. You cannot select, copy, or edit any of the contents in these windows. To use data from the clippings file, you must drag the file into another application window. Summary The major stF eps of the drag-and-drop interaction model parallel a copy-and-paste sequence, where you select an item, choose the Copy command, specify a destination, and choose the Paste command. Although the process is sim Object Objects One-pixel Operation Operationsarer Desktop Desktop--check Desktops Despooled Despooling Destination Destinations Detail Detailed Details Detect Determination Device Device-independent Devices Dialect Dialect-independent Dialects Dialog Dialogs tring, they will not appear in the resulting layout. Vertical Text Support QuickDraw GX is capable of handling vertical text (for example, languages such as Chinese, Japanese, or Mongolian), including verticJ al text that has horizontal insertions. Rather than having to synthesize vertical metrics from possibly unrelated horizontal metrics and line height information, TrueType GX fonts and QuickDraw GX support true Arabic Assuming Attach Attachment Attachmentsuming es for use of their routines or to share their data structures. Primary connections for the Drag Manager are QuickDraw, and the Process, Memory and Event Managers. Secondary relevances are HFS, Packages, TextEdG it, AppleEvents, Windows Manager, and Toolbox utilities. Drag Manager Routines The Drag Manager incorporates some new routines to support the drag process; they are used when a user moves a selected object f Stands Starts Stops Structures Styled Subscribe Subsequent Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop is created by dragging a piece of data from the active window. Simplifies Simplify Simply Single Smaller Smart Softwarer Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech ArticleArticlents Introduction Drag and Drop Overview The Drag Manager The Interaction Model Drag Manager Operations Summary Requirements References CopyrB ight 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw i bleTypes rom one location to another. The new routines are drag items, drag flavors, tracking handler, and receive handler. Drag Items Drag items are the selected objects that a you drag. For example, if you select I and drag three files, you re dragging three different drag items. Drag Flavors Drag flavors describe the kind of data that a drag item contains. When you drag an item to an application window, the receiving Power Powerful Precisely Preferences Print Process Processor in a window. Each window has a tracking handler and receive handler installed for it, though several windows may use the same handler. When you initialize an application or open a new window, you call the DraOHg Manager to install the application's drag handler callback routines. the Finder, a separate clipping is created for each item. The Finder icons for clippings can be thumbnails (small pictur unction Consistent Consultants Contents application must determine whether it can accept the data in the drag item. Each item can have more than one flavor, because data can usually be described in more than one format or data type. For example, yoK u can describe text data as ASCII data, styled text data, or RTF interchange format. If a program can t accept the more elaborate RTF format, it may be able to use the plain ASCII text. The Drag Manager uses ngwer Powerful Precisely Preferences Print Problems Processessors a four-character ResType to identify a flavor. Drag Handlers The Drag Manager uses an application s drag handlers to provide dragging feedback and to complete a drag. There are two types of drag handlers: tM racking handlers and receive handlers. A tracking handler is called while an item is being dragged over an application s windows; a receive handler is called when you release the mouse button to drop the item When an item is dragged from an application to the desktop, the Finder creates a clipping that contains the data in the dragged item. Clippings are similar to sound, font, and edition files; they are not owned B by any particular application. If discontinuous selections are dragged from a source to the Finder, a separate clipping is created for each item. The Finder icons for clippings can be thumbnails (small pictu Position Possibilities Power Powerful Precisely Process Corporation Corporation's Correct Correctly Correspond Correspondence Corresponding Corresponds Cost-effective Costly Costs Could Count Counter Countries Couple Course Covers Create also could be licensed as a system extension to developers who need it for products running on earlier versions of system software. Relation To Other System Resources The Drag Manager is not an entity that sE tands alone. Operationally, the Drag Manager depends on a number of other toolbox and operating system utilities and has an established relevance to those resources. The Drag Manager can depend on these resourc Promotes Provide Provides Publish Quick Quickdraw Range Receive ove or copy the dragged item after it is dropped on a destination. The actual behavior depends on the context of the drag-and-drop operation, as described below. In general, if the source and destination are iJ n the same container (for example, a window or a volume), a drag-and-drop sequence is interpreted as a move operation (that is, cut and paste). To specify a copy operation within the same container, use the Opt ities Where While Window Windows nd trailing parameters Rather than always assuming a 50-50 split in distribution of the gap within a given glyph, separate specification of values for the leading and trailing edges of a glyph is allowed. HowevL er, no adjustment at the extreme edges of a line is performed. Unlimited gap priority Any run can have unlimited gap assigned to it at the application s discretion. As soon as QuickDraw GX sees that run, it Loosen Loosened Lower Lowest Manual Manuallylude res that resemble the dragged data) or system-defined icons for TEXT and PICT. When clippings are created, each is given a default name. For example, if you have a clipping named text clipping, a subsequentD clipping placed in the same destination would be named text clipping 2 to avoid a naming conflict. You can open clippings in the Finder and view a representation of the data in a modeless window, similar to Event Example Feedback Finderds Universal Updating QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article cture extension adds a panel to the Print dialog box to allow you to select a picture file to use. You can choose not to have a background picture or can select a file. This extension overr Printing Supportedtialse ion key when dragging. If two different containers are involved, a copy operation (that is, copy and paste) is executed as the default action. Requirements The Drag Manager is currently packaged as a system sL oftware extension that can be licensed for integration into applications. Drag Manager requires System 7. References For in-depth understanding of the Drag Manager, refer to the following publications: 1. P Drag and Drop Tech Articlee Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop egistered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw is a registered trademark of Claris C Corporation. Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop rsgram Programmer's Promotes Properties Provide Provides Providing Publications Publish Quick Quickdrawcts Programs Promiseify pport all these features resides in QuickDraw GX and within the fonts themselves. Applications that support QuickDraw GX and use TrueType GX fonts can rely on the imaging system to implement this new feature-rE ich typographical environment without having to be concerned with the details of how the type is displayed. QuickDraw GX treats text as a set of characters that can be displayed and edited and as a graphic obj acking Transformationspon Urdu-like Userines Sameur &A:What are the system requirements for running QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GX Currently we expect QuickDraw GX to require System 7.1 or greater, an additional 2 Mbytes of RAM to accommodate it during peak processing periods (such as extensive background printing while providing applicatiBLon support in the foreground) and a 68020 or greater processor or Power Mac. Appearance Appearances Appears Apple Appleevents Application Application's Applications Ascii Direction@ Directly@ Directs@ Disks@ Distinct@ Distributed Divided@ Documents Doing Double-clicking@ Down@ Downloading@ Drawn Easier Education@ Effect Effects Electronically Emerge@ Closedframefill Collection Color Colors Commands Commons Difference Different Directly Disrupting Dithering Document Drawn Easy-to-implement Edged Edited Empty EndingampleIn ,A0Will Drag and Drop run with System 7.1. and 7.0?E Drag and DropH Yes.W -A:Why isn't QuickTime 2.0 part of this release (System 7.5)?roughout Thumbnails Toolbox Tracking Traps Types Understanding Useful User-visible Using Usually Utilities Versions Volume Where Whether While Window Windows Within Without Would You're Yourppears Apple Appleevents Application Application's Applications Ascii fined in the Macintosh set (code $DA), a font manufacturer can set up a font table that, for example, recognizes strings of the type digits, fraction, digits. Several choices can then be made, depending on thL e glyph repertoire; for example, a one-half glyph may be predrawn and in the font. If there is not a predrawn form, then smaller superscript and subscript swash digit glyphs can be substituted, or a cross-s Designates Designed Detail Different Digit Digitsiesong olorSync color management technology. Powerful type and text capabilities that, in conjunction with updated or new applications, enable the display and printing of any typeface in any of the world s myriad sL cript systems. Tools for developers that will result in new applications that offer greater sophistication in graphics, type, and printing. Simplified and More Powerful Printing QuickDraw GX makes Macintos lutions Result Resulting Retaincaling Scanners ScreengleOnen incorporate graphics functionality rotation, stretching, skewing, drawing, and other features into a broader range of applications than ever before. QuickDraw GX applications can also be much smaller than comM parable applications are today, requiring considerably less RAM and hard disk space. And they will be easier and faster to develop. Because major print functions,including background printing, dialogs, and Pos Technology Tedious Their These space to its pixel-measured device space. Adding that to the shape s 1600, 1300 global space coordinates puts the shape at 200, 100 in device space, where it can be displayed. Applications normally work in loO4cal space and the transform space within a viewPort. 5b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics Mapping Marketsoreiewr ect that can be colored, rotated, and manipulated like any other graphic object. Some of the specific typographical capabilities of QuickDraw GX are: Creation of layouts from descriptions of text, styles, aG nd other information Automatic creation of contextual forms and ligatures Manual and automatic kerning, tracking, and letter spacing Sophisticated justification with support for Arabic kashidas Hit electors Simply Slightly Small Smaller Specialdstic Many of the features of QuickDraw GX, such as improved printing and portable document technology, are available to users immediately. Other features, such as advanced type and graphics, will require develoK pers to build those features into new QuickDraw GX-compatible applications. Improved Tools for Developers By providing a sophisticated set of system-level graphics routines, QuickDraw GX allows developers to Technology Their These ToInstanceles uAWWhat will AppleScript allow users to do that they can't do today with a macro language?eved Across Action Active Actual Address Addresses After Allowing Allows Alone Alternative Although Another Anything Appearance Appearances Appears Apple Appleevents Application Application's Applications Ascii Atrface Intra-application Introduction Intuitive Lacks Levels Licensed Little Location Macdraw Macintosh Makes Manager 1b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article of Contents Introduction Characters, Glyphs, and Codes Character Properties String and String Ordering Fonts Font Families Extended Styles Style VariationsB Font Files Font Names Open Font Architecture Line Layout Features Glyph Appearance Automatic Ligatures and Contextual Forms Automatic Fractions ines GX Graphics QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article 99b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article A#QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article Files GA]I have heard there is a Power Macintosh native version of QuickDraw GX, will it be available?E QuickDraw GXHrYes. A native version of QuickDraw GX will be installed on Power Macintoshs during the QuickDraw GX installation.W HSingle Situation Situations Small Software Sound Source Specified Specify Stand-alone Stands Starts Steps Structures Styleding Appearance Appearances Appears Apple Appleevents Application Application's Applications Ascii AtUsedfy nting the caret or providing highlighting areas with slanted sides. QuickDraw GX supports this capability by using data present in TrueType GX fonts that identifies the intrinsic font angle. Permits Points Feature Feature-by-feature Features Figureng Recognizes Recognizing Recommendations Reconciling Reconfiguration Reconnect Reconnected Record Recordability Recorded Recording Rectangle Rectangles Rectangular Recycled Recycling Redesign Redesigned Themselves There These Though Times Truetype Uniform Unrelated Usually Various Vertical Vowel Which Within Without Alignment Allocation Allow Allowed Allowing Allows Almost Alone Along Alongside Alpha Already top-left corner first. Rectangles may be filled or framed when drawn. The fill type closedFrameFill specifies that the geometry is framed and closed; that is, the first point specifies both the beginning and D the end of the frame. For the purpose of dashing, rectangles begin at the upper-left corner and proceed clockwise. Rectangles have no start or end as far as line caps are concerned, and they have a join at eac naltered Union Unused Upper Upper-leftications Ascii rious styles applied to create framed, dashed, patterned, and filled shapes. Simplified printing and print management via a new, customizable print architecture and user interface. The capability to creatJ portable documents from any application, allowing other users to print and view documents without having the original application or fonts. Consistent color between scanners, displays, and printers via C Off-screen On-screen On-the-curve Opens ulty has been in trying to get the onscreen colors to match the colors produced on a variety of color output devices. For example, a businessperson might have to redesign an entire presentation when she sees tC hat the contrast between the text and the background color is not nearly as great on the transparencies as it is on the screen. Or a graphic designer might have to rework a design when the colors in a corporate dwide ectly Displayed Diverge Empty Endingsed s will work alongside QuickDraw GX and be able to take advantage of many of the printing enhancements it provides. Revised and newly-designed applications will take full advantage of QuickDraw GX color, type, aI nd graphics. QuickDraw GX runs on 68020, 68030, or 68040 Macintosh systems and is also optimized for the PowerPC chip, allowing applications to access the greater speed and performance of the PowerPC technolo Printers Printing Provides Providing Publishing Quickdraw Gx-compatible Gx-savvy Gxcountpages Gxdespoolpage Gxopenconnection Gxrasterlinefeed Gxspoolpage Halfway Handle Handled Handler Handlers Handles Handling Hanging Happen Happens Hard-wired Hardware Hardware-independent Characteristics Characterized Characters Charge Charged Charging Check Checks Chicago Chief Chinese Chip's Chips Chooser Choosing Chosen Circling Circulating Cisc-based Claris Clarisworks Class Classes Classic Cleaning Clear continuous curve identical to the quadratic B zier defined earlier. When two consecutive points are off the curve, they imply a point on the curve, halfway between them. Like polygons, paths may have more thN an one contour. For example, some outline characters, such as the letter O, have two contours. Also, like polygons, there are different functions to fill in a path. Paths, like polygons, may have zero or more ually Evolve Example Existing Extent Features Filled Finally b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies Displays Distinguish Document Documents Double-click Driver Errors Example Exchange Extension Feeder Files Finder Fonts Foreground Gxdespoolpage Having Includes Including Interface Laser Likea particular printer. This includes other user Printing hieve Addition Adobe Adobe's Advanced Advantage Allhave QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Contents Introduction Simplified and More Powerful Printing Portable Documents More Sophisticated Typography Consistent and Predictable Color Matching Compatibility Improved TB ools for Developers Technical Issues Copyright 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the fies the set of colors the viewDevice is able to display. A shape, when drawn, is affected by the clip and mapping of the transform, viewPort and viewDevice. ViewGroup Finally, a viewGroup describes an imaginC g world, for instance the off-screen and on-screen worlds. A viewGroup defines the global space in which viewPorts and viewDevices are located. Multiple viewGroups allow viewPorts or viewDevices to share the sa Stored Straight Stream Structure Structures Style dialog box appears in QuickDraw GX-compatible applications to allow you to select among multiple desktop printers without having to access the Chooser. A desktop printer icon behaves much like a file server orP other network device icon. Double-click on a printer icon, and a print queue status window appears. You can decide to reorder the print queue or postpone a print job simply by dragging document icons to a new These Third Though Three Together demands. QuickDraw GX raises the standards of type and document composition, making typographic excellence the standard, not the exception. This is because QuickDraw GX automates much of the typographic proceG ss. Users who work extensively with type will no longer have to determine the proper kerning and justification for a particular block of type, or remember to select special characters (such as ligatures) when t nframefill Operation e constructed from graphic objects: shapes, styles, transforms, inks, color spaces, viewPorts, viewDevices, and viewGroups. All graphics objects may be created, edited, and deleted. They may be flattened into aPM stream of publicly defined opcodes and data, copied, and paged out to disk. 3b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article versing ickDraw GX must be made through a procedural call. These QuickDraw GX features resolve many of the limitations with QuickDraw. QuickDraw is a bit image, resolution-dependent graphic system. Since many applicatL ions write directly to the data structures, there have been numerous compatibility issues. In addition, support for PostScript was added on after QuickDraw was designed, and there is no built-in support for vec Until Upper Upper-left Upper-left-hand Upside tains a pointer to the pixels used to draw. Local space has no metrics; the geometric structures of a shape are determined only in relation to the shape and to each other. A viewPort contains the mapping usG ed to convert from local space to the viewGroup s global space, and a viewDevice contains the mapping used to convert from global space to device space. Once transformed by their shape transforms, all shapes w ithin a viewPort are in the fixed point space of that viewPort. Once transformed by the viewPort s transform, shapes are in the global space of a viewGroup. When transformed by a viewDevice s transform, a shapeI is positioned in device space. To understand the transition between the various spaces, you can follow a simple shape from its local coordinates outward to global space and then inward until it is located in eplace Resolution Resolution-dependent Resolve e of the viewGroup. Two viewDevices have their origins at 800, 1000 and 1400, 1200, also in the global space of the viewGroup. The shape s geometry and the two transforms added together put the shape at 1600, M 1300 in global space. One viewDevice has its origin at 800, 1000; its width extends to 1400. The second viewDevice begins at 1400, 1200 and contains some of the shape. That viewDevice s transform maps global Eventually Evolve Exampleware However Image Images device space. The shape is a rectangle, defined in local coordinates by points at 300, 400 and 600, 1000. This shape s transform translates the shape s position by +100 in both the x and y coordinates, placing K the shape s origin at 400, 500 in the viewPort. There are no metric assigned to the coordinates. Global coordinate space is defined by the viewGroup. The viewPort has its origin at 1200, 800 in the global spac Markets Matched Matching Mathematics contours containing zero or more points. For each contour, the control bit array should contain 1 bit per point, packed 32 bits per long. Thus, a contour with 1 to 32 points requires 1 long, and a contour with PJ33 to 64 requires 2 longs. The unused bits do not need to be initialized. 7b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics 1b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Articlee GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics Table of Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1 Graphic Objects 3 Shape 3 Style 5 Transform 6 Ink 7 Color Space 7 ViewPort 8 ViewDevice 8 ViewPort 8 ViewDevice 8 tion. Pictures Pictures, like all shapes, can be edited and parsed. Pictures are lists of entries, where any entry may be a shape, including another picture. Pictures may be created from an array of shapes L or by creating an empty picture and then adding shapes one at a time. Shapes can be appended to, inserted into, or extracted from a picture. Pictures have no public data structure, but their contents can be fla Start Straight Structure Suchotal Toward Types he union of two polygons. Paths Contours can have curved segments; when they do, they are called paths. A path is identical to a polygon, except that it has an array of bits that specify when a vector point iL s on the path or off the path. Two consecutive points on the path form a straight line. A point off the path causes the path to diverge toward that point and then back to the next point on the path in a smooth, Evolve Example Exist Existing Extends Extent Featuresd Specifies Specify Specifying Spinning Split Splitting Spoken Spool Spooled Spooling Spools Sports Spreadsheet Spreadsheets Stable Stacks Stage Stamp Stand-alone Standard Standardized Standards Stands Start Started Starting Starts State ation about how to draw characters on the screen. However, screen fonts are best shown at their predefined point size on a 72-dot-per-inch (dpi) output device. Attempting to change the font size or draw to a diH fferent resolution device can result in rough edged characters. This problem does not happen with TrueType fonts because they are based on curves. QuickDraw GX was designed with various output devices in mind or more points. The contour count, point count, and points for each contour are referenced sequentially to define the entire polygons structure. The number of points in any contour is restricted to 32767, andJ the number of contours is restricted to 32767. Thus, the total number of points in any one polygon structure is restricted to 1,073,676,289. Polygons can be used to describe a grid of lines, or the result of t Windows Within Without World Worlds he fills openFrameFill and closedFrameFill define whether a polygon they describe an is open or closed frame. A polygon may be filled with evenOddFill, windingNumberFill, or inverseFill fill types . WindingNumH berFill is a different way to describe what part of the area is inside the polygon. InverseFill describes everything outside of the polygon. Polygons describe zero or more contours; each contour describes zero . It supports raster, PostScript , and vector (for example, plotter) devices. There are also many built-in features, such as halftoning and dithering, to produce the best image for an output device. All data sJ tructures are private, so that the graphics, line layout, and printing software and hardware on which they run can evolve without disrupting existing applications. Thus, any changes to data structures within Qu e picture above it, and so on. The clip shapes of the transforms are intersected at each level so that the drawing of each deeper level is contained within the previous clip A style or ink assigned to a pictuP re has no effect. Only the shape s style or ink, or the overriding style or ink, affect drawing the shape. Shapes in a picture can be drawn directly; the shape s style, ink, and transform are used. The picture Q1s objects and the overriding objects are ignored. tor devices. Nor are there any special graphic functions such as dithering. However, QuickDraw GX will not replace QuickDraw. They will work side by side. Thus, even if a user has QuickDraw GX installed, old QN uickDraw applications will still work. Graphic calls will be routed to the correct part of the graphics system, and both QuickDraw and QuickDraw GX applications can run concurrently. Graphic Objects Images ar Abilities Ability sence Abstract Accelerator Accent Accented Accept Accepts Affect Affected Affecting Affects Afford Affordable After Again Against Agency Agent Agents Agreement Aldus Alert Algorithm Algorithmic Algorithmically Alias Aliases Alignment Almost Alone Along Alongside Alpha Already Callback Called Callers Calls Can't Cancel Cannot Capabilities Capability Capable Capital Capitals Cards Cares Caret Carets Carry Carrying Describes Describing Description Descriptions Design Designates Designed Designer Designers Designs Desirable Desire Desired Desires Dialect-independent Dialects Dictionaries Dictionary Difference Differences Different Differently Difficult Dimensions Directly Directory Effect Effective Effectively Effects Environment Environments Equally Equation Equipment Equivalent Errant Error-prone Errors Escape Especially Essential Essentially Essentials Establish Excellent Except Exception Exchange Exciting Executed Execution Exist Existing Expand Expanded File's Files Filled Fills Final Finally Finance Financial Finder Finder/applescript Fine-tuned Finer Fingertips Finish Firms First Forms Forums Forward Forwarded Forwarding Forwards Found Foundation Foundations Four-character Fraction Fractions Frame Framed Graphics Greatly Guide Guidelines Handled Handler Handlers Heart Framed Framework Frameworks Freed Freedom Freeing Freely French Frequently Friends Front Fruition Frustrating Geometric-based Geometrical Geometries Geometry Geoport German Gestalt Getting Gigabytes Given Gives Giving Glimpse Gracefully Graphic Graphical Graphically Graphics Great Greater Information Informed Ingenious Inherent Initial Initialize Initialized Initially Initiate Initiates Initiatives Innovation Innovations Innovative Innovator Input Insert Inserted Insertion Insertions Largest Laser Laserwriter Later Latest Latitude Latter Launch Launcher Launcher/software Launches Layer Layers Layout Layouts Letter Letters Level Levels Licensed Ligature Ligatures Lightweight Macdraw Machine Machine's Machines Macintosh Macintosh-like Maciontosh Maclink Maclinkplus Maclinkplus/easy Managers Manages Manipulate Manipulated Manipulating Mimics Mini-application Minimal Minimize Minimum Mirroring Mission-critical Mixed Mixed-directional Mixed-mode Mixing Mobile Mobile-centric Mobility Model Modeless Models Modem Modes Modification Modified Modify Modifying Modular Module Monitor Monitors Mono-lithic Monolithic Monotone Month's Months Morphs Most-networked Motivated Mount Mouse Mouse-up Moved Movement Moves Movies Moving Ms-dos Multilingual Multimedia Multiple Multiport Notably Notebook Notebook-sized Noted Notepad Notes Nothing Notice Noticeably Notification Notified Notify Notion Novell Novell's Novice Number-one Numbers One-half penframefill Opening Operated Operating Operation Operationally Operations Operators Opportunities Opposing Option Order Organize Organized Organizing Origin Original Origins Once@ One-pixel@ Opendoc Operating Option@ Options Others Overall Overview@ Parallels@ Parts@ Pattern People Performs@ Phone Pictures@ Place Pop-up@ Position@ Postscript@ Potential Oished@ Quickdraw Raises@ Recognizes Redraws@ References@ Regard@ Remote Rendered@ Require Requires Result@ Pictures Piece Pieces Pieter Pioneered Pixel Pixel-measured Pixels Pixelsize Place Player Plotted Plotter Plotting Point Point's Pointer Points Polygon Polygons Pop-up Popular Portable Portion Portions Requires Requiring Reroute Research served Reset Resident Resides Resolution Resolution-dependent Resolution-independe Resolutions Resolve Resource Resources Respect Respective Respond Responding Response Responsibility Responsible Responsiveness Restarted Restarting Restrict Restricted Restructuring Server Server-based Servers Services Set-top Setting Settings Setup Several Sfnts Shading Shadow Shape Tagged Tailor Tailored Taken Takes Taking ologies Technology Tedious Terminology Terms Tested Testing Text-editing Textedit Tighten Tightened Tightly Tightness Time-consuming Today Today's Together Tolerance Toolbox Tools Top-left Top-side Transparently Transport Transportation Traps Trash ravel Traveling Trays Treated Treats Tremendous Trends Trial-and-error Triangle Trigger Triggered Truetype Truly Trustworthy Trying Tuned Turned Turning Tutorial Twelve Twice Upper-left-hand Uppercase Upside Upward Upwards Urdu-like Usability Usable Useful Usefulness Viewport's Viewports Virtual Virtually Visibility Visible Visual Visually Vital Vocabulary Voice Volume What's Whenever Where Whether Which Direction Directional Directionality Directions s that the geometry is framed and closed; that is, the first point specifies both the beginning andS the end of the frame. For the purpose of dashing, rectangles begin at the upper-left corner and proceed clockwise. Rectangles have no start or end as far as line caps are concerned, and they have a join at ea contours. Polygons may be used to describe a large number of lines or connected line segments; all of the straight lines in a CAD or architectural drawing could be a single polygon structure. Bitmaps A bitmapD is a collection of pixels arranged in an array. Image points to a block of memory that contains the bit image. The space for this image may be allocated by the appropriate routine or by the application. If th s may be drawn through arbitrary transforms and may be clipped by any other geometry, including another bitmap. Bitmaps can be drawn in any transfer mode; there s a collection of modes, called alpha modes, thatJ are primarily for bitmaps. Bitmaps may be transformed, either with a geometric operation, which produces a new bitmap, or with a drawing operation, which causes the bitmap to be displayed through a transforma Though Traditional Translate Translations a dual life, as both something to draw with and something to draw to. Bitmaps may be associated with both shapes and devices, and the same bitmap may be shared by both. The ink associated with the bitmap desH cribes its colors the color associated with each pixel value through either an indexed color space or a single component algorithmic color space. Bitmaps may describe patterns, but may not be patterned. Bitmap ntical Imply Including Inside Inversefill The bits corresponding to the first and last points in a contour are special because they may or may not have meaning, depending on the way the geometry is interpreted. If the geometry defines an open frame, thB ese bits must be clear. Polygons and paths may be framed or filled; each contour defines a start and end; each on-the-curve point defines a join. Polygons and paths are dashed in the order of the points in the ttened into a publicly defined data stream. Pictures can describe a hierarchy of shapes. A shape can be added to a picture any number of times, but a picture can never contain itself. It is easy to find all ofN the shapes in a picture. There is no built-in way to find all of the pictures containing a shape. Shapes are drawn using the concatenation of their transform with the picture s transform, concatenated with th Terms There Though Translate Translations e graphics routine allocates the memory, it may not be directly accessible by the application. The width and height fields specify the dimensions, in pixels, of the bit image. RowBytes specifies the interval fF rom one scan line to the next. The rowBytes field may be 1, 2, 4 or any multiple of 4 bytes. PixelSize specifies the number of bits per pixel: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 bits per pixel are supported. Bitmaps lead Imply Including Inside Inversefill affect the curvature. The curve is always contained by the triangle formed by the three points. The mid-point of the curve is halfway between the control point and the mid-point of the start and end points. 6b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics start and end cap, but no join. Curves The curve described by three points is a quadratic B zier. This curve is the same curve used to describe Apple s outline fonts. A line connecting the start point and tN he control point describes the initial direction, or tangent, of the curve. The line connecting the control point and the end point describes the final tangent. Interchanging the first and last points does not e (0,0) to correspond to the upper left corner of the viewDevice. In device coordinates, a pixel is surrounded by grid lines; the point is located on the upper left boundary of a pixel. Lines Lines are two pL oints with a direction. Reversing the start and end of a line may cause the line to behave differently when drawn. For instance, dashing begins at the start of a line. Lines are framed when drawn, and specify a Drawn Draws Drive Driven Driver Drivers Drives Driving Dropped Dropping Dual-processor Dunning During Dynamic Dynamically Easy-to-implement Edged Edges Edited Editing Edition Editor Effect als such as monitors do not have to refer to a global reference. Like the local coordinates, it can implement its own coordinates system, with the origin located in a convenient location such as the upper-left-F hand corner of the device. Geometric Structures All geometry is specified in terms of one or more x-y coordinate pairs, or points. For instance, a line has two points that define the line segment, and a recta ngle has two points that define opposing corners of the rectangles. Points define the geometry relative to the other points within the geometric structure. Points, lines, and rectangles are geometric structureH s, described by fixed-point coordinates. Additionally, geometric structures are defined for curves, polygons, paths, and bitmaps. These structures say nothing of the position, resolution, color, fill, or clippi Space Spaces Specialhickness Tolerance Transform applications. So even though there are changes occurring in the global coordinate (for example, a window and its viewPort are being moved around), the application does not have to translate all the points relatD ive to the global origin. With a constant local origin, the application does not need to know that its shapes have been moved; the system handles the translations. The device coordinate is provided so peripher ng associated with the structure. The geometric structure alone does not define how the geometric structure is drawn. Points Points are defined by two fixed-point integers. (A value of (0, 0) specifies coordiJ nate origin. The coordinate axes are upside down from traditional mathematics: x values increase to the right, y values increase going down. Thus, local coordinates mapped unaltered into device coordinates caus nformation Instanceed There Another View: Why Different Coordinate Systems? The local, global, and device coordinate spaces exist to support a multiple window and multiple monitor environment. The viewGroup s global coordinate system allB ows multiple viewPorts (which is what fills a window) a common reference point to determine where they should be placed relative to each other. The local coordinate space gives a static coordinate system for ViewDevice A viewDevice describes the clip, mapping, and color space associated with a physical device, such as a monitor. The mapping describes the viewDevice s position in global space. The color space specipeci escribes the clipping, mapping, and color space associated with a window (or a part of a window or another viewPort). The mapping describes the viewPort s position in global space. A color space defines the setN of colors that the viewPort allows. A viewPort specifies the dithering or halftones used by that window. A number of viewPorts can be arranged in a hierarchy. he width and height fields speci pace may be derived by an algorithm such as RGB, HSL, or CMYK (algorithmic color space); or it may be described by a list of colors (indexed color space). By changing the parameters that define an algorithmic cL olor space, custom color spaces can be created to reflect the way color is produced on a device. When drawn, colors are matched from one color space to another (that is, color matching). ViewPort A viewPort d tolerance. Transform operations include translate, rotate, skew, perspective, concatenate, invert, intersect, union, difference, and so on. An ink describes color and how color is applied when the shape J is drawn. Inks contain the color specification, the color space in which the color is described, and the transfer mode used to apply the color. Color Space A color space describes a set of colors. The color s ied to a shape. The clipping limits the extent of the shape, allowing only a certain portion of the shape to be seen. The mapping is a 3-by-3 matrix that defines translation, scaling, skewing, rotation, or peH rspective . The geometry within the shape may be clipped and mapped directly or clipped and mapped when the shape is drawn. The transform also describes the parts of shapes to be hit tested and the hit testing polygon shapes. A full shape covers the largest possible area. A shape contains references to other graphics objects: styles, transforms, and inks. Style A style describes how the geometry of the shape isF interpreted, for instance, the thickness of the pen, the starting and ending geometry of a line segment (start or end cap), the dash or pattern. Transform A transform describes the clipping and mapping appl int coordinate system. The coordinate system does not assume what metric (for example, inches or millimeters) defines the spacing in the system. Therefore, the images can be drawn to any resolution device, suchF as a monitor or printer, because the graphics system makes no assumptions about spacing. An analogy to this situation is the difference between screen (bitmapped) and TrueType fonts. Both fonts contain inform Shape Shape's Shaped Shapes Share Shareable Shared Shareware Sharing Sheer Sheet Sheet-feeding Shift Shifted Shifting Shifts Shipment Shipped Shipping Shopping Short Shortcomings Shows types of shapes: geometric shapes, typographic shapes, bitmap shapes, and picture shapes. The QuickDraw GX Typography document covers typographic shapes. This document provides an overview of geometric, bitmap,D and picture shapes. There are two special types of shapes: empty shapes and full shapes. Empty shapes have no geometrical information. Nothing appears when an empty shape is drawn. They can be used to build Shape A shape describes a geometry, such as a line, polygon, path, bitmap, or text, and whether the geometry is framed or filled when drawn. The shape is the most fundamental QuickDraw GX object. The geometry B is plotted in local space. A shape has attributes, such as whether it should be stored in accelerator memory if one is present. A shape can contain user data, supplied by the application. There are four basic stered in the U.S. and other countries. QuickDraw and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. 2b"QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Articlee GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics o that the drawing of each deeper level is c ViewGroup 9 Local, Global, and Device Spaces 9 Another View: Why Different Coordinate Systems? 13 Geometric Structures 14 Points 15 Lines 16 Curves 16 C Rectangles 17 Polygons 18 Paths 21 Bitmaps 24 Pictures 25 Copyright 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., regi h print functions even more powerful and convenient with no software upgrades required. QuickDraw GX allows you to display and control selected printers via printer icons on the Macintosh desktop. To print a N document, you can simply drag the file to the desired printer icon. Because multiple printer icons can appear on the desktop, you can choose to send a document to any of a number of printers. An improved print Transform Transformed Transforms Transition Translaterts Expanded Expanding Expands Expect Expected Expects Experience Expert Expertise Expire Explains Explicitly Explore Explosion Exposes nging Interfering Interpreted Intersect Intersected Interval Introduction Inversefill Invert Inward Issues Itself Large Largest Layout Letter Level Limitations Limits Lines location. You can also transfer print jobs to other printers by dragging document icons to another printer icon. These print management functions replace today s Print Monitor. Further benefits come from new pR rinter extensions that can be used with existing applications. These extensions allow you to customize print output with watermarks and to print multiple pages on a single sheet. mation Looked Machine Macintosh Maintain Major RX. QuickDraw GX fully supports worldwide character sets based on international standards. QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Consistent and Predictable Color Matching s easy to create documents that contain color information most Macintosh computers have color displays and most Macintosh applications are color-capable. The difficth Pathstm Dashed Dashing . An improved print dialog box appears in QuickDraw GX-compatible applications to allow you to select among multiple desktop printers without having to access the Chooser. A desktop printQ er icon behaves much like a file server or other network device icon. Double-click on a printer icon, and a print queue status window appears. You can decide to reorder the print queue or postpone a print job s Clockwise Closed Closedframefill Collection Color Colors Commandsre One-pixel One-third One-to-one One-way Ongoing Onscreen Opcodes Open-ended Opendoc Opening Opens Operate Operated Operating Introduction The QuickDraw GX Graphics engine delivers powerful geometric resources to any Macintosh application. With QuickDraw GX as a building block, software developers will be able to revise and enhance aB pplications more quickly. The built-in, system level graphics resources provide applications with sophisticated easy-to-implement graphics and type functionality. Because much of the graphic manipulation overhe Windows Within Without World Worlds Write le from one Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed to another, and the same color matching processes will help maintain accurate color display and printout on the second machine. Compatibility Apple is commitG ted to protecting customers investment in fonts, applications, and hardware while creating a foundation for extensive new features and product development possibilities. Current Macintosh applications and font suring Environment Everything ExcellenceExistingshedg es. Because QuickDraw GX is an object-based model (shapes are the basic building block for everything) all graphic primitives can be distorted, or transformed in many ways. Rotation, perspective, skewing, and sH caling are a few of the transforms offered by the system. Colors can also be transformed to allow for transparent overlapping shapes and realistic shading effects. In addition, all of the primitives can have va Inserted Inside Instance ad is handled by QuickDraw GX, many applications may eventually be significantly smaller in size (if they are targeted for markets where QuickDraw GX is assumed to be a part of the system). Overview QuickDraD w GX is a geometric-based, resolution and device-independent graphics system. Images are described by geometric structures such as points, lines, and curves. These geometric structures are defined by a fixed-po Dictionaries Dictionary Differ Difference Differences Different Differentiate Differentiated Differentiating Differently Differing Differs Difficult igital Digitally Digits Dilemma Dimensions Diminishing Dimming Direct Applescript Article Graphics Named Names Naming Narrow Native Natural Natural-interface Naturally Neglected Network Never Newly-designed Niche Niches Non-roman Nonnetworkable Nonpositional Normally QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Portable Documents QuickDraw GX supports a new type of document file format, known as a print and view document, that facilitates the exchange of documents in electronic form. With this technology, you can cintosh developers with a powerful set of tools Location Longer Looked Machine Macintosh Maintain Major Contain Contained Container rners Correspond Corresponding Corresponds Could Count Created Creating ections within the same line. In addition, QuickDraw GX and WorldScript, Apple s system technology for international software localization, provide Macintosh developers with a powerful set of tools for the creQ ation and release of equivalent software versions worldwide. Specifically, QuickDraw GX provides support for the display and graphical manipulation of international fonts and text systems on Macintosh computers Letter Level Limits Linese Because Issues Items Itself January Japanese Jockeying logo come out differently in print than they looked on the screen. To create better color matching, QuickDraw GX incorporates Apple s ColorSync color management technology to allow color devices and applicatiE ons to input, display, exchange, and output color information consistently and predictably. It will match colors between scanners, displays, printers, and even between Macintosh systems. You can send a color fi Without World's Worldwide Involve Involved Involves Inward Irregularly Irrespective Isn't Isolate Isolation Issue Issues Large Larger Types Typical Typically Typing Typographic Typographical Typographically Typography Ultimately Umbrella Unachievable Unaltered Unattached Unavailable Uncertain Under Updated Updating Upgrade Upgrades Upper Upper-left Areas Arena Arise Around Arrange Arrangement Arrangements Array Arthur Article users to select the typefaces they want, whether in TrueType or Type 1 format. QuickDraw GX also provides extensive, system-level capabilities for the display and printing of any international text system, suO ch as Arabic or Kanji. It doesn t matter whether the text reads right to left, left to right, vertically, or some combination of the three. QuickDraw GX can even display text that combines different reading dir 3-by-3 32767 ring compatibility with all existing applications. By supporting high-resolution graphics with its Macintosh systems and LaserWriter printers, Apple started the desktop publishing revolution. With QuickDraw GXD , Apple is setting the stage for the next generation in graphics. QuickDraw GX greatly extends and expands the graphics capabilities of the Macintosh, creating a new standard for desktop graphics computing and Corners Correct Correspond Covers Created Curves Custom words. A script contains a character set, rules for displaying characters, rules for ordering characters, and rules for formatting characters. Scripts may differ in line direction, size of the character set,N and existence of contextual display abilities. Roman is the script that includes languages like English, Spanish, French, and many others. Serifs Fine lines that finish off the main strokes of a letter. Th iginal Other Partial Particular Parts Permits Point Pointsr yping. These settings and capabilities are built into QuickDraw GX fonts and are handled automatically within applications that support QuickDraw GX. TrueType GX has an extended set of glyphs that support typoI graphic features such as ligatures, swash characters, fractions, old style numerals, and small caps. Extended sets have been available previously on the Macintosh in collections called expert sets," but they r Closed Closedframefill Simplified Simplifies Simplify Simplifying Simply Single-spaced Situation Situations Sizes Sketches Skewed Skewing Skill Slanted Slanting Sleep Slightly Small Smaller Smallest Smart Smooth Smoothly reaffirming the place of Macintosh as the premier publishing platform in the personal computer industry. QuickDraw GX offers greater efficiency and power to Macintosh users by providing: Device and resolutF ion-independent graphics. Unlike QuickDraw, QuickDraw GX supports multiple resolutions and a much larger coordinate system for precise and resolution-independent imaging. Greatly enhanced graphic capabiliti Macintosh Makes Manipulation Mapped MappingNot equired multiple fonts and tedious mixing of font selection in order to achieve desired effects. QuickDraw GX provides support for context-sensitive substitution of the glyph used to represent a character, or cK haracters, based on its position within a word or line of text. The capabilities listed above require extended fonts, with extra glyphs, kerning information, ligature tables, and so on. New fonts can also supp Extends Extent Field Fields Filled Fillsng Redraws Reduce Reduced Reducing Reduction Refer Reference Referenced Rectangle Rectangles Refer Reference Referenced References Reflect Relation Relative Requires Resolution Restricted Result Returned Reversing Right Rotate Rotation Routine Routines Rowbytes Scaling Screen Second Segment SegmentsSpecifically Specification Specified Specifies Specify Start Startinghand ort an expanded notion of Macintosh styles. Similar in capability to Adobe s Multiple Master technology, these new fonts can support many degrees of boldness, condensing, or other features from one typeface. Installation, screen display, and printing of fonts is simplified with QuickDraw GX, which includes support for Apple s TrueType standard as well as a new version of Adobe Type Manager, ATM GX. This will allow cation overrides, each font will have a set of default tables that will always be used. Glyph Appearance QuickDraw GX s ability to automatically substitute one glyph for one or more other glyphs is called autD omatic form substitution. The following sections detail several kinds of automatic form substitution, as well as the method by which an application can control the form substitution process. Automatic Ligature Version Vertical Vertically Visual Volume Vowel Increase Increased Increases Increasing Increasingly Independence Independent Index Indexed Indexes Indic-derived Indic-style Indicate Indicated Indication Indices Individual rmations Truetype Typeface Types Under Underline Unique User's Using Utilize Variable Variation Variations Varying VersionedOr Greatly Gregg Group Group-editing Grouping Groups Grows Growth Guarantee Guesses Guidance Guide Guidelines Guides Guiding Hardware ext shapes are the easiest, though least flexible, method for text display. Glyph shapes allow for drawing text in several styles and can be manipulated graphically, such as rotating them. Each glyph within a O glyph shape can be drawn at a different angle. Layout shapes are the most sophisticated typographical shape and are the basis for the bulk of the advanced QuickDraw GX typographical features described in this Several Shape Shapes Shifting Simple Since Single Option Optional Options Oracle Order Ordered Ordering Organization Organizations Organize Organized Organizing Orientation Origin Original Origins Ornamental b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Tech elects Sends Several Share Shareable Shared Sharing Sheet Sheet-feeding Shows Simply Special Spooling Status Stylewriter Takes Through User's Users Which Window Without Works Worrying ter driver overrides a number of Printing Covers Created Curvature Curve Curved Curves Custom U.S. and other countries. ColorSync, QuickDraw, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurDQisdictions. PowerPC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines. QuickDraw GX Overviewe GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Another Anounced Answer Answers Anticipate Anticipates Apparent Appear Appearance Appearances Appears Appended Appendix Print Printed Printer Printers Printing Printing-related Printout Prints Priorities Priority Privacy Private Privileges Processed Processes Processing Processor Postscript Potential Power Powerbook Powerbooks Powerful Powerpc Powershare Powertalk Powertalk/powershare Preceding Precise Precisely Predefined Predictable Predictably Predrawn Preempt Preemptive Preferences Preliminary Premier Preparation Preselected of the baseline is illustrated when different sizes of characters are used; in this case the baseline represents a stable place out from which characters grow proportionally. The ascent portion of a character P grows upwards from the baseline, while the descent portion of the character grows downward. However, there can be dramatic differences in the general proportions of characters with reference to the baseline. CodesExists Facilities Families Family Featuresfyng Layouts Leads Learn Learning Least Leave Leaving Left-side Left-to-right Leisure Length Letter Letters Level Levels Leverage Library Licensed Ligature Ligatures Light Lightweight le from plain. The new font system supports the model of a font family with an arbitrary number of named styles. Each style represents a designed typeface, such as Regular, Bold, Demibold, and Extra ConP densed. The new graphics system supports variable amounts of algorithmic styling to be applied to the specific typeface supplied by the application. different ways depending upon the domin ertically Visual Volume Which Without and working down to the lowest (or until there is no gap left to fill). Separate shrink and grow parameters There are two different actions that can occur with justification: adding white space because a lJ ine is too short or removing it because a line is too long. QuickDraw GX supports different priorities and different limits depending on whether the line needs to grow or shrink. Separate character leading a Lines Loosen Loosened Lower Manual Manually Introduction QuickDraw GX provides a robust graphics environment, high-quality typography, worldwide text services, and an extensible print architecture that enables easy driver development. It is composed ofB three major technologies: new graphics capabilities, expanded and easier-to-use print architecture, and very sophisticated typography. QuickDraw GX is not intended to replace QuickDraw. They will coexist, ensu Inside Insignia Insist Install Installation Installations Installing Instance Instead Instructed Instructing Instruction Instruction-set Instructional Instructions Integers Integrate Integrated Integrating Integration e that can be added to laser printers produced by a number of manufacturers. This extension adds a panel to the Print dialog box that allows you to control the sheet feeder and to override several paper-handliD ng messages to interface with the sheet feeder. The laser printer driver overrides a number of printing messages, including the GXDespoolPage message, which the background printing extension also overrides. Printing oman letters are intrinsically left to right. QuickDraw GX uses character properties (obtained from the Script Manager) to assist it in carrying out its functions. String and String Ordering A string is an oF rdered array of character codes (not bytes). The order implicit in this array may be different from the order in which the corresponding glyphs would be displayed (called the visual order). A string is an examp Lam-alif Languagece Extended Familiar Featureer Style Variations A new style option is the concept of style variations. Similar in capability to Adobe s Multiple Master technology, these new fonts can support many degrees of boldness, condensing, or other fB eatures from one typeface. The font has multiple styles of a typeface built in to itself. The system then can interpolate between the styles to create type with a specific look. A font variation is an algorith rying Version Vertical Vertically Visual Volume Vowelr n reading the entire Q&A, you can quickly search for questions about AppleScript Thread Manager and then read or print only the ones that you need. The screen size of the InfoBASE was purposefully selecH ted to accommodate use on smaller screens (Macintosh PowerBooks or Classics) as well as larger ones. A great deal of planning, research, and development went into each of the resources that were included in White Worldwide Would nput into a line of text. Justification Typographically stretching or shrinking a line of text to a certain width. Kashidas An extension bar used to extend the width of a textual character. Kerning An adjustmenJ t to normal spacing between two or more glyphs. Kerning pairs Two or more glyphs that have normal spacing between them adjusted. Left-side bearing The white space between the origin of a glyph and the actual vi Original Other Partial Particular Parts Pointodings Cases Catalog Catalog/directory tegory Cause Causes Center Centering Centers Centralized Certain Certainly Chain Chancery Change Changed Changes Changing Character Character-specific Character-to-glyph ailable in the system and still maintain the same spacing. This avoids reflowing of the document. Font Files QuickDraw supported only fonts that were stored as resources. The new font system allows a font to F be stored in a file s resource or data fork, or simply handled in memory. In addition, fonts that are stored in files never need to be read into memory all at once, allowing applications to use and edit fonts t ripts Superscripts Support System Testing TheBased xtensions and printer drivers. F{ or example, a programmer can use the Collection Manager to create collections for storing data related to the options you choose in a panel that the extension or driver adds to a dialog box. Using Printing Ext urther Gave-based Offer Offered Offers Original Otherrinters a particular printing message called GXDespoolPage to add a date/time stamp to each page. Or a printer driver could respond to the GXOpenConnection message to verify that the corresponding printing device is K working properly. This response of intercepting a specific printing message and taking some action is called a message override, which is performed by an override function that is defined in the extension or d Printing These Together Using Whichlh When you double-click on a desktop printer, QuickDraw GX displays the desktop printer window. A desktop printer window shows all print jobs queued for a particular printer. This includes other user s prinL t jobs when the desktop printer is set up to be shared. You can set up a desktop printer to be shared. For example, you may choose to share a printer, such as the Apple StyleWriter, which is otherwise a nonne Printing Drivers Drives During Eight Entire Errors Escapeh GX Printing Tech Portable Digital Document Imaging to create a portable digital document, as described in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing.QuickDraw GX defines a few imaging messages for the raster and vector imaging sysB tems and a large number of imaging messages for the PostScript imaging system. For each message, QuickDraw GX provides a default implementation that performs the basic task for which the message is intended. inting Printing Providing iding viding iding roviding iding Providing Providing oviding roviding Recognition Recognize Reference Relatively Release Reporters Retain Retrieval Retrieve Richer Scriptable Seamless Second Select Selected ch to increase or decrease the space between two glyphs. In general, this amount can depend on more than just the two adjacent glyphs; it may also depend on preceding or following glyphs. When kerning, the offL set is effectively split between the two characters. Automatic Cross-Stream Kerning (Urdu-Like) Cross-stream kerning allows the automatic movement of characters perpendicular to the line orientation of the t acter Characters Class Classes Closer Compensateam s read from the spool file. During rendering, each despooled page is converted into image data that can be printed by the output device. Some rendering messages, known as universal imaging messages, are sent P for all imaging systems. ting 6eeds h message handler is part of the message chain, which links the handlers in a hierarchical sequence. Each handler in the hierarchy receives the message and decides whether to respond to the message and whetherOA to forward the message to the handler below it in the hierarchy. ting These Thing Things Think Third Third-party Thorough Those Though Thousands inting messages to exercise control over the device. When writing a driver that creates portable digital documents for transportation to other types of computing systems, the programmer would specify that the J driver works with the appropriate portable digital document imaging system. Printing Phases QuickDraw GX sends specific printing messages during each of the four phases of printing. The different phases of p Printing never Which Without Working Write Automatically Automating Automation ed, clipped to, and so on. For example, an entire text layout can be rotated by 45 degrees and skewed, yet this transformed layout can still be edited onM the fly. QuickDraw GX has three types of typographical shapes: text shapes, glyph shapes, and layout shapes. All three types of shapes can be used to display text. Text shapes contain text in one style. Typography Unicode Urdu-like Variations Vertical With-stream de bearing The white space between the top of a glyph space and the visual top of the glyph. Track kerning The application of kerning, or spatial adjustment to all glyphs in a shape as opposed to kerning only bR etween pairs of glyphs. Track number A value that specifies the tightness or looseness of spacing between glyphs that are being track kerned. Type style A specific appearance of a glyph that differs from the st tly the same set of results from the hit-testing call. GX Printing Tech The background picture extension adds a panel to the Print dialog box to allow you to select a picture file to use. You can choose not to have a background picture or can select a file. This extension overridB es the GXDespoolPage message so that it can draw the background picture after the page has been despooled and before it has been sent to the printer. The sheet feeder extension works with a sheet-feeding devicinting GX Printing Tech QuickDraw GX Printing Technologies Printing Extensions, Printer Drivers, Portable Digital Documents and Desktop Printing Tech Article 1b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Tech ticle GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Tech river. Before learning more about how message overrides work, it is important to have an overview of what happens when QuickDraw GX sends a printing message. Because the printing extension or printer driver mM ay respond to a printing message, it is called a message handler. A number of message handlers, including an extension or driver, an application, and QuickDraw GX itself, can respond to printing messages. Printing rinting can be, but are not necessarily, sequential. In some cases, these phases are interleaved. Application Phase During the application phase of printing, the application calls QuickDraw GX and interacts L with you by displaying dialog boxes to establish printing parameters such as page orientation and paper types. Spooling Phase During the spooling phase of printing, the application spools the document pages t Printing hapes Sketches Software Specific Specifies Specify RasterLineFeed message to implement how a line feed is performed. When writing a PostScript printer driver, a programmer would specify that the driver works with the PostScript imaging system. The PostScript H preferences ( ) resource can then be used to specify such things as which level of PostScript and which color space your driver supports. The programmer can also override any of the numerous PostScript pr Printing Software Space Specific Specifies Specify Spool Heart Helvetica@ Higher Identifying@ Implicit@ Important Improved@ Incorporates Increase@ Individual Information@ Inside@ Installations Integration Intel Issues Joint Kerning@ Largest@ Layouts Leader-ship Leading@ Learning Life@ Like@ Loaded@ Macdraw@ tworkable printer. You can create a shareable desktop printer by choosing the Share Printer command from the Printer menu. QuickDraw GX adds the Printer menu item to the menu bar (to the right of the Special N menu) when you click on a printer icon. You can also set up a desktop printer for sharing just like you set up a file for sharing by choosing the Sharing command from the File menu. You will be notified of er Printing essarily Needs Notify Number Numerous ooling. To create a PDD, the user selects Print from the file menu and then selects PDD Maker GX from the pop-up menu. Desktop Printing In QuickDraw GX, a desktop printer takes the form of an icon on theH desktop to represent an available printer. When a you select a printer with the Chooser, QuickDraw GX displays the desktop printer icon on the desktop. To print a document through a desktop printer, you may Printing rives During Eight Entire Errors Escape 7b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese#Macintosh Operating System Strategy GX Printing Technologies hat font to produce different type styles. For example, a font may vary by its weight from glyphs drawn by a thin line to glyphs drawn by a very thick l o override several paper-hand uments Double-clicks Drives During Eight Entire Errors Escape o disk in preparation for printing. QuickDraw GX sends messages during this phase to notify you when each page is about to be spooled. Imaging Phase During the imaging phase of printing, each previously spooN led page is rendered into a form that can be printed on the output device. This phase is composed of two processes: despooling and rendering. Despooling is the process by which each previously spooled page i Printing ortant Large Largely Learning Loads Macintosh simply click a document and drag it to a desktop printer icon. You can create multiple desktop printers, one of which represents the default output printer. The last desktop printer that you create automaticaJ lly becomes the default output printer. To distinguish the default desktop printer from the other desktop printers on the screen, the icon that represents the default desktop printer appears with a bold outlin Printing 80-megabyte 80486-based 80486sx 80x86 Added Adding Addison-wesley Addition Additional Additionally Additions Address Addressed Addresses dministration Administrator's Adobe Adobe's Advance Advanced Advantage Advantages Adventure Advice Computing Concatenate Concatenated Concatenation Concentrate Concept Concepts Concern Concerned Concerns Conclusion Concurrent Concurrently Condensed Condensing Conditional Conditions Conference Confidence Confidential Configuration Configurations Configure Confirm Conflict Confronting Confuses Conjunction Connectt Continued Continues Continuing Continuous Continuously Contour Contours Contracted Controlled Controlling Controls Convenient Convention Convert Converted Converts Convey Coordinate Coordinated Coordinates Copied Copy-and-paste Copying Copyright Corner Corners Corporate Created Creates Creating Creation Creative Creator Criteria Critical Cross Cross-platform Cross-stream Crucial Current-generation Currently Cursive Curvature Curve Curved Curves Custom Custom-ized Established Ethernet Evolve Evolving Exactly Examination Example Examples Excellence Excellent Except Exception Exchange Exciting Executed Execution Exercise Exist Existing Exists Expand Expanded First Fitting Fixed Fixed-point Flashing Flattened Flavor Flavors Flexibility Flexible Flexibly Floating Floppy Flows Flush Focal Focus ollow Followed Following Follows Having He/she Heart Message-passing Messages Messaging Metaphor Meter Methaphor Method Methods Metric Metrics Microprocessor Microprocessors Microsoft Microsoft's Mid-point Middle Midrange Midyear Performs Periods Peripherals Permanent Permit Permits Permitted Perpendicular Person Person's Personal Personal-computer Personalities Personalized Perspective Pervasive Pervasively Phase Phases Philosophy Phone Phrase Physical Picture Picture's Rendered Rendering Reorder Reordered Reordering Repeat Repeated Repertoire Repetitive Replace Replaced Replicated Replies Report Reporters Repositories Represent Representation Represented Representing Represents Reputation Request Requests Require Subroutines Subscribe Subscribers Subscript Subscripting Subscripts Subsequent Subsequently Subsidiaries Substitute Substituted Substituting Substitution Substitutions Subtle Succeeded Succeeding Success Successes Suitable Suitcases Suite Suited rors through desktop printers. For example, if a printer runs out of paper, its printer driver sends this status to the desktop printer. If the Finder is in the foreground, the desktop printer displays the OuP t of Paper alert box on your screen. If the Finder is in the background, the Notification Manager displays a blinking Finder icon over the Application menu. When you click on the Finder icon, QuickDraw GX disQ/plays the Out of Paper alert box on the screen. Printing ints a confidential stamp on each page. The confidential stamp extension adds a confidential stamp in the center of the page. This extension overrides the GXSpoolPage message and adds the graphic object that Rnrepresents the confidential stamp to the shapes that compose the page when the page is sent to the spool file. atting driver and the output driver. In many cases, formatting and output are handled by the same printer driver. Any number of different printing extensions can be active at the same time. For example, a prP ogrammer could create one extension that controls a sheet feeder than can be connected to numerous printers, another extension that draws a background picture on each printed page, and another extension that pr In most cases, when the printing extension or printer driver overrides a printing message, it performs some operations and forwards the message to the next handler in the message chain. This is called a partiaB l override. (A total override occurs when the message is not forwarded.) Because QuickDraw GX provides a default implementation for most of the printing messages, a partial override is used to add to the resp se in a panel that the extension or driver adds to a dialog box. Using Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Together While printer drivers are device-independent by definition, printing extensions can be dN evice-independent, which allows the programmer to develop printing features that can be used with any number of devices. The printing of a document always involves exactly one or two printer drivers: the form . When developing a printer driver, a programmer specifies the appropriate imaging system for that printer. For example, when writing a raster printer driver, a programmer specifies that the driver works withF the raster imaging system. The raster package controls ( ) resource can then be used to define the escape sequences used for performing line feeds on the printer. The programmer can also override the GX Printing on, or the paper-type collection. These collections add to the printing information already available in the corresponding print objects: the job object, the format object, and the paper-type object. CollectL ions also provide data extensibility for printing extensions and printer drivers. For example, a programmer can use the Collection Manager to create collections for storing data related to the options you choo e dialog box. When you open an added panel, the extension or driver can continue to receive and respond to messages as the you manipulate the panels, including messages that notify you when you close a panel oJ r confirm or cancel the Print dialog box. Much of the information that you specify in a print dialog box is stored in one of the collections that QuickDraw GX provides: the job collection, the format collecti cific device. Extensions, Drivers, and the User Interface QuickDraw GX sends messages when you choose commands that display such print dialog boxes as Document Setup, By Page Setup, and Print. The printing eH xtension or printer driver can override the appropriate printing message to add one or more panels to one of these print dialog boxes. These panels become available when you click the More Choices button in th munication phases are interleaved. The application initiates the printing of each page and that output is written to a spool file. When the printer is ready, each page is despooled, rendered, and sent to the F device. Printing extensions and printer drivers can override any of the messages that QuickDraw GX sends during each of these phases, allowing a tremendous degree of flexibility in controlling printing on a spe on a network, which might then image the document to a disk that is taken to a printing service and printed on a high-resolution printer. The four printing phases need not occur in a sequential order, with onD e following the completion of the other. First, when the same computer is performing both formatting and output of a document, the application and spooling phases are interleaved and the imaging and device com Device Communications Phase During the device communications phase of printing, the data that represents the rendered form of each page is sent to the output device. Communication with the printing device is B only possible during this phase. Note: The spooling, imaging, and device communications phases of printing can occur on different devices. For example, an application can spool a document to a printer server ortable Digital Documents A portable digital document (PDD) is a file that contains data to be printed. Through a portable digital document, you can exchange files with other users without worrying about haviF ng common applications or fonts. QuickDraw GX creates a portable digital document when an application begins the printing process. The process of creating a portable digital document is also referred to as sp Printing Within Would HPGL. QuickDraw GX shapes are converted into vectors, and the vector data and pen information are sent to the device to accomplish the printing of each page. 4b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies tems are supported by QuickDraw GX: Raster A raster output device such as an ImageWriter printer. Raster bitmap data and escape sequences are sent to accomplish the printing of each page. PostScript A PostSN cript output device such as an Apple LaserWriter printer. PostScript printing instructions are sent to accomplish the printing of each page. Vector A vector output device that uses a plotting language such as ng of certain printing messages The message-passing architecture used for QuickDraw GX printing is supported by the Message Manager, which is a general-purpose software component of QuickDraw GX that can be usL ed when programming for message passing. Print Imaging Systems Some of the printing messages that QuickDraw GX sends are specific to the imaging system that a printing device uses. The following imaging sys a number of printing functions that can only be called from within the message overrides that are implemented in the driver or extension. These functions perform a variety of operations, including: DisplayiJ ng status information and printing alert boxes Interfacing with the paper trays Communicating imaging options between a driver and an application Gracefully handling errors that arise during the processi t implementation to count the pages, and the override would then modify that value. On the other hand, if the extension created adds a background picture to each page as it gets printed, it needs to override tH he GXDespoolPage message. It would add the background picture to the page after forwarding the message to the default implementation, which would read the page from the spool file. QuickDraw GX also provides e can forward it to the other handlers and then perform the tasks, or it can perform the tasks and then forward it to other handlers. For example, if a printing extension is created that combines eight pages oF f a document into one page of thumbnail sketches, it needs to override the GXCountPages message, which QuickDraw GX sends to count the pages in the spool file. It would forward this message to allow the defaul onse of, or change the result of, the default implementation before or after forwarding the message. For those printing messages that require forwarding, a partial override can be used. If the messages are noD t forwarded, their default implementation is not invoked, which means that a vital operation might be neglected, potentially resulting in serious errors. Depending on the nature of a message, a partial overrid 2b"QuickDraw GX Printing Technologiese>GX Printing Technologies Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Tech About QuickDraw GX Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Printing Extensions Printing extensions are add-on software components that can be created to extend the printing capabilities of applications. Prinesktop print Portable Digital Documents Desktop Printing Copyright 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registeD red in the U.S. and other countries. QuickDraw is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Printing Table of Contents About QuickDraw GX Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Printing Extensions Printer Drivers QuickDraw GX Printing and Messages Print Imaging Systems Printing PhaseB Application Phase Spooling Phase Imaging Phase Device Communications Phase Extensions, Drivers, and the User Interface Using Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Together Printing Quickdraw Quickly Quickmail Quicktime Quicktips Quotation Ragged Ragged-right Raise Raised Reading Reads Ready Reaffirming Realistic Rearrangement Rearrangements Receive Receiver Receives Receiving Recognizes Recommendations Reconciling Recording Rectangle Rectangles Redesign Redesigned ed conditions arise. A printing message is a notice that a certain part of the printing process is in progress or that a certain printing task needs to be accomplished. QuickDraw GX sends a large number of prI inting messages during the printing process, and a printing extension or printer driver might need to respond to make available its features or functionality. For example, a printing extension could respond to Printing 16-bit 1980s 2-byte 22-26 25-megahertz 250-megabyte 280/280c er-inch ablishe andard appearance of that glyph. Typical styles are bold italic, underline, outline, shadow, and condensed. Typographic points Measurement unit for fonts. A typographic point, as used by PostScript and QuickDT raw GX, is 1/72 of an inch. ithout gooayed ting extensions are used for tasks such as supporting hardware additions, modifying the appearance of printed pages, and allowing the provision of these capabilities without having to write an entire printer drC iver. When you place a printing extension in the Extensions folder (which is in the System Folder), the extension is available for use. Printer Drivers Printer drivers translate the instructions that compose Printing Whenever Whether Which While Within e bottom of a capital M in a font that uses serifs, appears to have little feet (which are the serifs). Style run A continuous grouping of glyphs of a common writing system, font, style, color, size, and scalinP g factors. Text face An algorithmic way for an application to produce type styles. Text faces ensure that an application can provide type styles even if a separate font or variation axis is unavailable. Top-si Partial Particular Parts Permits Placement Pointdng Which While emantic Separate Serifs Simple Since Single Sometimescified Store Stored String Strings Stroke Supply System Table Tables Terminology Their There These Thickness Triggered Truetype Turned Typographical Unique Using Usually Various Vendors Vertical Viewing Visual Volumes Wanted Where Which While White Within Worldscript Would Written Right Ability to split ligatures for interaction In a particular layout, suppose that ligatures have been enabled, and that the ligature is one of the glyphs that gets generated (from a separate and the text source). Further, suppose this layout is being used in a word processor and that a flashing caret is positioned just to the left of this ligature. There are two main approaches to the visual effect wh Examples Excellence Excellent Except Exception Exceptional Exchange Exchange/macintosh Exchanging Exciting Execute Executed Executing Execution Executive Exercise Exist Existence Existing Exists Expand ExpandedVariations Vertical With-stream Worldscript Application Control of Automatic Forms Much of what QuickDraw GX does happens automatically, without the need for application intervention. This can happen because each TrueType GX font contains information thB at designates which special effects are to occur by default, in the absence of any overrides from the application. However, in order to give applications as much control over this process as possible, there is Reversed Right Roman Rotated Rotating Routines Rules Runted These messages can be overridden to customize the behavior for an extension or driver. In the resources provided by the programmer, he/she specifies which imaging system the extension or driver uses and which D messages to override. When developing a printing extension, a programmer can choose to make the extension available for any or all of the imaging systems, depending on what tasks the extension needs to perform Printing 0.0 through 1.0. This feature can be used to give a nicely filled ragged-right appearance to paragraphs. For instance, by specifying a justification factor of 0.8, an application would guarantee that 80% of theP gap will be filled on a line, and still get a ragged right edge. Insertion justification and kashidas One of the most complex forms of justification is used in Arabic, in which characters are actually exten Alternate Always Another Appear Appearance Kerning Keyboard Keypad Knowledge Known Label Labor-intensive Laboratories Lacking Lacks Lam-alif Language Language-specific Languages Large the driver for that printer. QuickDraw GX printing extensions and printer drivers are largely data-driven and take advantage of the QuickDraw GX message-based printing architecture. QuickDraw GX Printing andG Messages Printing with QuickDraw GX is based on a message-passing architecture. QuickDraw GX sends printing messages when certain printing-related tasks need to be accomplished or when certain printing-relat Printing Characteristics@ Chips Collection@ Combination Combines Commands Compatibility Compiled@ Components Computing Connect Constant@ Contain Containers@ Continued@ Contrary@ Contrast Copy@ Corporation@ Create Created Customer@ Dashed Data@ Database Deeper@ Deliver@ Delivers@ Describes Desktop@ Determine@ Developers QuickDraw GX shapes and pictures into printed output on a specific output device. Each printer driver sends data and instructions in a form specific to the device that it drives and manages the physical commuE nications with that device. A separate driver must be developed for each hardware device that has different characteristics. Whenever a desktop printer is created, the Macintosh system software loads and uses Printing E-mail Earlier Early Ease-of-use Easier y-to-implement Easy-to-use Edged Edges Edited Editing Edition Editor Educated tion, rather than being limited to a few special states (that is, left, center, right ). Centering factors can be specified as any value from 0.0 (meaning ) through 1.0 (meaning right). ThereforeN , in this system, center has a value of 0.5. Alignment to Multiple Baselines The baseline of a character is a line that defines the position of the character with respect to other characters. The importance Families Family Feature-by-feature Features Figure Contrary Contrast ontrol Controlled Controlling Controls Convenience Convenient Conveniently Convention Conversion Convert Converted Converter Converting Converts Convey Cooperation Cooperative Coordinate Coordinated Coordinates Copied Copies Nonpositional Normal Normally mally Appearance Apple Application Application's Applications Applying Appropriate Arabic Assigned Assignment Assigns Assuming Attach Attachment Attachments Based Baseform Baseform's Baseline Because Behavior Behaviors Built Called Capabilities Capable Capitals Application's Applications Apply Applying Appropriate Arabic Ascent Assigned Assignment Assigns Assumingb ded by use of an extension bar (or kashida) rather than by the use of white space. This kind of justification is fully supported via information contained in the fonts. Applications are permitted to override tR he justification that would normally occur in two main ways: by overriding the behavior of a whole run of text and by specifying different behavior for a specific glyph. These override facilities allow an appli These Those Threshold Tighten Tightened The first two facilities are nonpositional. They deal with transformations of the appearance and order of glyphs on the line, but not with their positioning. The third is positional; it deals with the position B of a glyph in relation to the base line and to adjacent glyphs. These facilities are controlled by tables in the font, with the user s application being able to choose which to perform. In the absence of appli Order Ordered Ordering Others Outline t this returned flag. In the example, this flag would be true. Tracking area for given hit The tracking area that corresponds to the given hit point is the area in which the hit point can move and still retuP rn exactly the same set of results from the hit-testing call. Glossary Advance height The distance from the top of the glyph space to the bottom of the glyph space. Advance width The full horizontal width of mic method for producing a specific style along a variation axis, or range of font styles. That specific instance of a font style would be called a font instance. Since such latitude exists with a single fontD , an entire page can be laid out using only one font. However, by varying the style, it will not look monotone. In addition, style variation can be used by an application to substitute for a font that is not av terword to intercharacter (for example, 9:1 as in the Apple LaserWriter), the QuickDraw GX model permits assignment of white space at a given priority level to occur until either all the gap is filled or a maxiF mum specified amount is reached. This means that intercharacter spacing need not occur as often as it does in proportional models (or even at all, if desired). If the gap can be satisfied by interword spacing, Built Bytes Called Capabilitiesen Font vendors can create tables that implement a set of features. This scheme is open-ended; font vendors can create new kinds of tables, and QuickDraw GX will automatically take advantage of them. Applications B can query fonts to determine the set of features available. The font will also supply a set of strings identifying the features that can be presented to the user. Although the QuickDraw GX layout routines perf xopenconnection Gxrasterlinefeed Handler Handlers in a font as accent ligatures. A contextual form is an alternate appearance of a glyph that is used in certain contexts. Arabic, for example, has different contextual forms of characters depending on whether H they are at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. Figure 3 shows the forms of the Arabic letter that appear alone, at the start, middle, or end of a word. The same character code is used for each case; cific Character-to-glyph Characteristics Characters Classes Total Touch Toward Towards Track Tracking Tracks Trademark Determine Determined Determining Devanagari Develop Developed Developer Developers pments Develops Device Device-independent Devices Dialect Dialect-independent Dialects Dialing Dialog Dialogs followed by and replace it with the glyph. This is no different than substituting an ligature for the sequence followed by This is a feature of the font; the table reflects the repertoD ire of accented glyphs actually present in the font. Another way for attachments to appear in the line is for them to be dynamically composited. Thus, an attachment table in the font can identify control point Family Feature Feature-by-feature Features Figurezes ons of glyphs. The following information is available from the QuickDraw GX implementation of hit testing. First and last partial distances Once the glyph corresponding to the hit point has been found, QH uickDraw GX computes two distances, representing the parts of the glyph on either side of the hit point. In Figure 25, the first partial distance corresponds to B A, and the last partial distance corresponds to GX fonts have these font tables. In addition, a new style variation feature has been added to some fonts. Font Families The term font family refers to a group of fonts that share many characteristics. HelvL etica , Helvetica Bold, and Helvetica Narrow are examples of fonts in a font family. Previously, a FOND resource was used to indicate font families. QuickDraw GX uses the font name to detect font families ins System Tables Terms Testing Whenever Where Wherever Whether Which ating Layouts Performed Permitted Phonetic Plainght Roman Routines Rules 10b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Betweenarance Falls False Familiar Families Family Fashion Fast-paced Faster Fastest Favorite Faxes Feature Feature-by-feature Feature-rich tead of the FOND resource. Extended Styles QuickDraw supported the model of a font family with a set of predefined styles. These were plain, bold, italic, condensed, extended, underline, outline, and shadow. N When a font was wanted in a certain style, it was left up to the Font Manager to first search for a font in the system that matched the desired style, and if one was not found, to algorithmically create the sty yphsUnicode Urdu-like Variations Vertical With-stream Just-preempted Justification Kaleida Kaleida's Kanji Kanjitalk Kashida Kashida-like Kashidas Keeping Keeps Kerned Edges Editing Either Emits Example Extended Extension Extra Extreme Justification Kashida-like Languages Laserwriter Leading Level Levels Limits Lowest Mappingsrts property is true for lightweight punctuation, such as quotation marks or periods. QuickDraw GX uses this knowledge to automatically hang punctuation where appropriate; an application has the ability to contrL ol the degree to which this happens (or whether it happens at all). Line Centering QuickDraw GX permits the centering of a layout within a particular width. However, centering is treated as a continuous func Superscript Superscriptingsible Include Indicated aphics system, a layout can be drawn, transformed, dashed, clipped to, and so on. For example, an entire text layout can be rotated by 45 degrees and skewed, yet this transformed layout can still be edited on tM he fly. QuickDraw GX has three types of typographical shapes: text shapes, glyph shapes, and layout shapes. All three types of shapes can be used to display text. Text shapes contain text in one style. T Remember Rendered Rendering Reordering Repertoire Replaced ickDraw GX provides control over the text layout beyond the basic functionality provided by the script. Character Properties A character code has an associated set of character properties. Some of these have D to do with simple character identity: the blank is a white space character, while an is not. Others have to do with character direction when rendered: Hebrew letters are intrinsically right to left, while R Automatic Automatically Backing Basis Because Before Combines Combining Comdex Comes Comfortably Coming Command Command-line Commanding Commandsllowing Forms Glyph Glyphs Include Individual Kinds Lam-alif Layout Letter Ligature Ligatures Location Marks Method Middle Multiple Nonpositional Order Other Overrides Perform Position Positional Positioning Presenty testing within the text Determination of the caret(s) for some location within the text Support of applications line-breaking decisions with fast measurement routines Automatic reordering and rearrangI ement of text for languages like Arabic, Hebrew, and Hindi QuickDraw GX deals with text primarily in linguistic terms ( kern by this amount change the orientation of this text in a vertical line ) rathe Since Single of design consistency in appearances (such as serifs or stroke thickness). Font instance A setting, identified by a font designer, that matches specific values along the available variation axes and gives thoseF values a name. Font variation An algorithmic way to produce a range of type styles along a particular variation axis. Glyph Visual appearance of a character. Glyph code A two-byte hexidecimal number that repre Instructional Match Material Metrics Mixed-directional it is QuickDraw GX s responsibility to choose the correct glyph. The choice between using contextual forms and using ligatures is up to the font manufacturer. Automatic Fractions A swash is a variation, oftJ en ornamental, of an existing glyph. By using the contextual form and swash capabilities of QuickDraw GX, an application can get automatic construction of fractions. Since there is a fraction character code de Application Applications Character Characters Classes automatically from the font (provided they are not disabled by the application). With-Stream and Cross-Stream Shifting With-stream and cross-stream shifts are the two types of manual positional shifts. Cross-F stream shifts will raise or lower the entire style run (and the corresponding horizontal movement for vertical text), and can be used for superscript and subscript effects. With-stream shifts will tighten or lo Instead Interface Intermixed Interpolate Intervention Contextual forms An alternate form of a glyph whose use depends on the glyph s position in a word. In other words, a glyph may have a different appearance it is at the beginning of a word rather than falling iB n the middle of a word. Cross-stream kerning The raising or lowering of a run of style (a grouping of text with a common style). Common uses for cross-stream kerning are superscripting and subscripting. Descen Attach Attachment Attachments Available Backspace occur. For this reason, curved letters such as are generally designed to extend slightly below the baseline, so that they appear to line up with straight letters such as . This same effect happeH ns on the extreme edges of lines. To compensate for these effects, QuickDraw GX can apply optical alignment information contained in the font. When determining the leading and trailing edges of a line of text ransformations Truetype Typeface Types Under Tables A ligature is a rendering form that represents a combination of two or more individual characters. Examples include the ligature in English, and the lam-alif ligature in Arabic. An accented form isG a special type of ligature, a rendering form that combines a letter with an accent mark. For example, the glyphs and are accented forms. Multiple accent marks themselves may be present in a font as acc Particular Producing Provided Quickdraw Environment ted Functionality QuickDraw GX coordinates the functionality of text-editing routines such that special text effects affecting one routine affect all routines in a uniform way. Some examples of this are as folN lows: Full support of reordering, forms, and rearrangement Editing a line of mixed-directional text is complicated. QuickDraw GX allows applications to know little about the details of such editing. All the Various Vowel s in various glyphs; these control points allow more precise alignment of the glyphs with respect to one another. For the purpose of this discussion, an attachment is a glyph that is dynamically composited wiF th some other glyph. The recipient glyph is called the baseform. The act of applying attachments is done with anchor points which are control points within the baseform s outline data that identify positions fo entify Illustrated Implemented Importance Includest Flag specifying if hit occurred on leading edge The leading edge of a glyph is the left edge for left-to-right glyphs, the right edge for right-to-left glyphs, and the top edge for vertical (and nonoverridN den) glyphs. In the example, this flag would be set to false. Flag specifying if hit occurred in loose area In order to determine if the hit occurred within the bounds of the line, the application can look a Architecture Architectures Archive with an accent mark. For example, the glyphs and are accented forms. Multiple accent mW arks themselves may be present in a font as accent ligatures. A contextual form is an alternate appearance of a glyph that is used in certain contexts. Arabic, for example, has different contextual forms of ch Typing Under UnicodeDeals Decisions Degrees Delivers Derivedmple space to account for the normal interglyph spacing. This produces certain anomalies, since this space varies with the font size. For example, if different sizes of the same font are left (or right) flush, theF y may not line up correctly. The second factor is that due to certain optical effects, curved lines do not appear to line up properly with straight lines. To make them appear to line up, some compensation must Point Position Positional Positioningcess Providestly , whether at tab stops or line starts, QuickDraw GX will use the optical leading and trailing edges. These values are obtained from the font as a pair of offsets from the edges of the glyph as previously definJ ed above. Automatic Hanging Punctuation One of the basic properties that QuickDraw GX understands about a character is whether it is permitted for the character to off one or both ends of a line. This outheast Special Specifiableo Without Combination Combinations Combine Combined Combines ext. For horizontal text, this means vertically. For example, a hyphen between two capital letters should be raised to reflect the centers of those characters. Cross-stream kerning is required for scripts likeN] Taliq (used in Urdu). It can also be used to assist in the creation of automatic fractions. ride facilities allow an application to have very fine control over the whole justification proc esident Resource Resources Scaler Scalers Sections Selected Font's Fonts Forces Forecast Forecasts Forefront Foreground Forged Word-processing Wordperfect Wordperfect's Works World World's Worlds Worldscript Worldwide Worrying Would Write Writing Written X-height You're Zones Segment Segments Seldom Select Selected Overrides Particular Perform Performed Permitted Phonetic Plain Point Popular Position Positional Positioningle Predefined Predrawn Present Presented Previous Previously Printed Process Producing Properties Provided Provides Published Putting Quick Quickdraw Range Rearrangement Rearrangements Recognizesed ne. The glyphs drawn with a thin line might be the light style of the font, while the glyphs draw with a thick line might be called the extra bold style of the font. X-height The position of the top of theC lowercase for a font. References QuickDraw GX Typography, Inside Macintosh, Preliminary Draft, August 19, 1993 TrueType GX Font Formats, Inside Macintosh, Preliminary Draft, February 8, 1993 Attachments Many languages use floating accent marks or vowel marks that attach themselves to some other glyph. QuickDraw GX supports several different ways of handling these attachments. One way is for a ligaB ture table to be set up that recognizes them and emits the appropriate glyphs. For example, assuming that the glyph is present in a font, a ligature table could be set up to match the sequence of characters ignment Assigns Assuming Hyphen Identities Improve Ineds Assumptions Assures Attach Attached Attaches Attaching Attachment Attachments Attempting Auto-mate Automate Automated Automates Automatic Automatically Constant Constructed Construction Constructs Consultants Consulting Consumer Consumers Consumption Contact Contain Evenoddfill Event Events Eventual Eventually Ever-increasing Every Everyday Everyone Everything Evolutionary Evolve Evolved Evolving Eworld Exact Exactly Examination Examines Examples Features February Feedback Feeder Feeds Feeling Fewer Ffective Field Fields Figure Figures Formally Loaded Loads Local Localization Localized Locally Located Location Locations Locked Locking Log-in Logical Logically Long-range Long-term Longer Longs rcase Lowering Lowest document. Layout shapes use information contained in font tables (within the font itself) to display text with proper spacing, alignment, specialized glyphs for specific positional situations, ligatures, andQ various directional flows necessitated by many international scripts. Much of QuickDraw GX layout functionality happens automatically tables in TrueType GX fonts help control the layout process. By this means Open-ended Operate Operation Opposite Subroutines@ Successful@ Suited Suites@ Superscript@ Support Switch Synonym@ System Tables Tagged@ Taking Technologies@ Telephony@ Television@ Their Them@ These Thousands Thus@ Times@ Together With@ Without@ Words@ World Printing Taking Taligent Taligent's Taliq Tandem Tangent Targeted Tasks Tcp/ip Team-oriented Teams Teamwork Tech-nologies Techlaration Technical Technique Techniques Techniques/informati Under Underline Underlying Understand Understandable Understanding Understands Understood Unicode Unified Uniform Uniformity Unifying Uninterrupted Unlike Unlimited Unrelated Until Unused Update Updated Updating Upgrade Upgrades Upper Upper-left Volume Volume1 Volumes Vowel Wanted Wanting Wants Watch Watermarks Watershed Well-integrated What's of that glyph (4 in Figure 25). This process is sensitive to the 16-bit nature of the original character codes and to ligatures; in the latter case, the offset returned will also be affected by the state of liL gature divisibility. Thus, if the hit occurred within the ligature in the example, whether the two offsets returned are (2,3), (2,4), or (3,4) will depend on whether the given run permits ligature splitting Whose Width Within Words Would Writing b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography le the glyphs draw with a thick line might be called the extra bold style of the font. X-height The position of the top of thC e lowercase for a font. References QuickDraw GX Typography, Inside Macintosh, Preliminary Draft, August 19, 1993 TrueType GX Font Formats, Inside Macintosh, Preliminary Draft, February 8, 1993 Supplies Supported Supports Table 12b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography ngement on the line. Synchronized highlight Within Without Separate Shifts Short Shrinkeatedpe 5b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Details Devanagari Different Digit Digits Direction Directions rabic strings are not presented to QuickDraw GX in reversed order already. And a string of mixed Hebrew and English characters are present in the same order in which they would be spoken. Fonts In order to utJ ilize the new functionality in the QuickDraw GX, fonts must carry font information in the form of font tables describing the attributes for such things as baselines, glyphs, morphs, kashidas, and more. TrueType System Tables Terms Testing orm much of their work automatically, there are many ways to control the operation. Features can always be turned off if not wanted. This document describes both the new, system level QuickDraw GX typographicaD l features, as well as much of the basic typographical terminology. Much of the content for this document is derived from the QuickDraw GX Inside Macintosh volumes. Characters, Glyphs, and Codes A character s and Contextual Forms A ligature is a rendering form that represents a combination of two or more individual characters. Examples include the ligature in English, and the lam-alif ligature in Arabic. AnF accented form is a special type of ligature, a rendering form that combines a letter with an accent mark. For example, the glyphs and are accented forms. Multiple accent marks themselves may be present r than dealing with text primarily in graphic terms ( place this glyph at the following (x,y) location set this glyph s rotation to 12 degrees The term layout is used extensively throughout this docuK ment so it is important to understand that layouts (a grouping of text or the visual ordering of symbols that convey information) are just shapes to QuickDraw GX. As is the case with all other shapes in the gr QuickDraw GX, not the string creator, is responsible for all reordering. This point cannot be too highly emphasized. As far as QuickDraw GX savvy applications are concerned, they always present text in typingR5 order and leave the visual order up to QuickDraw GX. reordered lines to the QuickDraw GX layout routines. Unicode Reordering Model Languages such as Hebrew and Arabic that are rendered ri About Above Absence Accent Accented Accommodate Actually ligent fonts. With TrueType GX fonts, Macintosh users will see fonts with capabilities far beyond those of currently available fonts. These include concepts like contextual forms, ligatures that are employed C dynamically, fractions, automatic subscripts and superscripts, automatic kerning, full support for international fonts, and the ability to mix Roman and non-Roman fonts on the same line. The intelligence to su rom) the previous glyph. otating Routines in Devanagari, comes out something like ihndi : . (Vowel markers in many Southeast Asian languages can occur on all four sides of the consonant modified.) In the previous case, remember QuickDraw GX assumes tP hat the characters in the string appear in natural (that is, phonetic, semantic) order. Taking the example above, the backing store would contain character codes in the order hindi, not in the order ihndi. Dominant Easier Effectsns the glyph.) For vertical substitution to work, the vertically rotated forms must exist in the font, and be indicated as such in the font s tables; otherwise, no characters are substituted. Default behavior is tP o perform normally any such substitutions permitted by the font. Another example of a swash variant is the small caps style. Contrary to popular belief, the small caps style is not simply the use of capital l etters in a slightly smaller size. QuickDraw GX allows specification of small caps as a special form of swash variant; thus, if the TrueType font contains true small caps glyphs, QuickDraw GX can use them. 7b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Article Individual Individual's Individuals Indivisible Industries Industry Industry-leading Industry-standard ws specification of small caps as a special form of swash variant; thus, if the TrueType font contains true small caps glyphs, QuickDraw GX can use them. 8b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography input in phonetic order, and never in visual order. It is the job of QuickDra ransformations User's Which by QuickDraw GX is very powerful and completely multilingual. It supports the assignment of portions of line gap to different classes of glyphs, at different priority levels, and includes facilities for handliD ng complex kashida-like justification such as that used in Arabic or script Roman. Unlike other models of justification, which are based on a proportional assignment of extra white space in a fixed ratio of in Tightened Together Track Tracking Trailingt Synonym Syntax Synthesize System System-software Systems Systemwide Table Tables Styling Stylized Sub-menus Subelements Subject Submodules Subprocesses lyph may be predrawn and in the font. If there is not a predrawn form, then smaller superscript and subscript swak sh digit glyphs can be substituted, or a cross-stream kerning table can be set up to automatically shift digits relative to the baseline. (That is, either a fraction can be predrawn or created from putting toge Unicode Tracking Glyph widths can be expanded or contracted by applying a tracking value to a glyph. This value, called the track number, specifies whether intercharacter spacing is to be tightened or loosened. The acB tual positional shifts are the result of two-dimensional interpolation based on the track number, text size in points, and threshold values present in the font s tracking table. These threshold values are used Truetype User's Which Without ol the dominant run, but the default is left to right. Automatic Linguistic Rearrangement In some languages (such as the Indic-derived ones), certain rearrangements of visual glyph order may occur even thougN h the script is always considered simply left-to-right. For example, in Devanagari script, a short , , is actually printed before the consonant that it logically follows: thus the word Hindi, when printed Specific Specifically Specification Specifications Specified Specifies wash variant is_ the small caps style. Contrary to popular belief, the small caps style is not simply the use of capital letters in a slightly smaller size. QuickDraw GX allows specification of small caps as a special form of umber controls how the line is reordered. For more details on the overall reordering algorithm, see The Unicode Standard, Worldwide Character Encoding, Version 1.0, Volume 1, published by Addison-Wesley. SpeciL fiable Run Succession for the Line A single line of text with streaks running in opposite directions can be formatted in two different ways depending upon the dominant run succession. The application can contr and selectors (for example, small caps ), QuickDraw GX makes this user-perceived consistency easier to implement. However, it is important to remember that this set of features is not somehow hard-wired. is just an initially defined (and somewhat arbitrary) set that can be extended by font manufacturers who wish to add new kinds of tables. Glyph Order QuickDraw GX provides a full set of features to support res themselves, if so desired, but they should not subsequently present reordered lines to the QuickDraw GX layout routines. Unicode Reordering Model Languages such as Hebrew and Arabic that are rendered righJ t to left can be freely intermixed with languages rendered left to right, and QuickDraw GX will always do the right thing. A user s application can specify a reordering level number for each run of text; this n also full support for application overrides on a feature-by-feature basis. The standard set of font effects is defined in order to make the application user s experience as consistent as possible. For exampleD , if the user has chosen a line of text and set it to small caps, then the font is changed for that line, the small caps style is still desired. By defining a standard set of feature types (for example, t-sensitive Contextual Control CorrectEnd Example Features One area where the functionality of the two cross is with contextual scripts like Arabic. Although handling context-sensitive text falls within the functionality of the QuickDraw GX layout routines, it is also B handled by WorldScript. The need to change the appearance of a character depending on its position in a line of text is a fundamental part of the written language and is implemented as a part of the script. Qu cribing the typeface itself (Helvetica Bold), a unique name (Apple Computer Helvetica Bold 10), and others. Open Font Architecture QuickDraw GX will fully support Type 1 fonts. The interface between the new gJ raphics system and the TrueType scaler has been redesigned to accommodate multiple, separately loadable scalers. Initially, only TrueType and Type 1 (from Adobe) scalers will support this interface, but over ti rendering text in any direction: horizontal or vertical, left to right, or right to left. A fundamental assumption is that text is input in phonetic order, and never in visual order. It is the job of QuickDraw H GX, and not the application, to perform linguistic reordering and rearrangement. Applications that are familiar with linguistic features for a particular script can certainly exercise control over those featu hnology Their These Truetype hat need to be disk resident because of their size (for example, Asian fonts, which are about 6 megabytes per font). Font Names QuickDraw relied upon the resource name to identify the font families. This madeH it impossible to have multilingual family names and provided no support for arbitrarily named styles. The new font system supports fonts with multilingual names for their family and style, as well as names des me it may be used by other scaler types. The new scaler interface, Font Scaler API, is defined. The TrueType scaler will be modified to adhere to the new interface. Adobe implements a compatible version of theL ir Type 1 scaler, which will be shipped with QuickDraw GX as a component. The new graphics system will be modified to accommodate the interface, such that the particular scaler will be invoked based upon the fo Volumes Wanted Which Off individual glyphs The order of glyphs on the line The spatial location of glyphs on the line 6b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography nt currently selected by the application. Adobe will encode Type 1 fonts as sfnts (as TrueType fonts have been), but will include new outline and hinting table(s) for the Type 1 data. In this way, the Font MN anager will not need to change to accommodate Type 1 fonts, yet Type 1 fonts will be fully functional under QuickDraw GX. Line Layout Features Quick Draw GX has facilities for controlling: The appearance o Visual Volumes Wanted Which To easily differentiate their functionality, WorldScript provides a means of entering and viewing the various written languages, and the QuickDraw GX layout routines operate on the text entered using WorlR.dScript to alter its appearance on the screen. d to perform linguistically correct layout in any language, it is important to keep in mind that it has no language-specific knowledge. All of its functionality is triggered by character-specific information avP ailable from the Script Manager, glyph-specific information contained in the fonts selected for the text, or override information directly specified by your application. This leads to a great amount of flexibil ich combination rules appear, and character glyphs, which have a one-to-one correspondence with character codes. Rendering forms include ligatures, applied marks, and contextual forms. In general, only characteN r glyphs will contain entries in the font s character-to-glyph mapping table (since QuickDraw GX uses other tables in the font to generate rendering forms). Although the QuickDraw GX layout routines can be use associate the glyph ID (or code) $1A01 (which happens to have the appearance ) with the combination of the two characters $0066 ( lowercase f ) followed by $0069 ( lowercase i ). Any font lacking such assocL iative information is called a simple font. All TrueType fonts released with System 7.0 and System 7.0.1 are simple fonts. The glyphs in a complex font can be divided into two classes: rendering forms, for wh mple, in a cursive font a character may have four glyphs: a separate glyph for the character at the beginning, middle, and end of a word, and a glyph for the character in isolation. This is particularly true inJ context-sensitive written languages such as Arabic. A complex font contains information associating some glyph indices with certain combinations of characters and rules. For example, information in a font may is an abstract object having a single and unique semantic or phonetic meaning. A glyph represents the visual, graphical appearance of a character. For example, the glyphs A, A, A are graphical objects which mayF all be used to represent the character A font is a collection of glyphs that usually has some element of design consistency in appearance (such as serifs or stroke thickness), along with other informatio n such as which glyphs represent ligatures or contextual forms. Glyphs do not have a one-to-one relationship to characters: a given character may be represented by one or more glyphs ( could be representedH by a vertical stem plus a dot ), and two or more characters can display as a single glyph ( and could be represented by ). Context also affects the glyph used to represent a character. For exa Urdu-like Variations Vertical With-stream Worldscript 2b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Introduction With the introduction of QuickDraw GX, Apple delivers feature-rich imaging to the Macintosh. One of the most noticeably enhanced areas of the Macintosh imaging environment is the concept of inteltion. Positioning unctionality Hit Testing Glossary References Copyright 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in theH U.S. and other countries. QuickDraw, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Helvetica is a registered trademark of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries. ITC Zapf Chancery is a regI8istered trademark of International Typeface Corporation. Tracking Optical Alignment of Text Edges Automatic Hanging Punctuation Line Centering Alignment to MulF tiple Baselines Drop Caps Justification Model Attachments Vertical Text Support Manipulating Layouts Coordinated F Application Control of Automatic Forms Glyph Order Unicode Reordering Model Specifiable Run Succession for the Line Automatic Linguistic Rearrangement GlyphD Position Positioning Control With-Stream and Cross-Stream Shifting Automatic kerning Automatic Cross-Stream Kerning (Urdu-Like) sible beginning of the glyph. Ligatures A rendering form that represents a combination of two or more individual characters Point size The size of a font s glyphs from the baseline of one line of text to the baL seline of the next line of single-spaced text. Right-side bearing The white space between the visible right side of a glyph and the actual right side of the glyph s space. Script Method used to visually display Original Other Partial Particular Parts Permits Point 9b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography e of an extension bar (or kashida) rather than by the use tutions Succession Superscripte Thing Third Thosegs b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography duce Quickdraw Range References Standard Style Styles Thick Truetype Typography Unicode Variation Version Volume1 Weight While Williams Window Worldwide X-height Fromate Arabic Ascent Assigned Assignment Assigns Assumingd SGcation to have very fine control over the whole justification process. hit-testing, highlighting, and caret routines are sensitive to mixed-directional text (for example, Arabic or Hebrew) on the line, as well as to Indic-style rearrangement on the line. Synchronized highlightP ing, caret, and hit-testing angles Text that has an intrinsic angle to it, such as ITC Zapf Chancery or Times Italic, is easier to edit when the interactive editor makes use of that angle, for example, by sla Omitted Other Outline Permits Pointss Nature Navigate Navigating Nearly Necessarily Necessary Necessitated Needed Needs Networking Networks Never Newer Newest Newly-designed it will be, and without the need for intercharacter spacing. Proportional assignment will be used if an application actually requests it. The following describes some of the facets of the justification model: Multiple simultaneous justification priorities Each TrueType font supplies a set of default mappings from glyph index to priority class. The gap is generally filled in starting at the highest priority class Lines Loosen Loosened Lower Manual Manuallyumbern tment to the normal spacing that occurs between two or more glyphs, usually to improve the apparent letter spacing between characters that fit together naturally. Kerning does not refer to glyphs that overhanJ g their bounds, glyphs that extend beyond their leading, or trailing edges defined by the character origin and advance width. QuickDraw GX layout routines use information in the font tables to determine how mu Never Nonpositional Normally Number Back-end Back-up Backbones Background Backing Backlight Backs Backspace Backups Barrier Barriers Baselines Basic Basics Basis Batteries Battery Robust Robustness Roman Rotate Rotated Rotating Rotation Rough Round-robin Routed Routine Routines Routing Rowbytes Rules Running Sample Satisfactory Satisfied Satisfy Macintosh rmation mation Instructions uctions ctions ctions structions uctions ctions uctions tions ctions structions tructions ctions tions ructions Instructions 14b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Variation axis The dynamic range of a font that allows that font to produce different type styles. For example, a font may vary by its weight from glyphs drawn by a thin line to glyphs drawn by a very thick liWilliams Window Words Worldwide Writing X-height Glyphs Handling Havingsn Improved Improvement Improvements Improves Improving sumes Assumption Automatic Automatically Available Avoids Backing Based Baseline Basis Because Before Beginning Behavior Being Belief Between Boldness Built Called Canbilities Capability Capital Certain Certainly Change Changed Character Characters Choice Choices Choose Chosen Codes Combination Combines Comes Compatible Component Computerlaced 3. Butterick, Matthew, fonts: who cares?, The Active Window, October 1993, pp. 22-26 4. Williams, Gregg, QuickDraw GX: It s Your Type Exactly, Apple Directions, January 1994 5. The Unicode Standard, WorlE?dwide Character Encoding, version 1.0, volume1, Addison-Wesley. trokes Style Stylesyle Stylesaphic points Measurement unit for fonts. A typographic point, as used by PostScript and Quick Forms Functionality Glyph Glyphs Handling Having osen the spacing between each glyph in the run, and can be used for manual kerning or letter spacing. For cross-stream alignment, each glyph in the style run is shifted up (or down) by the given offset. For wH ith-stream alignment, each glyph in the style run is shifted by the given offset closer to (or further from) the previous glyph. Automatic kerning Automatic kerning as applied by QuickDraw GX is the fine adjus Somehowl Specifiable Specific Specificationl QuickDraw GX permits the application to identify the dominant baseline for the whole line, as well as individual baselines for component runs. This permits an application to exercise subtle control over the appR0earance of runs of text relative to each other. on a line, and still get a ragged right edge. Insertion justification and kashidas One of the most complex forms of justification is use Purely Quickdraw Raise Refers Shifted Appearancelied Arabic Glyph Position Unlike nonpositional features, which are concerned with glyph identities and transformations, the positional features of QuickDraw GX are concerned with changes to the positions of glyphs in thB e line. These changes include the positional changes made during the justification process, automatic changes such as kerning or tracking, and manual changes such as superscripting and subscripting. They can oc Right Roman Routines Script Scripts Simple Somesn sents one visual representation of a character. A single character in a font may have many different glyphs that represent it in different contextual situations. Glyph origin The point where QuickDraw GX beginH s drawing the glyph. There may be white space between a glyph s origin and the actual beginning of the visual part of the glyph (known as the left-side bearing). Input order The order in which characters are i Origin Original Other Partial Particular Parts Point Bottoms Boundaries Boundary Bounding Bounds Boxes Brand Breadth Break-throughs Breakthrough Breakthroughs Bridge Baseline Bearing Beginning Begins Being Between Bottom Bottoms Butterick Called Capital Cares Certain Character Characters Collection Color Combination Commonadjustme Hanging Happens Highest However Identify IfSame assigns all remaining gap to it, still subject to the priority loop process previously described. Thus, an application can perform normal processing at one level, and then have an unlimited run at the next loweN r level to take up all the remaining gap. Continuous justification factor Justification is not limited to just full. QuickDraw GX supports continuous justification, with factors specifiable from Lam-alif Language Appropriate Approval Approve Approving Arabic Arbitrarily Arbitrary Architectural Architecture like justification such as that used in Arabic or script Roman. Unlike other models of justification, which are based on a proportional ass Subtle Superscript Superscripting Supplies Supportsen Static Status Step-by-step Steps Stereo Stickey Still Stood Stopped Stream Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Stretching String Strings Strip Stroke Strokes Structure Structures Style 15b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article February 8, 1993 Spacing Spanish Specific Stretching Stroke Strokes Stylesented GX Typography Element English Ensure Existence Extend Extension Faces Factors Falling Finish Font's Fonts Formatting Forms French Gives Glyph Glyph's Glyphs Grouping Hexidecimal Horizontal Identified Imaginary Includes Individual Input Instance Italic Justification Kashidas Kerned Kerning Known Languages Left-side Letter Ligatures Likes Serifs Setting Single Situations Space Specific Stroke Style Drop Caps All languages might wish to take advantage of the relative baseline adjustment capabilities of QuickDraw GX. The creation of so-called drop capitals in Roman fonts could be done by specifying a hangiB ng baseline for the run of text. Justification Model Justification is the process of typographically stretching shrinking a line of text to fit within a given width. The justification model implemented Recognizes Redesigned Refers Reflowing Regular formation Intelligence Intelligent International ttom, middle, or top of each glyph within a font. Bottom-side bearing The white space between the bottom of a glyph space and the visual bottom of the glyph. Bounding box The smallest rectangle that entirely enT closes the pixels of a glyph. Character Symbolic representation of a writing system element with a unique semantic or phonetic meaning. Character code Hexidecimal number that represents a specific character witU.hin a font (has only one glyph per character). Deliver Delivered Delivering Fonts Forms Fully Generally Given Glyph Glyphs Guarantee Handling Hanging Highest However Implemented Includes Index Information Insertion Instance Intercharacter Interword Justification Kashida Kashida-like Kashidas Languages Laserwriter Leading Level Levels Ligature Limited Limits Lower Lowest Mappings Marksll Matches Measurement Method Middle Necessarily Normal Number Opposed Order Ordering Origin Other Others Outline Pairs Particular Point Points Position Postscript Produce Provide Quickdrawight Right-side Roman Rules Scaling Script Scripts Serifs Setting Shrinking Single Single-spaced Situations Space Spacing Spanish Specific Stretching Stroke Strokes Style Samey Raises Raising Range Ranges Rapidly Raster Rates Rather Reads Ready Reaffirming Realistic Rearranged Rearrangement Rearrangements Reason Recalculating Receive Receiver Receives Receiving Recent Recently Recipient Recognizes en you press the right-arrow key: the indivisible approach, which treats the ligature as an indivisible whole for purposes of caret location (though not for purposes of deletion), and the divisible approach, wD hich allows the caret to appear inside the ligature. In both cases, editing still occurs one character at a time, not one glyph at a time. Thus, if the caret were positioned to the right of the ligature, a sing Quickdraw Rather Rearranged Relation Relative Reordered 13b$QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Articlee GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Because Behavior Being Below Calledd vertical text via true vertical metrics present in the font. These metrics may be present in fonts that also contain horizontal metrics; this permits correct layout in either orientation. Manipulating LayoutsL This section describes routines that make use of a layout that has been built in order to implement text editing behaviors. These routines perform actions like hit-testing, highlighting, and carets. Coordina Track Tracking Trailing Treated Truetype Pressed Pressing Pressure Preventing Prevents Previewed Previous Previously Price Price/performance Prices Primarily Primary Primitives Principle Print Reason Recipient Recognizes Reference Reflects Relative Remaining Removing Repertoire Replace Represents Requests Respect Result Resulting Results Right Roman Routines Satisfactory Satisfied ScriptDegrees to permit nonlinear tracking amounts. For example, a different set of values can be used for text from 8 to 12 point, then 12 to 15, 15 to 36, and over 36 point, if the manufacturer so desires. Optical AlignmeD nt of Text Edges Without additional information, glyphs may seem to line up incorrectly at the margins. This is accounted for by two factors. First, glyph advance widths contain a certain amount of extra white Interface Intermixed Interpolate Intervention IntoUnder le backspace would not delete the whole ligature but rather would delete only the , leaving an character. Hit Testing Hit-testing is the name given to the process of converting a location within the liF ne into a character offset in the original string that corresponds to that location. It is a complicated process, given the possibility of reordered and rearranged lines containing ligatures and other combinati elative Rendering Reordered Represent Representation A. The terms first and are always relative to the layout origin, irrespective of character or run directionality. Hit-side and non-hit-side offset These are the character offsets in the original J string that correspond to the hit glyph that was found. The hit-side offset will be the offset corresponding to the side closest to the hit (5 in Figure 25), and the non-hit-side offset will be the other offset ptingWill Within Words Would Writing a glyph (including the white space on each side that fills out a glyph space). The advance width is measured from a glyph s origin to the origin of the next glyph. Alignment Placement of text in relation to onR e or both margins. Ascent line An imaginary horizontal line, chosen by a font designer, that corresponds with the tops of the uppercase letters of the font. Baseline An imaginary line that coincides with the bo Full-featured Fully Function Functional Functionality Fundamental Fundamentally Further Furthermore Future Gains Games Gateway Gateways Gathered Gathering Style Styled Styles Stylewriter Truetype Typography Unicode Variation Version Volume1 Weight While Williams Window Worldwide X-height Yourrnate Appearance Appearances Appears Apple Application August Available Baseline Bearing Beginning Begins Being Between Bottom Bottoms Butterick Called Capital Cares Certain Character Characters Collection Color Combination Common Stops Storage Stored Stores Storing Straight Strategies Strategy Streaks Stream Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Stretch Stretching Strides String Strings Strip Stroke Strokes Strong Structure Structured Structures Study Style it becomes available. References 1. For more positioning information, see the PowerTalk/PowerShare presentation on the Fall 93 ARPL CD. 2. For detailed information on AOCE, PowerTalk, and PowerShare, refP er to the AOCE Concepts folder on the Techlaration of Independence CD, 2nd Edition, August 1993. In particular, see the files AOCE Summer Camp 1993 and AOCE Slides. also offers PowerShare Level Local Macintosh Mailbox Major 1b#PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Briefe PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief PowerTalk/Share Introduction This document presents a high-level description of the AOCE features (PowerTalk/PowerShare), which are a part of System 7.5. This document is not an in-depth review of AOCE technology; AOCE is fah are a part of System 7.5. This document is not an in-depth review of AOCE technology; AOCE is fa Without Working Years Quickdraw rt. Within the Applications module, you can see and launch the new applications and utilities included with your PowerBook. The QuickTips module includes short tips on commonly asked PowerBook questions anI d techniques/information regarding the new programs included with your PowerBook. The Service/Support module includes documents that provide information regarding where yous can obtain technical support info mobil Technology System Strategy And/or Anderson Angle Angles Animation Announced Announcement cated repositories of information such as those implemented by the Apple PowerShare Catalog server. Software developers can provide access to virtuall ution Standard Starting Support System System-software Systems erstanding of the Thread Manager, refer to the following publication: 1. Anderson, Eric and Post, Brad, Concurrent Programming With the Thread Manager, Develop, Issue 17, March 1994, pp. 73 Trashible Data Type Data type is an identifier within the Thread Manager that provides the identity and status of the thread. There are several data types in the Thread Manager. Data types determine the type of threadB (cooperative or preemptive), the state of a thread (running, ready, or stopped), and a set of options for creating new threads. The Main Thread When an application launches with the Thread Manager installed Different Directly Document Dunning Eacht support for messages that contain stylized text, images, and video. Unlike many electronic-mail applications, AppleMail does not require a server. In addition to providing mail capabilities with AppleMail, PoJ werTalk also extends mail functionality to every application by providing a mailer. This mailer provides a standard user interface for a mailing label, which can be attached to documents. Applications that m-software Systems TakeSetdes Industries Information You'll You're Yourself Zones Wordperfect Write acintosh I Finder, via scripts. Scripting Desktop Functions With System 7.5, the Finder also becomes scriptable, meaning that you can now automate system tasks with your scripts. The Scriptable Finder provides full Mission-critical Monitor Multiple Names , the Thread Manager automatically defines the application entry point as the main cooperative thread. The main cooperative thread is commonly referred to as the application thread or main thread. End of the D Thread When threads finish executing, the Thread Manager automatically disposes of them. Preemptive threads are recycled to avoid moving memory. Recycling a thread causes the Thread Manager to clear out the i Resources Resume sent information. The HyperCard Player lets you use stacks, but not create new ones. To learn more about HyperCard, create your own stacks, and find out how to write the instructions (called scripts ) thatI make stacks work, you need HyperCard 2.2, which is available as a retail product. HyperCard 2.2 includes the full-featured version of HyperCard, as well as all the tools and documentation you need to use all mobil ey are collaborating on projects, routing a document through several electronic signature levels, or communicating with each other with disparate electronic mail systems. PowerShare also addresses another key H requirement in today s distributed information systems: network security. Most information traveling on today s local area networks (LANs) can be easily captured by anyone with the appropriate tools. PowerShare tends Facilitate Fairly Features Files Finish First Flown What It Does One of the most important modules is the battery monitor module, which has three different submodules. The first module gives a quick visual indication as to the amount of charge left in the B batteries. Notice that it has a dual battery indication. The second part of battery monitor module is the consumption meter. The consumption shows how efficiently you re using the PowerBook. By dimming mobil ive messaging and directory services. Apple s PowerShare servers, which are built upon the AOCE architecture, will support Windows clients as well as Apple s own PowerTalk clients. And Microsoft will support PoL werTalk clients on its Enterprise Messaging System servers. Specifically, the agreement calls for: Support of AOCE capabilities in Microsoft s Macintosh applications. Access from either the Macintosh or W elected Profiles Provide Provides Providing Quick Ranges PowerTalk/Share PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Brief AAPowerTalk and PowerShare PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Brief Improve Included Includes Indication Informationdd isk) to sophisticated hierarchical, distributed, and replicated repositories of information such as those implemented by the Apple PowerShare Catalog server. Software developers can provide access to virtuallyH any type of database through the catalogs mechanism. AppleMail and Application Support PowerTalk provides a built-in letter application, AppleMail, which provides entry-level mail capabilities that includes nefits Threads Thread Manager Pop-up Popular Popularity Popularized Portability Portable Ported Portfolio Portion Portions Sample Saving Script Scriptability Scriptable Scripted Scripting Scripts Selecting Series Server Servers Services Several Shared Sharing Should Shutdown Shutting Simply Sleep Software Solutions Sound Anomalies omalies Exchange Extension Extensions Files Final Finance Financial First Floppy Folder Following Formats Formatted Formatting Forums Friends Front Functionality Functions General Gives Giving Going Groups Hardware Having Here's Hidden Highlighted Highlights Holding Keeps Latest Launcher/software Learning Library Looking Macintosh Maclinkplus/easy Maclinkplus/translat Makesions an't be opened by your Macintosh programs. Just double-click the file and you will see the list of programs that can open the file with the MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translators. Files are translated (retaining oE riginal formatting) between different Macintosh and PC file formats, as well as between Macintosh formats. Launcher/Software Highlights Launcher is a new control panel that initially was introduced on Perform mobil Techniques Techniques/informati That's a single password; it takes care of the user names and passwords for all known services thereafter. Client/Server Support For larger installations and more complex requirements, Apple also offers PowerShare CD ollaboration Servers software as an optional product to augment the capabilities offered by PowerTalk. PowerTalk includes the client-side software in a PowerShare client/server environment. PowerShare, which sh secures network traffic through network authentication and encryption services that support the exchange of mission-critical or highly sensitive information on existing LANs. Interoperability Between Apple anJ d Microsoft Messaging In keeping with Apple s emphasis on open systems and cross-platform support, Apple and Microsoft recently announced a joint agreement that will ensure interoperation between their respect Third Types Universal Users Bearing Keyboard Layouts Learning Leverage Macintosh Needs Objects Panels Performed Place Point-and-click Portable Power Powerbook Previous Processes Provide Provided Providing Puttingt Shutdown Software Speech-recognition Standard Startup Suite Supported Supporting System These Thing Third-party Through Trash 4b#PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Briefe PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief e desktop Disks Document files Files Folders Font files Gestalt information Info windows Keyboard layouts Processes Script resources Sound files Sui cript elevision Things Through them to be completely processed electronically. This allows any individual or organization to do business with others in a more time- and cost- effective manner. 3b#PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Briefe PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief PowerTalk/Share Process Processed Product Product's Profiles Projects Protected notes, and more. Because PowerTalk supports drag-and-drop delivery, files and folders can be sent to others by simply dragging them onto Information Cards. By defining new catalog templates, developers can exF tend and customize catalog functionality to deliver access to any type of information. The implementation of catalog storage ranges from Personal Catalogs (collections of Information Cards stored on your hard d Applications Applescript ation ow you to open a file when you don't have the application that created it. Document Converter The Macintosh Easy Open system extension also includes a Document Converter. This is a mini-application that caC n be set up to translate files into different application formats by dragging files on top of it. MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translator MacLinkPlus/Translators allow you open MS-DOS or Windows files even if they c mobil Scripts Second Server Service Service/supportgh t Suite. If you are interested in such programmatic detail, please refer to the document Finder Suite 1.1/Draft. When you finish reading this document, you should be able to: Describe the main features ofC the Scriptable Finder. List key customer benefits. Extending AppleScript to Automate Routine or Complex Tasks With System 7.5, Apple builds in the AppleScript scripting technology to enable you to automat Addresses Administration Advantage After Agents Agreement Thread Manager Tech Briefe Thread Manager Tech Brief to fruition, Apple expects to best serve its customers and to lead an industry transformation: From CISC to RISC with PowerPC technology From monolithic applications to component softB ware with OpenDoc From a passive graphical interface to active assistance with Apple Guide From information overload to productive collaboration Apple, Motorola, and IBM have put the PowerPC platform in Microsoft applescript Print Drag and Drop Print GX Graphics Applescript Calendar Your computer has a program called Calendar. With Calendar, you can: Keep track of your daily appointments. Write notes to remind yourself of daily things to do. Copy your Calendar notes E into a word-processing program. Import notes from other calendars and scheduling software. For more information on the Calendar, see the document called Using the Calendar in the Calendar folder on your har mobil Useful User's Users Using Utilities Valuable indows platform to the messaging and directory servers provided by either vendor. Gateways between the two vendors messaging and directory servers. Support for Common Mail Calls (CMC) on both platforms, N resulting in easier cross-platform development for in-house developers. Because PowerTalk is built into the operating system, System 7.5 users will be able to take advantage of this interoperability as soon as itate Fairly Features Field Files Finish First FlowWithin as. The Launcher on PowerBooks (also shown on the desktop as the alias Software Highlights) gives you a single entry point into the value-added software that's on your PowerBook. Launcher lets you see what kiG nd of software is bundled on the PowerBook, launch that software, and provides instructions on how to use the software. Three major modules for the Launcher are the Applications, QuickTips, and Service/Suppo mobil clinkplus/easy Maclinkplus/translat Major Makes Running Runtime Sacrificing Safely Sales Sample Satisfactory Satisfied Satisfy Script Scriptability Scriptable Scripted Scripting Scripts Selecting Series Server Servers Services Several Shared Sharing Should Shutdown Shutting Sleep Software Solutions take advantage of the mailer are mail-capable and allow you to send a given document to any number of people using any available mail system, including fax. The mailer also allows you to attach multiple encloL sures and a digital signature. DigiSign DigiSign digital signatures technology represents a revolutionary new capability at the system level. DigiSign provides a mechanism to electronically approve and verif Support Supports System System-software Systems Teche PowerTalk Key Chain This security technology provides a single mechanism for securing access to multiple network and desktop services, including the mailbox. Whenever you log onto a new service (or AppleShareB volume that is password protected), an entry is made in the PowerTalk Key Chain for that service, and your user name and password to get access to that service are saved. The entire Key Chain is protected by Product Product's Profiles Projects Protected Mobility Bundle PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Article mobil AYPowerBook Mobility Software Bundle PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Article mobil 1b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article of Contents Mobile Operating System Direction and Overview PowerBook File Assistant 1.0 Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 Calendar HyperCard Player 2.2 eWorld OS Extensions PC Exchange Macintosh Easy Open Document Converter MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translator Launcher/Software Highlights PowerBook Control Strip What It Does How It Works mobil Performance Planning Please Powerbook Powerbooks Powershare Powertalk Print Printing Provided Provides Purposefully Questions Quick Quickdraw Quickly Rather Reading Reference Replace Research Resources Screen Screens Scriptable Search Selected Simply Single Smaller Source Sources Specific Strategy Suggestions System Systems Bundled software allows us to provide this out of the box, while our control of the OS and hardware ensures seamless integration at various architectural levels (ROM, OS, and applications). The Software MobilitE y Bundle, as the first step of this strategy, combines a selection of existing Apple software products, OS enhancements, and third-party solutions under a single marketing umbrella, so that the whole can be bet mobil Connect Connected Connecting Connection Connections Connectivity Conscious Consecutive Consequently Conservation Consider Considerable Considerably Considered Considering Consistency Consistent Consistently Consolidate Consolidated Consolidation Consonant Consortium er and need information that is back at your home or office. Your PowerBook comes with the Apple Remote Access Client program. Apple Remote Access provides an easy way to connect your PowerBook to informationO and resources at a remote location. With the Apple Remote Access Client, you can connect to any server compatible with Apple Remote Access including the Apple Remote Access MultiPort Server and the Apple PersP onal Server. mobil Simple Single Software Remote Remounted Removing ce works make this the place to go when you re looking for answers. It s like having a library in your Macintosh. Computer Center The Computer Center is the direct connc ection for in-depth computer news, information, and services. It s the official place for information from Apple Computer, You ll find technical support, thousands of shareware applications, hardware and soft Detailed Dialing Different Differentiated Differentiating Direct orld? This is where to go for on-line assistance. Learning Center Books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference works make this the place to go when you re looking for answers. It s like having a lF ibrary in your Macintosh. Computer Center The Computer Center is the direct connection for in-depth computer news, information, and services. It s the official place for information from Apple Computer, You mobil Making Manuals Market Marketing Marketplace Meeting onize files between: A PowerBook and your desktop Macintosh A PowerBook and a network file server A PowerBook Duo and a PowerBook Duo Dock Detailed instructions for using PowerBook File Assistant are M located in Appendix B of the Getting Started user manuals for the PowerBook 500 Series and PowerBook 280 Series. Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 As a PowerBook user, you will probably travel with your comput mobil Series Server Several Simple Single Software The process of updating the files on both computers is called file synchronization. With the PowerBook File Assistant, you can synchronize individual files or folders. Using PowerBook File Assistant, you caK n link the file you want to synchronize to its copy. Then you tell PowerBook File Assistant whether to update the files automatically or only when you request the update. For example, you might want to synchr mobil Services Several Simple Single Software e Assistant, you can always be sure that the file you are working on is the current version. As a user of both a desktop Macintosh and a PowerBook, you may often have the same file or folder on both computers. I But you may have a problem keeping track of what files are on what computer. The PowerBook File Assistant keeps the most recent version of a file or folder on both your desktop Macintosh and your PowerBook. mobil emaining Remind Remote Request Resources Restarted Retail Overall Overhang Overhead Overlapping Overload Overridden Override Overrides Overriding ind help with managing your investment e portfolio and advice on how to take charge of your money and your assets. OS Extensions Your computer has software that makes it possible for you work with your MS-DOS or Windows files. PC Exchange PC Excha aling Dictionaries Different Differentiated Differentiating Direct ll find technical support, thousands of shareware applications, hardware and software advice, and a wealth of productivity resources. Business & Finance This area offers business and financial news, and informH ation about specific industries. You ll find help with managing your investment portfolio and advice on how to take charge of your money and your assets. OS Extensions Your computer has software that makes i mobil Global Going Great Groups Guide Hardware ers to other electronic-mail services, and with people on the Internet. The eMail Center lets you send and receive electronic mail, and keep in touch with the people you care about. Community Center s whD ere you ll find interactive forums for groups and associations, and a Meeting Place for making new friends. Info Booth Looking for a schedule of events, a directory of services, or general information about eW mobil Making Manuals Market Marketing Marketplace Meeting ffered. The overall message we want to convey to our customers is that PowerBooks are the most complete, well-integrated solution on the market. To accomplish this, we plan on differentiating the product lineC through, among other things, a mobile-centric software experience. Specifically, we will focus on Communications, Integration (between PowerBooks and Desktops, DOS and PDAs), and in the future, Multimedia. mobil ation Looking Lower-left-hand Macintosh Maclinkplus/easy Operating Operation Operationally Operations Operators Opportunities Opportunity Opposed Opposing Opposite Optical Optimize Optimized Optimum Optimum acintosh programs: Micro 3b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle The Apple Remote Access Client is easy to use. Its built-in features include technology that makes even international dialing simple. You can connect to your server easily from anywhere in the world. You w ter communicated than the sum of the parts. Future bundles will build upon this base, increasing our focus on mobility in the areas described above and ensuring a valuable and differentiated product line. erBook File Assistant 1.0 The PowerBook File Assistant is software that synchronizes files on your PowerBook and desktop Macintosh by automatically updating files whenever you make changes. With PowerBook Fil mobil t possible for you work with your MS-DOS or Windows files. PC Exchange PC Exchange allows you to mount your MS-DOS formatted disks on the Macintosh desktop. By simply having the PC Exchange control panel insJ talled, MS-DOS floppy disks will appear on the desktop when inserted. You can use Macintosh programs to work with files that are stored on these MS-DOS or Windows disks. For example, you can open and edit a W mobil Levels Located Location MacintoshRom Seamless KzordPerfect (MS-DOS) file with any one of the following Macintosh programs: Microsoft Word, ClarisWorks, or WordPerfect. mobil ing techniques, you can improve the battery life. The final e 3-by-3 32-bit 32767 32768 Percent 50-50 68040 680x0 7.0.1 72-dot-per-inch Global Globe Glossary Glyph Glyph's Glyph-specific Glyphs Goals Going Government Gracefully Graphic Graphical Graphically Graphics Greatest Important Impossible Impressive Improve Maclinkplus/easy Maclinkplus/translat Mactcp Macworld Magazine's Mail-box Mail-capable Mailbox Mailer Mailing Mainstream Maintain Maintaining Major Maclinkplus/easy Mailing Major Manager Manipulation@ Manufacturer@ Margins@ Message-passing@ Might@ Mimics@ Module Monitor@ More@ Ms-dos Multiport@ Multistep@ Name@ Nature@ Needs Nonpositional@ Numbers Object Obtain Offers On-line Manufacturer Manufacturers Manufacturing Mapped Mapping Mappings March arkets Marks Master Match Matched Matches Matching Material Mathematics Matrix Matter Matthew Mature Maximum Multistep Multitasking Multithreaded Multithreading Multivendor Myriad Newspapers Newsstand Newton Next-generation Nicely Niche Niches Nodes Non-hit-side Non-roman Nonlinear Nonnetworkable Nonoverridden People Percent Perceptible Perfor-mance Perform Performa Performance Performance-sensitiv Performas Performed Performing Place Placed Placement Placing Plain Plains Plaintalk Planned Plans Platform Platforms Playback Player Players Please Plotted Plotter Plotting Plug-and-play Plugged Polygons Pools Shows Shrink Shrinking Shutdown Shutdowns Shutting Sidebar Sides Signature Signatures Signer Significant Significantly Similar Simple Simpler Simplest Simplification Simplified Technologies Technology Technology-based Tedious Telecommunications Telephone Telephone-based Telephone/computer Telephones t-editing Textedit Textual Words Worked Workflow Workgroup Workgroups Working Workplace Works Workspace Workstation Workstation-class Workstations World Zones World World's Worlds Worldscript orldwide Worrying Would Write Writing Written X-height Year-end Years Yield 5b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Macintosh Easy Open Macintosh Easy Open is a system extension from Apple Computer that works with MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translators to deliver file translation as transparently as possible. Together, they all rBook Control Strip, except for the tab, by double-clicking the tab. Clicking the tab when the PowerBook Control Strip is hidden makes the PowerBook Control Strip visible again. To make the PowerBook Control J Strip disappear completely, you can click the Hide button in the PowerBook Control Strip control panel. To move the PowerBook Control Strip to a new position, hold down the Option key, then drag the tab to the mobil Travel What's Where World You'll e application layers so that they will not obscure it. You can move the window for the PowerBook Control Strip to any location on the display as long as the right or left edge of the window is attached to the rH ight or left edge of the display. The PowerBook Control Strip has a tab on its unattached end that you can use for adjusting the length of the strip or for moving it to a new position. You can hide the Powe mobil Where Works World You'll You're Marketplace Shop for products and services from your desktop--check on prices for the latest hardware and software products, and even make travel arrangements. Newsstand With the latest on-line postings from nB ews services around the world, the Newsstand keeps you informed about what s going on in eWorld, and in the world outside. eMail Center Communicate with other eWorld subscribers around the world, with subscrib mobil rmation. It is possible for you to add your own Service/ Support documents by simply adding them to the Service/Support folder in the Launcher Items folder located in the System folder. PowerBook Control StripK The PowerBook Control Strip is a new utility that provides quick and easy access to power management functions from the desktop. When you start your PowerBook, you'll see the PowerBook Control Strip at the l mobil to adjust conservation and performance levels, to put the PowerBook to sleep, and to set sound output levels. How It Works The PowerBook Control Strip is a system extension (INIT) that provides the operatingF environment for control strip modules. It runs on any Macintosh computer with System 7.0 or later. The PowerBook Control Strip is implemented in a private layer that appears in front of the windows in all th mobil Simply Simultaneous Simultaneously Since Single Single-spaced Single-vendor Singular Skewing Skill Slanted Slanting Sleep Slides Slightly Small Smaller Smallest Smart Smooth Smoother Smoothly of HyperCard s features, including color and QuickTime movies. eWorld eWorld is a place were you can send and receive electronic mail, transact business, and find great things to do all from the desktop of yoK ur Macintosh computer. eWorld puts you in touch with the global community of Macintosh users, and it's a direct link to Apple. Navigating through eWorld is as easy and intuitive as using your Macintosh comput mobil Thousands Thread Threading Threads Threat Three Three-dimensional Three-year Threshold Through Throughout Thumbnail Thumbnails ation that can be set up to translate files into different application formats by dragging files desired position. The different parts of the PowerBook Control Strip either display status information or act as buttons. When you click on a button, it is highlighted; some buttons also display additionalL elements such as pop-up menus. By holding down the Option key and clicking on a display area, you can drag the display area to another position in the PowerBook Control Strip. After the parts of the PowerBoo mobil Mjk Control Strip are rearranged, the new arrangement is saved when the computer is shut down and restarted. 7b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article mechanism for securing access to multiple network and desktop services, including the mailbox. Whenever you log onto a new service (or AppleSha Together Translateat the screen, spinning down the hard disk, or using other battery saving techniques, you can improve the battery life. The final element in the battery monitor module is a digital readout of time remaining, D giving accurate information as to how much time is remaining from the battery. Other PowerBook Control Strip modules allow you to turn AppleTalk on/off, to turn File Sharing on/off, to spin down the hard disk, mobil Simple Software Stacks Systems Technology ActuallyllyActuallylly Actuallyllyllylly Actuallyllyllyllyctuallyllyes Actuallyllyllyllyllyllyllyllytuallyllyllytuallyllyallylly Advanced Advances Advantage After Agent Agreement Allow Allows Among ower-left-hand side of your screen. The PowerBook Control Strip consists of a number of different modules, each providing a different kind of functionality. 6b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Np, and sports to interactive adventure games, the Arts & Leisure Pavilion is the entertainment capital of eWorld. 4b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Getting around in eWorld is like getting around in a familiar neighborhood. Several buildings, with different kinds of information and activities provided by major news services and by firms in the forefrM ont of the electronic publishing industry are available to explore. Listed below are the nine major areas to explore: Arts & Leisure With everything from information and discussions about the arts, television mobil 2b/PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Articlee Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Mobile Operating System Direction and Overview Starting with the release of the PowerBook 500 series and PowerBook Duo 280/280c CPUs, a set of PowerBook utilities and operating system (OS) extensions will be o Printing Scriptable Source scriptable Print Thread Mgr. ill find the Apple Remote Access Client software in a folder titled Apple Remote Access on your hard disk. You can install the software by following the instructions in the file installing Apple Remote Access.C In the same folder, you'll also find other useful information about using Apple Remote Access on PowerBooks. For complete information on Apple remote Access, see the Apple Remote Access Client User's Guide. mobil Present Presentation Presented Presents Preserve Press tments Areas Around Arrangement Arrangementsl Cards Client Color Comes Community Complete Computer Connect Create Created Daily Desktop Desktop--check Dialing Different Direct Discussions Document Documentation Documents Easily Electronic Entertainment Environment Everyday Everything Eworld Explore Familiar Features Fields Findardware nternal data structure, reset it, and place the thread in the proper thread pool. (There are two pools: one for cooperative and one for preemptive threads.) Since recycling a thread doesn t move memory, preempF tive threads can dispose of themselves and other threads safely. Requirements The Thread Manager is part of the Macintosh Toolbox. Thread Manager requires System 7 or later. References For an in-depth und Microsoft Module Month's Needs Object Mobility Overview Powertalk/share Typography y data. The data can range from a single cell or field to a complete compound document. With DigiSign, you can attach an electronic signature as well as verify other signatures and determine if a document has bN een altered. For the first time, you can sign documents without the time-consuming process of printing them and circulating them for approval. Instead, documents can be routed through electronic mail, allowing Thousands Three Together Touch Translatesing Built Built-in Bundle Bundled Bundles Burden Burdened Business Button Buttons Bytes Cable Calendar Calendars Scriptable Finder Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Tech BriefFinder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Introduction This document presents a high-level description of the Scriptable Finder, which is part of System 7.5. This document is not intended to be an in-depth look at the finer details of the Finder Evend Includes Indication Scriptable Finder Tech Briefe Scriptable Finder Tech Brief is an identifier within the Thread Manager that provides the identity and status of the thread. There are several data types in the Thread Manager. Data types determine the type of thre twork Networks Offered Offers Distributed Distribution Dithered Dithering Diverge Diverse visibility Divisible Document Documentation Documents Doesn't Dominant Don't Dotted Double-click irect Collection Collections Color Color-capable Colored Colors Colorsync Column Combination Financial Firms First Floppy Focus Folder Folders Following Forefront Formats Formatted Formatting Forums Friends Front Full-featured Functionality Functions Future Games General Getting Gives Giving Global Going Great Groups Guide Hardware most compelling thing that Apple could do to leverage the power of AppleScript and speech-recognition software. Components of the Scriptable Finder The following are components of the Scriptable Finder: Full scriptability and recordability of all Finder functions. You will be able to write scripts that can do anything that could be accomplished using the standard point-and-click interface currently supported Tasks Technology Template Their These , and creating a folder that can be shared. Using AppleScript to script the Finder along with scriptable applications, you could automate the process of updating a weekly report. The script could retrieve and M open the report template from a departmental server and then go onto the administrator s hard disk and open the most recent budget spreadsheet, selecting this month s figures and copying them directly into the Several Should Software Solutions Spreadsheet Suite Major Majority Maker Makers Makes Making Manage Manage-ment Managed Management Manager aging Manipulate Manipulated Manipulating Clipboard Clipped Clipping Clippings Clockwise Close Closed Closedframefill Closely Closer Closest Clues Clutter Co-worker Coachmarks Coalition Codes Coexist Coexistence Collaboration Collaborative Collaboratively Methaphord d disk. HyperCard Player 2.2 HyperCard is an application program you use with interactive documents called stacks. The version of HyperCard that comes with new Apple systems is called the HyperCard PlayerG . You use the HyperCard Player to work with stacks created with other versions of HyperCard. HyperCard is an interactive environment using the everyday methaphor of stacks of cards, buttons, and fields to pre mobil Object Support Library support to the Macintosh Finder, allowing the Finder to be scripted and recorded. For instance, using AppleScript and the desktop functions of the Finder, you could create a script that bK acks up a hard disk onto a server. Taking advantage of the Scriptable Finder, you could also create a script that sets up a File Sharing folder, automatically enabling File Sharing, specifying privileges tware Solutions Specifying Spreadsheet Suite Support Require Required Requirement Requirements Requires anage the ever-increasing flow of elO ectronic correspondence. Mail agents can automatically sort and forward incoming mail, archive mail after it is read, monitor databases and information sources, and create personalized newspapers by delivering General General-purpose Generally Generate Generated Generates Generation Geometric Geometric-based Geometrical Geometries fferent Digital Dimming DirectShown Shows Simple Simply Single Sleep Software Solution Solutions Sound Specific Specifically Spinning Sports Stacks Start Started Starting Status Stored Strategy Strip Submodules Subscribers Second Secondary Section Sections Secure Secures Securing Security Seeded Total@ Trademarks@ Transistors Transparencies@ Transparently@ Trash Types@ Under Union@ Upper-left-hand@ Users Using Variety@ Vendors@ Viewers Viewport's@ Volume Which While Wider Window With@ Without@ Words@ World Worldscript irly mature technology that has been discussed before, and you are invited to review existing documentation for a more thorough understanding of the product s capabilities and positioning. When you finish reC ading this document, you should be able to: Describe the main features of PowerTalk and PowerShare. List key customer benefits. PowerTalk Overview Over the past 10 years, Apple has pioneered collaborati Enhancements Ensures Ensuring Environment Everyday Capability Capable Capital Capitalize Capitals Captured Cards Cares Caret Carets Carried Carry Carrying r the Macintosh Telephony Architecture, including the Telephone Manager. Key Elements of PowerTalk PowerTalk is Apple s collaboration solution for individuals working anytime, anywhere. The communications aspK ects of PowerTalk do not require a server and can be used on a peer-to-peer basis with a modem or AppleTalk local area network. The following sections highlight the key features of PowerTalk: Desktop Mailbox Located Location Macintosh Makes Manuals Market preemptive thread is made to run. Preemptive threads then preempt each other in a round-robin fashion until the interrupted cooperative thread is made ready. Thread Manager Tech Briefe Thread Manager Tech Brief Thread Manager Object Objects ve technologies such as built-in network support, plug-and-play networking setup, and support for all major networking protocols, making Macintosh systems the most-networked brand of personal computer. Apple hE as also been the first to build in support for collaborative computing at the system software level. Starting with System 7.5, collaborative technology becomes part of the standard Macintosh operating system. Ensures Ensuring Entertainment Environment Evenrld PowerTalk lets you enjoy the benefits of a single mailbox and a consistent interface for browsing and searching information, regardless of the number of communications services you use. It provides a single maM ilbox icon for all incoming and outgoing mail including on-line services, fax, voice, electronic mail from various sources, and documents from any application. The universal mailbox makes use of third-party gat Keeps Kinds Latest Learn Leisure Levels Vendors Ver-sion Verbs Verified Verify Version Versions Vertical Vertically Viable Video Videodisk Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewgroup Viewgroup's Viewgroups Viewing Viewport Build Building Buildings Builds Built Businessperson Butterick Button Buttons Bytes Calendar Calendars ments from within an application. Apple began shipping PowerTalk with System 7 Pro in October 1993. As part of System 7.5, PowerTalk becomes available to all System 7 users. Another key element in each personI s collaborative environment is the telephone and, increasingly, the integration of computer and telephone functions. To pave the way for smoother computer/telephone integration, System 7.5 builds in support fo Recognizing the universal need for collaborative technology, Apple created a system-software level foundation for collaborative applications and services the Apple Open Collaboration Environment (AOCE). PowerTaG lk, the first product based on AOCE, is now built into System 7.5. PowerTalk provides a set of collaborative services that allows you to send electronic mail, share files, and digitally and forward docu Times Title Titled Today Today's Together Top-left Top-side ipped in January 1994, provides sharing and administration of centralized collaboration services. By providing for the consolidated administration of shared information catalogs and gateways, PowerShare lets thF e PowerTalk user take advantage of server-based messaging, catalog, authentication, and privacy services on an AppleTalk network. Thus PowerShare enables teams of people to work together more easily, whether th NFeway software that allows seamless information exchange among users. 2b#PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Briefe PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief PowerTalk/Share n services thereafter. Client/Server Support For larger installation Sophisticated Sophistication Sought Sound Source Sources Southeast Space Spaces Spacing Spanish Spatial Special Specialized Specifiable Specific er that logs onto servers, creates folders, and copies files, your Shutdown scripts could archive these folders and delete them from your desktop. Through scripting, the Finder can provide services to thiG rd-party applications. Events and Objects Supported By the Scriptable Finder Events In addition to supporting a variety of constructs from the Core suite, the Finder suite defines Apple events for Cleani mation Instance Intended Interested Introduction Scriptable Finder Tech Briefe Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Improvements Over Previous Finder/AppleScript Capabilities The Finder Event Suite provided with the 7.0 Finder is inadequate for all but the most basic of scripting needs. Providing a Scriptable Finder is thes Given Group aris, Aldus, ACIUS, Deneba, Great Plains, Symantec, WordPerfect, Alladin Systems, CE Software, and UserLand. By providing scriptability, their applications can be linked to each other, and with the Macintosh I Finder, via scripts. Scripting Desktop Functions With System 7.5, the Finder also becomes scriptable, meaning that you can now automate system tasks with your scripts. The Scriptable Finder provides full preadsheet Standard Startup Suite Support Supported ilbox plus AppleMail, a built-in letter application. Catalogs and Information Cards Catalogs store information about users and other objects required to facilitate effective communication. Catalogs store InfoD rmation Cards and provide quick access to the information needed to collaborate with others. Information Cards keep individual or group profiles containing electronic addresses, phone and fax numbers, personal With mail agents that are available from third parties, you can manage the ever-increasing flow of electronic correspondence. Mail agents can automatically sort and forward incoming mail, archive mail after it B is read, monitor databases and information sources, and create personalized newspapers by delivering preselected types of information directly to your desktop mailbox. PowerTalk provides a universal desktop ma m-software Systems report. The script could then enter today s date in the report, open the PowerTalk mailer attached to the report document, identify people on several different mail services to whom it should be sent, and sO end it. Once sent, the script can do a Save As and name the report with the current date, saving it in an archive folder on the server. Previous Finder/AppleScript Capabilities The Finder rovided Provides Providing Recently Refer References Requirement Database Databases Dataviz Date/time Daunted Day-to-day Dealing Deals Decade Decide Decides Decision Decisions Decnet Decrease Decreasing Defines Defining Definition Degree Degrees Delete Deleted Deleting Deletion thers threads of execution at the application level, not at the system level. The Thread Manager has the same rights and privileges as other services in the Macintosh Toolbox. The Thread Manager works on all MacintoC sh platforms running System 7 or later. Thread Manager Overview The Thread Manager has the two types of threads: cooperative and preemptive. Additionally, the Thread Manager provides the basic services for Architecture Archive Aspects Attach Applescript-aware Applescript-capable Applesearch Appletalk Application Application's Applications Applied Apply Applying Appointments Approach Approaches Appropriate Attach e routine or complex tasks offering the broadest range of scripting options available. AppleScript first became available as part of the operating system in System 7 Pro in October, 1993. With System 7.5, ApplE eScript becomes available to all System 7 users. Using AppleScript Watch Me feature in supported applications, you can automate any series of actions, such as reformatting a document or recalculating a sp Architecture Archive Aspects Attach Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Desk accessories The desktop Disks Document files Files Folders Font files Gestalt information Info windows Keyboard layouts Processes Script resources Sound files Suitttach cases The Trash Key Customer Benefits Using the Scriptable Finder, you will be able to: Automate system tasks with AppleScript. Create scripts by recording your actions. Execute scripts automaticC ally when the system is restarted or shut down. Automate frequently performed or complex system tasks. Create scripts without learning the complexities of AppleScript by simply recording your actions. Aspects Attach readsheet. With scripting, you can also easily build custom solutions by combining the most useful features of several applications for instance, a word processing program could be scripted to automatically retG rieve information from a customer database and an accounts payable module to generate a dunning letter. As of early 1994, 80 software developers have announced support for AppleScript, including Microsoft, Cl Standard Startup Suite Support Supported Supporting Pro-cessors Probably Problem Problems Procedural Procedures Proceed Process Processed Processes Processing Processor Processor-based Processors Deliver Delivering Delivery Desktop Determine Developers Digisign Digital Inches Include Included Includes Including Incoming Incompatibilities Incompatibility Incompatible Incorporate Incorporated Incorporates rrectly otivated Motorola Mount Mouse Mouse-up Moved Movement Moves Movies Moving Ms-dos Multilingual Multimedia Multiple Copy-and-paste Copying Copyright Corner Corners Corp's Corporate Names Needed Network Networks Newspapers Notes Number Numbers Objects Offered Offers Operating Optional Organization Other Others Particular Provided Provides Providing Provision Public Publication Publications Publicly Publish Regard Regarding Regardless Region Register-swapped Registered Registry Regular Related Relation Relationship Relative Relatively Release Released Releases Releasing Relevance Relevances Relevant Remaining Remains Remember Remembering Remind Remote Specifying Speech Spinning Split Splitting Spoken Spool Spooled Spooling Spools Sports Spreadsheet Spreadsheets Stable Stack Stacks Stage Stamp Stand-alone Standard Standardized Standards Stands Start Started Starting Starts Startup State Two-byte Two-dimensional Type1 Typeface Typefaces ng up icons Ejecting disks Emptying the Trash Putting away icons Restarting a computer Shutting down a computer Putting a Macintosh Portable or PowerBook computer into sleep mode Objects following objects are supported by the Scriptable Finder: Finder aliases The Finder application Application files Containers such as folders and disks Windows for Finder containers Control pJ anels Became If you are interested in such programmatic detail, please refer to the document Finder Suite 1.1/Draft. When you finish reading this document, you should be able to: Describe the main features ofC the Scriptable Finder. List key customer benefits. Extending AppleScript to Automate Routine or Complex Tasks With System 7.5, Apple builds in the AppleScript scripting technology to enable you to automat Margins Markers Market Marketing Marketplace Markets Marks Massive Master Match Matched Matches Matching Material Mathematics Matrix Matter Matthew Mature Maximum Cooperative threading in the Thread Manager works similar to the cooperative threading in the earlier Threads Package. The advantage of using the Thread Manager is that thread stacks are register-swappedK during a context switch. Preemptive Threads Preemptive threads allow true multitasking at the application level. When an application gets control from the Process Manager, preemptive threads for that applica Several Should Software Solutions Spreadsheet Suite by the Finder. You create sample scripts by turning on recording and using the standard point-and-click interface. The Shutdown Items folder found in the System Folder. Items in this folder are automaticaE lly run when the system is restarted or shutdown. You may place a custom script in this folder and have it run whenever you shut down your Macintosh. For example, if you have scripts in the Startup Items fold These Affect@ Alignment Already Alternate Among Anomalies@ Another@ Applescript Applescript-aware@ Appleshare@ Applications Appropriate Architecture Assistance Assumptions@ Automatically Availability@ Back@ Base@ Became@ Because@ Benefit@ Better Bottoms Brief@ Build@ Built able interaction; it is possible for them to affect each other because there is no system-enforced protection between threads. Threads also share the open files; each thread sees the same open files. If one tG hread opens a file, another thread can read it. If shared data changes, it can be seen by other threads in the process. Cooperative Threads Cooperative threads allow cooperative multitasking. They are the m riables Within Working Works Yield tion are allowed to run. Preemptive threads differ from cooperative threads because they can interrupt the currently executing thread at any time to resume execution. Preemptive threads can be designed to yieM ld back to the just-preempted cooperative thread using a Thread Manager yield call or to wait for its time quantum to expire. If the interrupted cooperative thread is in the stopped state, the next available creating, scheduling, and deleting threads and for gathering thread status. Thread A thread is a sequence of instructions executed in a program. A thread has a program counter and a stack to keep track of lE ocal variables and return addresses. A multithreaded process is associated with one or more threads. Threads share process instructions and most of its data. Threads that share the process state have consider Variables Within Working Works Yield Thread Manager Thread Manager Tech Brief Thread Manager Tech Briefe Thread Manager Tech Brief Thread Manager Introduction The Thread Manager is an addition to the Macintosh Toolbox that enables concurrent programming for true multitasking within an application. The Thread Manager supports cooperative and preemptive operative and preemptive ecomes Benefits ost effective to use for scheduling and accessing Toolbox traps. Cooperative threads have the same capability as a standard application when working with memory allocation, file I/O, QuickDraw, and other resouI rces. Operationally, cooperative threads yield to other cooperative threads only when the application explicitly makes one of the Thread Manager yield calls or changes the state of the current cooperative thre Types Variables Within Working Works Addresses Adhere Adjacent Adjust Adjusted Adjusting Adjustment Administration Administrative Administrator Administrator's Administrators Adminstration Adobe Adobe's Adopt Adoption Advance Advanced Advantage Advantages Adventure Advice Intersect Intersected Interval Intervention Interword Intra-application Intrinsic Intrinsically Introduce Introduced Introduces Automatically Available Backs Basic Became Becomes Benefits Brief Broadest Budget Build Builds Capabilities Print Mobility TA mobility Print PowerTalk/Share Powershare Print Script. Finder scriptable out losing content from version to version. A Future Foundation. OpenDoc capabilities will first become available in 1994 and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc wi[ ll act as the foundation for future Macintosh operating system releases and become the vehicle by which many of Apple s newest system-level features will be made available to customers. Apple will introduce new Bundle Competitive Document tions tions ations Company Company Company ompany ompany Company mpany Company Completion Complexity Component Computer Computers Computing graphics Print GX Overview Print OS Strategy strategy Print Competitive WP petitive WP rint Competitive WP competitive overview Print GX Print Tech. printing Print GX Typography Text-based Approach Applescrip Applescript Competition 7b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategyndard compo-nent software architecture being developed by Apple, WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, and others through CI Labs, offers several major advances for users of aeveral major advances for users of aickdraw Business Businesses Businessperson Butterick Button Buttons Bytes Cable Calendar Calendars memory requirements, though the features are often not used by the customers. The result: As software becomes more powerful and feature-rich, it also becomes more difficult to use and update. And because appliR cations are so costly to develop and maintain, only a few developers can afford to produce them thus limiting opportunities for developers and the range of software choices for customers. OpenDoc, a new archite ystem Strategy Umard for the Taligent platform, IBM and Motorola for the PowerPC processor architecture, and IBM for Kaleida. 5b#Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy 9b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy Foundations for the Future: OpenDoc and Open Transport. With support for networks and all major operating system platforms, OpenDoc will provide two key advances to Apple s leadership in collaboration. First, O documents among everyone in a workgroup even those with different hardware platforms. Second, Personal Pieter Platform Popular Possible Powerng cture being developed by Apple and other industry leaders, will enable software vendors to offer to their customers smaller applications also called components or objects that work together transparently. With T OpenDoc, users will be able to focus directly on their work rather than grappling with unwieldy, do-everything software programs. are and data if they move to new technology? How can they avoid System Systems Tcp/ip Technology Their Introduction Personal computers have changed our lives. With them, millions of individuals can communicate with each other locally or around the globe; have unprecedented access to information; and are more prB oductive at work, home, and school. But personal computing is pushing the limits of current hardware and software technology. Users need greater power to handle larger, more sophisticated applications. The gra d recognition that applications need to become simpler. Today, users must frequently cut and paste between various applications to create a single document a cumbersome and error-prone process. Too often, peoplP e must focus on the tools they re using rather than the tasks they re trying to accomplish. At the same time, developers continue to add more features to software, which creates increased complexity and higher Created offers a superior environment for customized solutions. With OSA support, OpenDoc will have built-in scripting, allowing an even higher level of user customization. OpenDoc also supports networki ng, which enables the integration of custom workflow solutions and provides richer collaboration services such as automatic document histories, which store multiple versions of the document in one file and allo artments Custom ce and language processing Apple expects that there will be hundreds of applications optimized for the speed of the Power Macintosh in the coming months. More than 100 companies have officially announced that N they will be delivering native versions of their products to take advantage of the speed and performance of the Power Macintosh platform. OpenDoc: Enabling Solutions that Work the Way You Do There s widesprea Expanding Experience Fitting Flexibility Strategy System Technologies Technology Telephone Television Their Applications Applied Apply Applying Appointments Approach Approaches Appropriate first become available in 1994 and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc will act as the foundation for future Macintosh operating system chnology allows PowerTalk to act as a universal electronic-mail client to virtually any mail service. Macintosh Application Environment for UNIX Users. For several years, Apple has offered an industry-standaP rd UNIX implementation on the Macintosh platform, providing UNIX customers with the true multitasking advantages of UNIX plus the usability and application base of the Macintosh. At the same time, developers ha Windows Without processor-based Macintosh systems, has already been seeded to developers and will ship in 1994. Cross-Platform Services Besides Open Transport, Apple offers other services for customers working in multiple enviN ronments. For instance, Apple s QuickTime multimedia software architecture supports Macintosh and Windows systems and has become the de facto multimedia standard for both. And Apple s PowerTalk collaboration te ents, managing files, and printing. In the study, Macintosh users completed the suite of tasks in 44 percent less time than Windows users doing the same tasks. Furthermore, Macintosh users completed 85 percent R]of their tasks correctly, while Windows users completed only 58 percent of theirs correctly. tected. Fitting into the customer s existing computing environment and providing a smooth migration pplescript Itself Provide 3b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy many customers. ve been able to reach a broader market with their Macintosh applications. Now, Apple is also licensing a set of Macintosh operating system services called Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) to other UNIX R hardware vendors. This means UNIX users have a broader choice of hardware platforms while still enjoying the advantages of the Macintosh application base and user experience. OpenDoc, Open Industry Technology nting Which While Windows Without ntly to bring them the results they want. New developments will continue to help customers navigate vast stores of information and collaborate with others without concern for the platforms or protocols involvedI First in Networking and Collaboration. In 1985, Apple became the first personal computer vendor to offer built-in networking with its AppleTalk protocol. AppleTalk offered plug-and-play networking with no ne Where Which Widespread World le will address both sides of the client/ server equation with several developments. On the server side, there will be servers based on PowerPC technology as well as increasing support for Windows, UNIX, and otG her clients. Through an agreement with Microsoft, PowerShare and Microsoft servers will interoperate, and information will be shared across the Macintosh and Windows client platforms. And, within a couple of ye iting Doing Dominant Dominate Don't Dos-formatted Dotted Double Double-click ithin the docume nt window. In contrast to OpenDoc, OLE is a closed architecture and has no announced support for all major platforms. Superior Customization and Collaboration. Besides interoperating with existing applications The OpenDoc component software architecture (described in detail on page 9) will provide further support for Windows, OS/2, and UNIX applications. Several industry leaders including Apple, WordPerfect, Novell, T IBM, Borland, Sun, Taligent, and others have announced support for the OpenDoc platform. With OpenDoc, Apple is building on its current successes in partnering with industry leaders such as IBM and Hewlett-Pack Business Call@ Case@ Catalogs@ Chancery@ work on shared documents without losing content from version to version. A Future Foundation. OpenDoc capabilities will first b ecome available in 1994 and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc will act as the foundation for future Macintosh operating system releases and become the vehicle by which many of Apple them, the question is: Which vendor will take me into the future most smoothly? Recognizing these concerns, Apple Computer, Inc., has created a smooth migration path for all personal computer users. BeginningL in 1994, Apple is bringing the power of RISC performance, object software technology, built-in collaboration services, and user interface advances to Macintosh, DOS, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 users without disru the customer. Too often, new platforms can be incompatible with the old. As a result, people face the dilemma of maintaining their existing investments in software, hardware, and training while wanting to take J advantage of major innovations. They need solutions that bridge their current computing environment with tomorrow s capabilities and provide the best long-term investment for solutions they purchase today. For Applescript Competition ption and for a reasonable price. Fitting In While Standing Out Apple has always stood out by offering superior products, combining better quality and usability with award-winning design and technology leadeN rship. Apple has a proven track record of technology leadership, including the introduction of the graphical user interface in 1984 and built-in networking support. But more important, over the 10-year history lity offered by objects or components. Networking. Data communications, now expanding to the consumer marketplace, will be enriched with services for data management and collaborative work. User interfacH e. The passive graphical interface will be replaced by an intelligent interface that offers active assistance. While these advances offer significant leaps in productivity, they can also cause disruptions for s will transform the computer industry and affect users on all platforms, providing unprece-dented price/performance, flexibility, and usability. These transitions will occur from the base hardware up to the usF er experience level: Microprocessor. RISC technology will soon show significant performance gains unachievable by CISC technology. Applications. Do-everything applications will evolve to gain the flexibi Typography of the Macintosh, Apple s customers have benefited from continuing innovations with virtually no disruptions in application compatibility, networking, or data exchange. And Apple s innovations have resulted in P better productivity for Macintosh users. Consulting firm Arthur D. Little recently measured the productivity of more than 100 business computer users across 24 different computing tasks including editing docu-m multiple formats, competing communication services, and sheer bulk of information they receive. Increasingly, it s becoming obvious that information at our fingertips isn t enough. What we need are technologiesG that help us manage the information, not just get more of it. Apple has already demonstrated industry-leading directions in collaborative technologies that enable people to manage their communications efficie Jockeying formation and collaborate with others without concern for the platforms or protocols involved. To provide advanced collaborative solutions, strong, consistent networking capabilities must be built direct ly into the operating system. Customers should be able to deploy systems, applications, and services and have them transparently take advantage of the appropriate network protocol. Toward that end, Apple is d sier than ever for users, system administrators, and developers, Apple is developing the Open Transport Communications Architecture. Open Transport will give developers a unified set of application programming J interfaces (APIs) that will allow them to write a single application that will automatically support all major networking protocols. Besides simplifying development, Open Transport will allow developers to impl Internet Interoperability Interoperate Interoperation The Need for Compatibility While making sure that new Macintosh technologies provide upward compatibility for the Macintosh installed base, Apple has also recognized the need for compatibility with the rest of B the computing world introducing dozens of products and technologies that support industry standards and cross-platform computing. Simultaneously, Apple has evolved from its proprietary approach of the past to a -sistors Transform Transistors Transitions Transmission ith performance enhancements that will easily scale upwards over the next several years. The Next Twelve Months In the coming year, Apple is delivering products that show significant advances in raw computing L power, application integration, user interface technologies, and collabora-tion. In every category, customers will see immediate benefits from these new standards. The Move to RISC: PowerPC Technology Apple re Twelve user can create a document containing word processing, spreadsheet, graphics, and other types of functional areas. Clicking on any of these areas brings up the appropriate tools to edit that data type. For instG ance, clicking on the spreadsheet area would cause spreadsheet-specific menus and tools to appear. Since everything is in one document, there s no cutting and pasting required to consolidate information Viewers Visual Voice Wellng Telephony Telephony-aware Telephony-based Template Templates Tends Terminology Terms Tested Testing Text-editing Text-to-speech Textedit Textual ability to switch easily between applications, and the ability to add fonts and desk accessories simply by dragging the icons into the System Folder Background printing, peer-to-peer file sharing, and netwoR rking all built into the system, with PowerTalk collaboration services available through an upgrade kit; and support for telephone/computer integration with GeoPort telecommunications software Schoolported RISC platform in the Power Macintosh line of computers. This means that virtually all of today s thousands of Macintosh applications will run on the RISC-based Macintosh systems without modification. MacintoshP users can take advantage of the power of RISC with no disruption of their current applications, data, or networks. Because of their superior performance, Power Macintosh systems are also able to run most Win Unicode Unified Unique Universal Universally University ng consumer and education as well as business environments. To simplify information retrieval in client/server environments, Apple has introduced an agent technology called AppleSearch. AppleSearch indexes infK ormation at the server end and allows client-side Reporters to retrieve selected data from the server according to the user s specifications. Through AppleSearch, users will more easily navigate vast stores o tware vendors as partners. Because Apple is working with other industry leaders via CI Labs to develop OpenDoc, this consistency will go one step further: OpenDoc applications will be seamlessly integrated anK d represented through a single interface even across multiple platforms so users can focus on their work, rather than the application or hardware system on which they are working. When OpenDoc applications and Manufacturing Market Markets Means Messaging Microsoft o smaller, easily customized programs called parts. Users will be able to conveniently combine their favorite component parts from different vendors just as they might combine the components in a stereo systE to create a unified, customized workspace that contains multiple functions. With OpenDoc, they will be able to edit any data directly in any document without having to switch applications. Using OpenDoc, a Video Viewers Visual Voice Acting as an electronic assistant that leaps beyond traditional help systems, Apple Guide leads the user through specific procedures one step at a time, actually guiding the user through to the completion of thB e task. Apple Guide also provides coachmarks on the screen that provide visual clues by circling items such as menu selections. The user doesn t need to look up directions in a printed or on-line manual and g Graphics Graphics-based Grappling Great Greater Greatest a scalable platform that will alloO w users to migrate from mobile devices up to workstation capabilities while using the same software and graphical interface. And all performance-sensitive features of the operating system will run native. Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple Multithreading Networking e features in the Macintosh operating system that start the movement toward an increasingly natural interaction between the user and computer. Major New Features for Both 680x0 and Power Macintosh Systems. SyI stem 7.x which runs on both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems provides technology that actively assists the user, elegantly simplifies several tasks, and introduces the advanced graphics capabilities of QuickDr nology, Usable Now Apple has built its reputation as a technology innovator, providing products and technologies that make computers easier to use and more powerful for mainstream customers. Apple will continuD e this leadership role by creating the most immediately usable implementations of RISC, component software, collaboration technologies, and active assistance. By offering superior solutions in these four key ar Without Wordperfect Working Workstations World l foundation for collaborative applications and services the Apple Open Collaboration Environment (AOCE). PowerTalk, the first product based on AOCE, provides a set of collaborative services such as mail and meM ssaging, digital signatures, and security and is the first to integrate these services into a personal computer operating system. This means that users can send electronic mail, share files, and and forw CISC technology, the PowerPC RISC chips are decreasing in numbers of tran-sistors. The first PowerPC chip the 601 uses 2.8 million transistors, while the next version the 603 uses only 1.6 million transistors. L This simpler design results in lower manufacturing costs, enabling price/performance breakthroughs for a larger number of customers. In addition, lower power requirements allow RISC-based products to be scalabl Assistance Assistant Assistants Assists Associate Associated Associating Associations Associative Assume Assumed Assumes Assuming Assumption k collaboratively in the manner that suits them best. Across the board, customers will be able to migrate to the next level of price/ performa olume RISC pro-cessors in the world and a better price/performance alternative to the Intel 80x86 CISC architecture. And Apple s Power Macintosh implementation is predicted to be the highest-volume RISC-based pF latform. According to personal computer market an-alyst Pieter Hartsook, Macintosh on PowerPC will represent nine of every 10 PowerPC systems and, by the end of 1996, will have between 20 and 25 percent of new Workspace Workstations World Worrying Would Writeently ll platforms. The key benefits of OpenDoc include: The ability to focus on your work, not on the computer In-place editing of any data in any document Plug-and-play interoperability of components acroC ss platforms through CI Lab validation Fast, easy, custom solutions Data sharing across platforms, over networks Convenience and Customization. OpenDoc will transform today s mono-lithic applications int Without Wordperfect Workspace World technical markets, and business. A new wave of software will then bring unprecedented capabilities to personal computing, including: Intelligent software that anticipates and automates commands SignificL ant advances in animation and high-resolution video Integrated telephone systems for transparent modem, fax, and voice communications Improvements in speech recognition, text-to-speech conversion, and voi anizations can reduce training and support costs by creating their own interactive Apple Guide databases to lead users through tasks that are unique to their company or organization. Leveraging the Power of RIF SC. Using the increased performance of RISC, system software will become smarter, more flexible, and able to anticipate and auto-mate specific tasks. Interaction will become increasingly natural and the compute Predicted onto the desktop or into an open file. Cutting and pasting are no longer required. QuickDraw GX. The powerful graphics capabilities of QuickDraw GX bring advanced color management, typography, and printingQ features to the Macintosh. In addition, QuickDraw GX has been optimized for the PowerPC processor so that Power Macintosh users will experience impressive performance in graphics processing. (See sidebar for ustryeifico Offers Office Official Officially Officials Offset Offsets Often Often-repeated Older Omitted On-line ard documents from within an application (see sidebar for summary of features), without a separate mail application. The Power of PowerTalk With PowerTalk, the Macintosh operating system becomes the first to O offer system-level support for collaborative services such as: A universal desktop mailbox that provides a single way to send and receive all forms of electronic correspondence including voice mail, electr Mobile Model Modem Mono-lithic Months Offered r itself will become an active assistant, with new system-level features such as improved speech and more realistic three-dimensional imaging. All these user interface advances extend a key Apple goal: to refiH ne the technology so that the complexity is hidden from the user. As Apple makes the interface smarter and more convenient, people can work in ways best suited to their needs. Delivering On The Promise: A Thre roductnt onic mail, electronic forms, faxes, and scheduling requests from within applications An extensible catalog framework that provides consistent access to all of the information people may need to collaborate wQ ith others, allowing for much simpler and richer collaboration than previously possible Transparent security capabilities that automatically ensure privacy in network communications Digital signature cap Write Writing Written Year-end Years ation Union Unique Universal Universally University Unlimited Unprece-dented Unprecedented Unrelated Until Unused Unwieldy Upcoming Update Updated Updating Upgrade Upgrades Upper Upper-left AppleScript, scripts will be able to incorporate Finder activities. For instance, using AppleScript, a user could automatically back up a hard disk, archive information, or turn File Sharing off or on. MacinO tosh Drag and Drop. With Macintosh Drag and Drop, users can move data between applications or onto the desktop in a single step. Simply select the data (text, graphics, etc.) and drag it to the desired location Making Typography White ser's Users Using Value Vendors Versions Video Viewers Visual Whatever Which While Windows Manager@ Mobility@ Overview@ Potential@ Many@ Many@ Many@ ship@ Many@ Many@ Manual@ rts, enabling users to take immediate advantage of the ne w technologies in all OpenDoc-compliant applications. Directions for 1995 and 1996 The Apple initiatives outlined above will take full advantage of the industry advances in RISC computing, component software, omplex tasks by following on-screen prompts. Applications that support Apple Guide will offer similar capabilities from within the application, leading users through the steps required to perform particular oM perations. In addition, Apple Guide can be custom-ized to lead users through tasks that are unique to a particular company, school, or organization. Scriptable Finder. Because this new Finder will work with Specific ess information and work collaboratively in the manner that suits them best. Across the board, customers will be able to migrate to the next level of price/ performance and usability without sacrificing their JVcurrent investments. Innovation will no longer mean incompatibility, but opportunity. 16b#Macintosh Operating System Strategy "Macintosh System Software Strategy Networks Objectss ct line will migrate to PowerPC processor-based based UNIX systems. Taligent and Kaleida Labs Taligent will release its object-oriented operating system, which will also run on the PowerPC processor, and its oH bjects will operate as OpenDoc parts. Apple will bring Taligent into its product line as appropriate for particular customers. For instance, Taligent s hardware-independent approach makes it ideal for enterpris Worldscript Yearstosh-like Mailbox Majorly twork reconfiguration required to add or delete nodes. By adding support for all major networking protocols, Macintosh systems have become the most-networked brand of personal computer. And with Apple Remote AcK cess, mobile users can have access to desktop systems, local area networks, or servers from off-site locations. Recognizing the universal need for collaborative technology, Apple created a system software-leve World e GUI to one of active assistance. The interface will accomplish specific tasks with minimal direction and even anticipate user preferences and needs. Users will benefit from an intelligent interface that adaptS s to their way of working. A System Adapted to Your Work Style. Beginning with the next reference release of the System 7 operating system, Apple will begin to deliver system software that helps users become m Quickly e-Year Plan The trends toward RISC, component software, collaboration, and active assistance will transform the computer industry for the better. But customers must consider how to take advantage of these trenJ ds without disrupting their work or losing the value of their current investments. The Apple platforms being introduced in this year and refined over the next two years represent the best long-term investment ypeew Newer andard: OpenDoc Third-party developers have already begun work on component applications that support the OpenDoc architecture on Macintosh systems. By midyear 1994, 15,000 developers, in-house developers, and R customers are expected to be seeded with beta software, and Apple expects strong software support for the OpenDoc introduction later in 1994. e/performance break-throughs in multimedia and deskt Alsobility ty to run DOS and Windows applications as well. There are no announced plans for MS-DOS- or Windows-based systems to be ported to the PowerPC platform or any other RISC microprocessor. System 7 offers the bestP user experience in the industry with the following key features: Integrated Finder software, which provides the simplest, most natural way to manage files and applications by providing long file names, the 12b#Macintosh Operating System Strategy end of the year, Apple plans to provide: More sophisticated and active assistance Increased data portability Improved graphics and speech recognition Greater connectivity ower Macintosh systems, Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open become pervasively available with this release. MacE TCP. System 7.x includes built-in support for the TCP/IP networking protocol. These user-interface enhancements, built-in collaboration and standards support, and advanced graphics capabilities give a glimpse Video Which Windows Within Year-end Switch Switching Symantec Symbolic Symbols Synchronization Synchronize Synchronized Synchronizes Input Integration Macintosh Ms-dos Multimedia Operating Optimized Output Performance Platform Playback Potential Power Powerpc Quicktime Routine Scripting Software Sound Speed Superior Support System Taking Tasks Technology Through Truetype Utilities Video Windows y between Apple s collaborative technologies and other platforms A Quick Look at QuickDraw GX Apple is widely acknowledged for its leadership in graphics. Graphics have made the Macintosh what it is and continH ue to be the vehicle through which Apple delivers increasingly realistic imaging, support for multiple languages, professional publishing capabilities, and price/performance break-throughs in multimedia and des tstherms eed. Among these are the QuickTime multimedia architecture for higher-resolution video and PlainTalk speech recognition. QuickDraw GX, Apple s new graphics architecture, will upon introduction be optimized for E the Power Macintosh (see next section for details). In the coming months, Apple will optimize additional features for the PowerPC processor and introduce new technologies such as three-dimensional graphics tha roductivec on of applications and automation of routine tasks through AppleScript software MS-DOS and Windows file compatibility via Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open utilities Optimized for Performance. NC ew enhancements to the System 7 operating system begin to show the true potential of the PowerPC platform. Key features of System 7 have been optimized for the PowerPC chip, taking advantage of its power and sp ansport o through the trial-and-error process of following written instructions. Apple Guide will be offered for both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems. Since Apple Guide is built into the operating system, it will qD uickly become the standard way of providing help and access to advanced functionality. Apple expects that all major vendors will support it in their applications. In addition, businesses, schools, and other org Powerbook@ Printing Quickdraw@ Scriptable@ Software@ Strategy@ Tech@ Thread@ Typography@ 1980s@ 3-by-3@ 680x0@ Able@ Abundance@ Accounted@ Adding Addresses@ Again Allowing Angle Anything Appleevents@ ntegration Labor-intensive@ Manage@ More@ Numbers@ Potential Providing@ Reserved@ Server-based@ 11b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Windows Within Year-end Productivity Prompts Provide Provides Quickdrawisting Ma Thread Three-year Three-year oday's Transparency Transport Trying Typography Underlying University User's Users Vendors Versions Video Viewers Whatever Which While Windows Within Workflow Workgroup Mac OS Strategy Thread Manager. The Thread Manager enables concurrent processing within applications. With multithreading, simple subprocesses can proceed concurrently in the same application. For instance, recalculations aB nd data input could occur simultaneously. While some application developers have implemented this feature into their own products, the Thread Manager will facilitate this for all software vendors. Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open. Like the version of System 7 on the Power Macintosh, this new version will offer Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open, utilities that allow Macintosh applicationsD to read MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 files. Because System 7.x runs on both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems, Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open become pervasively available with this release. MacT rences superior environment for customized solutions. With OSA support, OpenDoc will have built-in scripting, allowing an even higher level of user customization. OpenDoc also supports networking, which enables the inG tegration of custom workflow solutions and provides richer collaboration services such as automatic document histories, which store multiple versions of the document in one file and allow the user to view past out an individual s preferences. Active assistance will be built into the operating system and set a new standard for the kind of interface that users will expect. 14b#Macintosh Operating System Strategy ypographyich Superscript Superscripting Superscripts Supplied Supplies Supply Support Supported Supporting Supports Suppose Surpassing Surrounded Survey Swash Switch via desktop printer icons and improved print management Improved system-level graphics routines that enable developers to create applications that can rotate, stretch, and skew objects (including text) aP nd incorporate graphics functionality into a broader range of applications Support for the 680x0 family of CPUs, with optimized performance for the PowerPC processor The Emergence of a Component Software St Unique ia built-in ColorSync technology Portable documents that can be savedand then viewed and printed by others who may not have the original applications or fonts More sophisticated, legible typography pecifically, support for international type and text in any combination of script systems, or any reading direction (left, right, up, or down) on any page of a document Simplified yet more powerful printing Unique the PowerPC platform, working in cooperation with IBM. In addition, other UNIX vendors will offer PowerPC processor-based computers that run both UNIX and the Macintosh Application Environment. (MAE is a set ofF Macintosh services such as QuickTime, AOCE, AppleScript, and QuickDraw GX licensed by Apple to support Macintosh application software.) As with Apple s desktop and portable systems, all of Apple s server produ Three-dimensional Through Truetype Typographyich Wealth Weave Weekly Weight Well-integrated Well-understood What's Whatever h-nologies through three-dimensional graphics and Unicode support for even better localization support. In 1994, Apple will deliver QuickDraw GX, a new graphics architecture built into System 7.x. With QuickDL raw GX, Apple will take impressive strides in color manage-ment, typography, and printing features for all Macintosh users, including: Consistent, predictable, easy-to-use color input, display, and output v Software Source Speech peech Speech Speech Speech Speech peech Speech Speech Speech Speech Speech ing Open Transport, a communications architecture that will give developers a single set of APIs that allow them to write a single application that automatically supports all major networking protocols. With thE e Open Transport architecture, users will be able to freely select the applications they want while network administrators can deploy whatever networking protocols they choose. The Client/Server Equation. App Focus Folder Folders Follow Follow-on Follow-up Followed Following Follows e made available to customers. Apple will introduce new technologies as OpenDoc parts, enabl orms. From the start, it will provide interoperation across platforms and bring the benefits of component software to the broadest audience possible. Users will be able to focus on the content of their work ratH her than on manipulating the tools needed to get it done. OpenDoc, along with PowerTalk, Open Transport, and Apple s PowerPC technology-based servers, will provide users on multiple platforms the ability to acc Strategy Thread Typography oftware, and Apple exe pects strong software support for the OpenDoc introduction later in 1994. Because compliance with the OpenDoc specification will be verified by CI Labs, developers will be able to write OpenDoc parts that run Opendoc Operating Other Parts Personal Platformsansport ability to run DOS and Windows programs, and feature the new Macintosh user environment that will replace the old graphical user interface with active assistance. It will provide an uninterrupted migration to aF dvanced technology for users from all major platforms. At the same time, Apple and CI Labs will establish OpenDoc as a new component software architecture for all major personal computing and workstation platf Point Point's Point-and-click Point-to-point Pointer Points Poised Polygon Polygons Pools rong software support for the OpenDoc introduction later in 1994. Because compliance with the OpenDoc specification will be verified by CI Labs, developers will be able to write OpenDoc parts that Joined Joint Leader-ship Level Leveraged Licensed Localization Long-range Long-term Longer Macintosh Mainstream Major Makes Manipulating Manner Migrate Migration Mixed Mobile Monolithic Motorola Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple Needed Networks Newton Novell Number-one Object Overriding Particular Partnered Parts Peer-to-peer Perfor-mance Personal Place Plans Platform Platforms Players Portable Positioned Powerpc Technologies Update Users Vendor singular position to establish the next industry standard for personal computing. Concurrently, Apple will establish System 7 as the number-one operating system develops both the hardware and operating system,D it can ensure the best performance and long-term consistency. System 7 will be the best mainstream operating system for PowerPC platforms because it will support thousands of software applications, offer the Multiple Networks Newton Object-oriented Objects Finder Graphics Mac OS Strategy stments Level Long-term Longer Macintosh Mainstream Major Manipulating Manner Migrate Migration Monolithic Motorola Multiple Needed Number-one Offer Opendoc Operating Opportunity Overload Passive Performance Thousands Tools Transformation Transport Uninterrupted Usability Users Windows Without Workstation time, Apple and CI Lab The Highest-Volume Standard. Apple recently introduced the PowerPC processor in its midrange and high-end Power Macintosh systems. In time, Apple will extend the use of the PowerPC architecture throughout its lB ine of personal computers including entry-level, high-end, and notebook systems. Apple is the only personal computer vendor publicly committed to moving its entire product line to RISC technology, and is the fi ore productive by guiding and even automating some of the tasks that today s users must do themselves. Among the many advanced features of System 7.x are those that actively help users accomplish specific tasksU , including a new technology called Apple Guide. Apple Guide will provide interactive, context-sensitive help functions that can be easily customized for specific purposes. Written Years rvers Spreadsheets Stable Stack Stacks Stage Stamp Stand-alone Standalone Standard Standardized Standards Standing Stands Stark Start Started Starting Starts Startup State Stated Now-standardized Number Number-one Numbers p us to manage informatio not just get more of it. Already, Apple has demonstrated industry-leading directions in these kinds of useful collaborative technologies. New developments will continue to help customers navigate vast stores Mac OS Strategy Superior support for multimedia through color and TrueType fonts, sound input and output built into every system, and video editing and playback with QuickTime Scripting technology that enables integratiior support for multimedia through color and TrueType fonts, sound input and output built into every system, and video editing and playback with QuickTime Scripting technology that enables integrati Can't Canada Cancel Cannot Capabilities Capability Capable Capacity Capital Capitalize Capitals Captured Cards Cares Caret Carets Carried Carry Carrying Unicode support will offer even greater ease of system localization, and, with WorldScript and QuickDraw GX, it will further demonstrate Apple s current leader-ship in supporting multiple languages for users arB ound the globe. Putting It All Together: Collaboration from PDAs to Servers While some products such as the Newton personal digital assistant may feature a variation of the interface fine-tuned for its users, Ms-dos Multilingual Multimedia Multiplatform Multiple Multiple-object Multiple-platform Performance Plaintalk Platform Playback Potential Power Powerpc Processor Quickdraw Quicktime Recognition Routine Scripting Section Software Soundith Working with Others Across Industry-Standard Networks Besides offering built-in AppleTalk networking, Apple has consistently provided compatibility with all major networking and enterprise systems. Apple buildsB Ethernet and Token Ring connectivity into its Macintosh systems and also supports a range of options for connecting with networks supporting IBM s SNA, Digital Equipment Corporation s DECNet , Novell s IPX, an Hidden High-end High-performance High-resolution Higherr Brief Built-in lt-in lt-in uilt-in lt-in ilt-in ons. With OLE, users can create a single document composed of parts from different applications. These parts, when embedded, can be edited within the docume As these plans come to fruition, Apple expects to best serve its customers and to lead an industry transformation: From CISC to RISC with PowerPC technology From monolithic applications to component softwB are with OpenDoc From a passive graphical interface to active assistance with Apple Guide From information overload to productive collaboration Apple, Motorola, and IBM have put the PowerPC platform in a Powerbook Powershare Powertalk Printingd Printinging Printinginginging Printinging Printingingingingrintinginginginging Printinginginge of applications Supportu for the 680x0 family of CPUs, with optimized performance for the PowerPC processor The Emergence of a Component Software Standard: OpenDoc Third-party developers have already begun work on component applicati e customers who require open systems. Apple plans to offer Taligent system services and applica-tion support as an option for its UNIX on PowerPC products and for desktop and portable computers that tie directlJ y into enterprise environments. Kaleida s ScriptX, which is also object-oriented in architecture, will provide rich multimedia capabilities across multiple platforms. Upon introduction, ScriptX players will be 1.1/draft 10-year 1073676289 15000 16-bit According Achieves Actions Active Actively Activities Adapted Adapts Add-on Addition Additional Address Addressed About Above Absence Abstract Abundance Accelerator Accent Accented Accept Accepts timized Output Performance Plaintalk Plans Platform Playback Potential Power Powerpc Processor Processor-based Product Quickdraw Quicktime Recognition Reference Release Routine Scripting Section Server Servers Software Soundfict cintosh interoperable with other computers on networks, in enterprise systems, and in peer-to-peer environments Partnered with WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, and others through CI Labs to make the OpenDoc componeR nt software architecture open to the industry Leveraged the performance of the Power Macintosh and object architecture of OpenDoc to make computers less of a passive tool and more of an intelligent assistant Shared Should Single Smooth Solutions Specification Store Quickdraw Quickly Quicktime Recently Recognition Recognize Reduce Reference Refine Refined Relatively Release Reporters Represent Retain Retrieval Retrieve Richer Scale Schools Screen Scriptable Seamless Second Select Selectedt Vendor Apple Applescript Article Assistance Assistance Assistance stance ssistance sistance stance ssistance Automating Available Based Vendors Ver-sion Verbs Verification Verified Verify Version Versions Vertical Vertically Video Videodisk Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewers major platforms because it has: Committed to RISC as its main processor platform, which enables easy migration for Macintosh, DOS, and Windows users and offers scalability from mobile computers up to serversP and workstations in the future Joined forces with IBM and Motorola to make the PowerPC RISC processor an industry success and a superior mainstream alternative to the 80x86 processor platform Made the Ma Computers Connecting Consistent Consumer Consumerssed ocuments for Windows applications. With OLE, users can create a single document composed of parts from different applications. These parts, when embedded, can be edited within the document window. In contrast tE o OpenDoc, OLE is a closed architecture and has no announced support for all major platforms. Superior Customization and Collaboration. Besides interoperating with existing applications, OpenDoc also offers a Which While Widely Windows Within Successful Succession Successive Successor Suffer Suitable Suitcases Suite Suitedcts Extends Facilitate Family Feature Features Files Finder Fine-tuned First Fitting Focus Following Fonts ForcesMultithreading Networking Smarter Software Specific Speech Standard Suited Support System System-level Systems Tasks Technology Their These Three-dimensional Three-year Through Toward Traditional Training Transform Trends Trial-and-error Twelve Unique Upwards Users Using Value Vendors Visual Without Written Years oundation Fruition Functionality Further Future Getting Glimpse Globe Graphical Graphics Greater Growth Guesses Guide Happen Hardware Hardware-independent Haveplementation Implemented Impressive Improved Improvements In-house Includes Including Incorporate Increased Increasingly Individual's Industry Initiatives Innovation Innovations Input Instance Integrating Integration Interface International Interoperate Interoperating Introducects h over the next several years. While 1994 will be a watershed year for Apple, the following years will also provide major innovations that expand on these themes. A constant theme over time, though, will be thaM t users will be able to take advantage of the new features with minimal disruption to their systems or work. Directions for RISC By 1996, Apple will have shipped systems based on newer versions of the PowerPC Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple Multithreading Networkingn ktop video. With technologies such as 32-bit QuickDraw, WorldScript, and use of Adobe s PostScript in the LaserWriter printer, Apple has provided superior graphics capabilities to the mainstream computer user.J Apple has also developed industry standards such as the TrueType font format and QuickTime , which supports video editing and playback for Macintosh and Windows. Apple will further broaden use of graphics tec arkets Mac OS Strategy Contents IntroductionFitting In While Standing Out Fitting In: A Plan for Open Innovation Standing Out: Advanced Technology, Usable Now Power Macintosh OpenDoc Collaboration Active Assistance Deliverinhnology-based Their These Thousands Tools Transformation Transport Uninterrupted Usability Users Windows Without Workstation and operating system Solutions Specification Speech Standard Starting Store Suchr 10b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategyingbilities, and price/performance break-throughs in multimedia and desk Users Using Utility Utilize Validate Validation Valuable Value Value-added Values Variable Variables Variant Variation Variations Varies they will all be seamlessly connected to other Apple computers, across platforms, and into larger communications networks and services. The operating system will offer increasingly distributed solutions acrossD mixed platforms with Open Transport, and PowerTalk will provide significant perfor-mance improvements as it becomes optimized for the PowerPC platform as well. Apple will introduce its UNIX implementation on ser-interface Utilities Vehicle Vendors Version Whicho Suited Application Applications Architecture Archive Color Compatibility Editing Enables Enhancements Every Exchange Features Fonts Input Integration Macintosh Ms-dos Multimedia Operating Optimized Output Performance Platform Playback Potential Power Powerpc Quicktime Routine Scripting Software Sound Speed Superior Support System Taking Tasks Technology These Through Truetype Utilities Video Windows Viewers Viewgroup Viewgroup's Viewgroups Viewing Viewport Based Because Become Becomes Begun Benefits Besides Better Between Board Break-throughs Bring Bringing Broaden Broader Broadest Built Built-in Bundled CapabilitiesComputing Consider Convenient Costs Creating Current Customers Databases Delivering Directions Disrupting Doesn't Dragging Easily Easy-to-use Editing Electronic Enables Enhancementsace aw GX. The result is faster operation, greater productivity, and a computing environment more closely tailored to the individual s preferences. The new version also includes built-in support for PowerTalk collK aboration services as well as industry standards such as DOS and Windows data file compatibility and TCP/IP. New features include: Apple Guide. With Apple Guide, a user can learn how to accomplish new or c threading Compatibility Compatible Compatibly Compelling Compensate Compensation Competence Competing Competition Competitive Competitor Competitors Compilation Compile A Quick Look at QuickDraw GX Apple is widely acknowledged for its leadership in graphics. Graphics have made the Macintosh what it is and continu Video Which Windows Within Year-end details.) PowerTalk. PowerTalk, which has been part of the Pro version of System 7 since October 1993, will now be universally available. With PowerTalk, System 7 is the only operating system to provide builS t-in collaboration services, including a universal mail-box, digital signatures, and security. (See page 11 for a list of PowerTalk features.) ncluding Incorporate Increased Increasingly Individual's Industry t capitalize on its advanced power. Apple Servers with PowerPC. By year-end, Apple plans to release PowerPC processor-based AppleShare servers. And in 1995, Apple will also deliver UNIX on PowerPC as the basisG of a server product family. The Integration of Assistance and Collaboration: System 7.x Starting with the the next reference release of Macintosh system software in the first half of 1994, Apple will introduc Product Adapts Add-on Initiatives Innovation Innovations Input Instance Integrating Integration Intelligent Interface International Interoperability Interoperable Interoperate Interoperating Interoperation Introduce Introduction Investment Investments JoinedColor Colorsync Combination Coming Commands Committed Communications Company Compatibility Completion ComplexEasy-to-use Editing Electronic Elegantly Enables Enhancements more quickly as well as update and enhance their software with greater ease. Users will be able to pay for only the software they need and exercise more control over the exact features they desire. CollaboratE Helping People Work with Others. As the computer industry has become tied to telephone services and global networks, many users are feeling the impact of an information explosion. Users are daunted by the Brief@ Bundle@ Drag@ Finder@ Connecting@ Which While Window Windows Within Without Wordperfect Workflow Working Workstation Workstations Worldscript Yearove Access Acknowledged Across Active Addition Adobe's Advanced Advances Advantage Allow Allowed Allowing Along Already Alternative Among Announced Apple Apple's Applescript Applica-tion Application Applications Approacht ars, Apple will offer Taligent technology in the enterprise, ensuring a consistent experience for all Taligent users. On the client side, Macintosh computers will be able to act as clients to other systems witI h increasing transparency, and data exchange will be facilitated between servers, Macintosh clients, and even Newton personal digital assistants. This access will benefit Apple customers in all markets, includi mservices tures will be made available to customers. Apple will introduce new technologies as OpenDoc parts, enabling users to take immediate advantage of the new technologies in all OpenDoc-compliant applications. DireK ctions for 1995 and 1996 The Apple initiatives outlined above will take full advantage of the industry advances in RISC computing, component software, collaboration, and active assistance and show smooth growt Multimedia Multiple Multithreading Networking bundled onto all Macintosh systems, and ScriptX objects will also operate as OpenDoc parts. Getting There From Here Because of the many transitions taking place in the industry, 1994 will be a decision year L for many customers. What will happen to the investments they ve already made in software and data if they move to new technology? How can they avoid starting over from scratch? Through all of its long-range pla Organizations Other People Performance Power Printed CP. System 7.x includes built-in support for the TCP/IP networking protocol. These user-interface enhancements, built-in collaboration and standards support, and advanced graphics capabilities give a glimpse F of things to come. By the end of the year, Apple plans to provide: More sophisticated and active assistance Increased data portability Improved graphics and speech recognition Greater connectivit Alsoaingc single development effort. More Cost-Effective Software. Because OpenDoc parts will be easier to develop than today s applications, OpenDoc lowers the barrier of entry for smaller, specialized developers. The C result will be opportunities for new types of software to emerge including vertical parts for specific markets. And because developers will be writing less cumbersome code, they will be able to create products sonal Pieter Platform Popular Possible Power Powerful cently introduced its first Macintosh systems based on PowerPC technology. For customers who want the power of RISC, the Power Macintosh offers a unique advantage: System 7, the only mainstream, easy-to-use opeN rating system optimized for the PowerPC platform. Besides the inherent advantages of System 7, the new Power Macintosh systems will support the entire installed base of Macintosh applications and have the abili phyooleet s type of immediately usable innovation was previewed when PlainTalk was built into the Macintosh AV systems and allowed customers to give speech commands immediately with any existing application that supporteS d the Apple events programming model. OpenDoc components will become smarter about what kind of document they re in and what task the user is individual s requests, remembering or making educated guesses ab Protected Provide Provides Providing Putting Quickdrawes s. Working with Oracle Corporation s Media Server product line, Apple will provide the Macintosh user interface for viewers to take advantage of services such as home shopping, video on demand, and interactive O learning. Active Assistance: From Ease of Use to Ease of Doing. In 1984, Apple introduced a graphical user interface (GUI) so successful that other operating system vendors are trying to create their own Mac Morphs Most-networked Motivated Motorola Mount Mouse Mouse-up Moved Movement Moves Movies Moving Ms-dos Multiple Multiple-platform Needs Neglected Neighborhood Network Networking Networks Never Newer Newest Newly-designed Newso Introduce Introduction Investment Investments Joinede Transparencies Transparency Transparent rst vendor to market with a PowerPC-based personal computer. This represents a major shift away from the historic pattern of technology adoption where the greatest power is available in only the highest-end syD stems. Using PowerPC technology, Apple intends for the price/performance advances of RISC to be affordable and usable for its entire range of customers. Apple expects PowerPC processors to become the highest-v will no longer mean incompatibility, but opportunity. ndows Applications Apple currently offers a dual-processor configuration of the Macintosh Quadra computer called the Macintosh Quadra 610, DOS Compatible for MS-DOS and Windows application compatibility. It incJ ludes a 25-megahertz Intel 80486SX processor that allows users to run Macintosh and MS-DOS or Windows applications in tandem, and even cut and paste data between these environments. This product recently won By Recently Receptionists Recipient Recognition Recognize Recognizedch, and skew objects (including text) and incorporate graphics functionality into a broader range of ap plications Support for the 680x0 family of CPUs, with optimized performance for the PowerPC processor The Emergence of a Component Software Standard: OpenDoc Third-party developers have already begun work o tain their investment in software and data without disruption. It means offering solutions for Macintosh, MS-DOS, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 users, whether they use stand-alone systems or are connected to others vF ia modem, local area networks, or as part of enterprise systems. Over the course of the next few years, Apple will implement specific strategies to create new hardware, software, collaboration, and interface s Unwieldy Upcoming Update Upgrade Upward Using intosh-like interfaces. Apple has made the interface even richer with the addition of built-in collaboration via PowerTalk, and with speech recognition via PlainTalk software on the Macintosh AV systems. But afQ ter 10 years of experience, Apple is able to recognize potential limitations in the current and relatively passive GUI model. Based on this experience, Apple is poised to evolve the user interface from a passiv sales. New Power for New Applications. The high-performance PowerPC platform creates the foundation for a new generation of faster, more powerful Macintosh software, offering two to four times the performancH e of today s fastest 68040- and 80486-based personal computers. Applications that are computation-intensive, such as graphics or computer-aided design software, will run up to 10 times faster on the PowerPC chi World Worldscript Worrying Would Writeold Solutions d the TCP/IP and OSI protocols. Apple will also provide the following tools for cross-platform compatibility. MacTCP. Beginning with the next reference release of the System 7 operating system, Apple will inD clude MacTCP software, which supports TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), a popular protocol for business and education networks and for the Internet communications network. MacTCP, which icate Communication Communications Companies Companyomplexity eas and a smooth migration path for users on any platform, Apple will provide an open, industry-standard platform that brings immediate rewards and long-term security. Power Macintosh: The Hardware Platform fF or the 90s and Beyond The complex instruction-set computing (CISC) processor architecture has been a viable standard for personal computers for many years. But as this technology approaches the end of its lif Workgroup Working Workspace Workstations World Worrying Developers Dictionaries@ Difficult new technologies in all OpenDoc-compliant applications. Directions for 1995 and 1996 The Apple initiatives outlined above will take full advantage of the industry advances in RISC computing, component software, collaboration, and active assistance and show smooth growth over the next several years. While 1994 will be a watershed year for Apple, the following years will a Their Theirs Create Creating Current Custom Customer's Customers Customization Customized Decision Deliver Delivers Demonstrate Desktop Developed Developers Develops Devices Different Digital Advances Advantage Advantages Allow Allowed Allowing Along Already Guide Guiding Happen Hardware Hardware-independent Hidden High-end Higher Platforms Poised Ported Potential Power Powerpcpc Mac OS Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy A Standard for Open Innovation 1b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy tosh Operating System Strategy Plan for Open Innovation Standing Out: Advanced Technology, Usable Now Power Macintosh OpenDoc Collaboration Active Assistance Deliverin ices. Apple s PowerShare Collaboration Servers will support Windows clients as well as Apple s own PowerTalk clients. And Microsoft will support PowerTalk clients on its upcoming server products. Both Apple andH Microsoft will support Common Mail Calls (CMC), resulting in easier cross-platform development for application developers and more choices for customers. Open Transport. To make network interoperability ea Dragging Dual-processor Easier Easily EasyInto ns, Apple remains continuously aware of these concerns and has made conscious steps to ensure that customers investments are protected. Fitting into the customer s existing computing environment and providinN g a smooth migration path to new technologies is Apple s overriding goal offering both immediate compatibility and scalability in the future. Apple is best positioned as a long-term investment for users on all Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple Multithreading Networkingn Programs Progress Projects Promise Promised Promises Promotes Prompts Proper Properly Properties Property Proportional Proportionally Proportions Proposition Protecting Protection Protocol Protocol/internet Protocols Proven Provide Provided phical user interface has reached the limits of what it can do to make computing easier. And the emerging information superhighway is already too complex to navigate with confidence. Profound changes are takinD g place in hardware and software technology that will take us past these barriers and permit computing to make even more beneficial contributions to learning, work, and entertainment. In 1994, four major trend Existing Expanding Expected Expects Experienceerience f electronic information available on local services now, and by late 1994 on services such as the Internet, an electronic mail network connecting millions of government, university, and business users. Even iM n the home, consumers will be able to use Macintosh technology in set-top boxes to access multimedia information, carried over telephone or cable television lines and presented as interactive television service Contrast Contrasting Contributions Control rolling Controls Convenience Convenient Conveniently Convention Conversion Convert Converted Converter Converting Converts Convey Cooperation Cooperative Coordinate Coordinated Coordinates Copied Copies OpenDoc implementations for other operating systems come to market, CI Labs will validate their compliance with the OpenDoc specification. Compliant parts and applications will interoperate with each other, reM gardless of the vendor. Because of this, people can work with the components they want without worrying about compatibility. An Open Technology. Several companies have already announced plans to support OpenD Easier Easier-to-use Easiest Easily Easy-to-access Easy-to-implement Easy-to-use Edged Edges Edited Editing Edition Editor Editors Educated Easily Easily Easily Easily asily Easily Easily Easily Easily asily asily asily asily for future Macintosh operating system rele Intel Intel's Intelligence Intelligent Intended Intends Intent OpenDoc-compliant applications. Directions for 1995 and 1996 Apple initiatives outlined above will take full advantage of the industry advances in RISC computing, component software, collaboration, and active assistance and show smooth growth over the next several years. Among Amount Amounts An-alyst Analogy Anchor Implementedt's Joint Others Otherwise Outgoing Outline Outlined Outlines Output Outset Outside Outward Overall erating system will run native. OpenDoc Becomes the Interface ilding Builds Built Built-in Business Businesses Butions Ensured seamless interoperability and collaboration among Newton, Macintosh, Windows, MS-DOS, and UNIX platforms 15b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy Modular Multiple Native Networking Networks Newerarting Store tandards while maintaining compatibility with the standards of the past. By fitting in, Apple continues to do what it s always done best offer superior technology for the best user experience but for a wider raH nge of users. Fitting In: A Plan for Open Innovation Apple provides a range of options for users on diverse platforms who wish to take advantage of the power that Apple technology offers. Running DOS and Wi idespread Windows Windows-based Within Without cooperative philosophy, working with industry leaders such as IBM, WordPerfect, Novell, Sun, and others to establish open standards that will benefit users on all major platforms. With these technologies and pD artnerships, Apple meets its goal of fitting in today s computing environment to extend the usefulness of existing personal computer systems. Solutions for Multiple Platforms Fitting in means helping people re First Fitting Flexibility Focus Following Formingr Suites Developers Developing Development Developments Develops Device Device-independent Devices Dialect Dialect-independent Dialects Dialing Dialog Dialogs Dialup to low-end Macintosh systems and notebook computers, as well as to high-end co h systems similar to that of the Macintosh Quadra 610, DOS Compatible, for even better integration of the two environments. Thus, DOS and Windows customers can take advantage of the increased performance of theN Power Macintosh while retaining their current software investments. Exchanging Data Among Macintosh, DOS, and Windows Users Many people work in mixed computing environments, or work on one type of computer at rsion dows and MS-DOS programs via SoftWindows emulation soft-ware from Insignia Solutions. UNIX users will also benefit from PowerPC technology through Apple s joint efforts with IBM and other partners in developingR industry-standard UNIX on PowerPC, thus ensuring access to thousands of UNIX applications on this platform. The result is a milestone in the industry unlike ever before, a major new computing platform will be oc. Apple is developing the Macintosh implementation of OpenDoc and will provide its Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) as part of the OpenDoc scripting facility. WordPerfect and Novell have announced cooperativO e efforts to produce a ver-sion of OpenDoc that will run on the Windows platform. WordPerfect is also developing technology that will provide interoperability between OpenDoc and Microsoft s OLE 2.0, Microsoft Introduction Introductionfitting Investment Investmentsst penDoc will enable seamless interoperability between parts licensed for use across networks, so customers can share documents among everyone in a workgroup even those with different hardware platforms. Second, C OpenDoc provides workflow and group-editing management with its automatic document histories, which retain multiple versions of the document so a user can view past changes. Underlying it all, Apple is develop Together these companies are forming a consortium called the Component Integration Laboratories (CI Labs). Through CI Labs, OpenDoc implementations will be made available for multiple platforms, thus enabling sB oftware vendors to produce component applications for use across multiple-platform networks. OpenDoc has already been seeded to key developers and is scheduled for release in 1994. Standing Out: Advanced Tech housandsndards Standing Still Stood Strategies Strategy Study te magazine s Best of Comdex award in the Best System category. Apple s new RISC-based Power Macintosh systems built around the industry-standard PowerPC chip will be able to run most MS-DOS and Windows applL ications at speeds comparable to that of entry-level 386 and 486 systems via SoftWindows emulation software from Insignia Solutions. Apple is also considering dual-processor configurations of its Power Macintos p. This increased speed will make possible entire new categories of applications for personal computers, as well as user interface advances such as natural speech and increasingly realistic graphics. The firstJ wave of Macintosh applications taking advantage of PowerPC performance is composed of faster versions of today s popular programs and will include all categories of software: publishing, education, multimedia, Mono-lithic Months Most-networked Motorola Movepc Options Ordering Organization Organizations Organize Organized Organizing Orientation Origin Original Origins Ornamental e cycle, a new architecture reduced instruction-set computing (RISC) will provide the significant increases for the next decade. Chip makers have found increasingly ingenious ways to draw more and more perforH mance from CISC chips like the Intel 80x86 and Motorola 680x0. However, performance gains are on a diminishing curve. Recently, Intel announced the P6, the latest version of its CISC-based Pentium x86 technolog Workgroup Working Workspace Workstations World WorryingItsomd the outset, OpenDoc components should interoperate with existing Macintosh applications as well as programs that support Microsoft s Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 2.0 protocol, providing a smooth migrationC path that extends the usefulness of customers current applications. Like OpenDoc, Microsoft s OLE takes a modular approach to integrating applications. OLE is a proprietary technology for creating compound d Leveragedwton Notebook Offer Offers Manager anager Model Multimedia Multiple Navigate Needs Network SIaccompanied by more rather than fewer applications than its predecessor. 6b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy e already ma Together Token Tolerance Tomorrow's Toolbox Tools Top-left Top-side Topic ions of the document in one file and allow the user to view past changes. The automatic document histories allow users to work on shared documents without losing content abilities that allow users to approve documents and forms electronically, thus enabling a wide range of ad hoc and structured workflow applications riptX players will be bundled Transform Users Validation Wordperfect Overview Paper aintalk ntalk Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Plans Platform Platforms Poised Ported Potential Files Filled Fills Final Finally Finance Financial Finder Finder/applescript Fine-tuned Finer Fingertips Finish Firms First e from notebook-sized systems up to high-end workstations and servers. Supported by Thousands of Applications. To date, RISC technology has been used only in systems designed for raw computational power such aN s engineer-ing workstations and commercial database servers. However, working with the PowerPC processor, Apple has succeeded in seamlessly moving its popular Macintosh System 7 operating system to the powerful from several applications. Cross-Platform Consistency and Interoperability. Macintosh applications have traditionally provided the most consistent interface across applications from different vendors. This coI nsistency has allowed Macintosh users to work with different kinds of applications more easily and cut training and support costs significantly. Apple has been able to ensure consistency by working with all sof rability Interoperate Interoperation Introducedndoc s proprietary compound document architecture. In addition, networking support is expected from Novell, and IBM has announced its own plans to offer OS/2 and AIX (UNIX) implementations of OpenDoc. And OpenDoc Q is designed to use IBM s System Object Model (SOM) to package and execute parts of a compound document. ScriptX objects from Kaleida Labs and objects from the Taligent frameworks will also interoperate with OpeR nDoc parts. Workstations Years Doc Becomes the Interface and Gets Smarter While the underlying operating system may evolve, the user environment will be consistent: the OpenDoc metaphor. OpenDoc will be built into the operating system and wiQ ll be the standard user environment in which software components will run. With OpenDoc, users will take advantage of new system features such as three-dimensional graphics with their existing applications. Thi Dragging Easily Mobility Operating etwork twork etwork Network twork twork Network etwork ions. Like OpenDoc, Microsoft s OLE takes a modular approach to integrating applicatio rsonal Platforms Plug-and-play Products Protocol Protocols Quickly B`g On The Promise The Next Twelve Months Directions for 1995 and 1996 Getting There From Here 2b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy 8b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategyication for OpenDoc parts that run across Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 platforms and networks, giving users more options and developers more leverage from a Easier Easily Recognized such as automatic document histories, which store multiple versions of the document in one file and allow the user to view past changes. The automatic document histories allow users to work on shar ed documents without losing content from version to version. A Future Foundation. OpenDoc capabilities will first become available in 1994 and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc will Create Created on, and active assistance and show smooth growth over the next several years. While 1994 will be a watershed year fo r Apple, the following years will also provide major innovations that expand on these themes. A constant theme over time, though, will be that users will be able to take advantage of the new features with minim y, which Intel plans to demonstrate in 1995. The P6 requires 6 million transistors to gain significant performance increases, double the number used in today s Pentium. Apple has made a commitment to RISC as tJ he processing architecture for the future, working in partnership with IBM and Motorola to produce the highly acclaimed PowerPC processor line. In contrast to Pentium and P6, which represent the most ad-vanced Worryings Forming Forms Forward has been sold separately as Apple s implementation of TCP/IP, lets Macintosh users access information on Cray, UNIX, Sun, VAX, and other hosts. Interoperability between Apple and Microsoft Messaging ServiceF s. As an example of its open systems approach, Apple recently announced a joint agreement with Microsoft Corporation that will ensure interoperation between their respective messaging and catalog/directory serv Within Without Wordperfect WorkflowYour thout Mac OS Strategy echnology called Apple Guide. Apple Guide will provide interactive, context-sensitive help functions that can be easily customized for specific purposes. Wider Widespread Width Widths Williams Windingnumberfill Window Windows-based Windowshade 13b#Macintosh Operating System StrategyeFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy Because compliance with the OpenDoc specification will be verified by CI Labs, developers will be able to write OpenDoc parts that run across the Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 platforms and networks. From Kaleida s ScriptX, which is also object-oriented in architecture, will provide Spreadsheet They're They've Thick Thickness Thing Things Think Third Third-party Thorough Those Though Thousands Scriptable SelectedSelectedtedSelectedted SelectedtedSelectedted Selectedted SelectedtedSelectedted Selectedted Selectedted Selectedted Selectedted Selectedted SelectedtedectedtedSelectedted Selectedtedelectedtedectedtedlectedted Selectedted SelectedtedSelectedtedSelectedted Selectedted Selectedtedectedtedtedted Selectedted Selectedted Selectedted SelectedtedtedSelectedtedlectedted SelectedtedSelectedted Selectedtedtedtedtedanagement Marketstherms Speech-recognition Speed Speeds Spell Spinning Split Splitting Spoken Spool Spooled Spooling Spools Sports Spreadsheet Spreadsheet-specific Stamp Stand-alone Standard Standardized Standards Stands Start Started Starting Starts Startup State 4b#Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy ware Strategy Mac OS Strategy Management Manager Joint Judge Juggle Jurisdictions also offers a superior environment for customized solutions. With OSA support, OpenDoc will have built-in scripting, allowing an even higher lev el of user customization. OpenDoc also supports networking, which enables the integration of custom workflow solutions and provides richer collaboration services such as automatic document histories, which stor Intel Inter@ Interaction@ Interfaces@ Intersect@ Introducing@ Involve@ Issues Jockeying Join@ Joined@ Joint Kerning@ Kind@ Large Largest@ Layouts Leaders@ Leading@ Learning Life@ Like@ Linked Loaded@ Macdraw@ system-level features will be made available t ement a richer set of services for Macintosh systems and integrate the Macintosh more tightly into cross-platform environments. With Open Transport, users can buy an application without worrying about what netL work they re connected to, and system administrators can update, reroute, or re-place networking systems without disrupting their users applications. Open Transport, which will support both 680x0- and PowerPC chip, bringing RISC power to low-end Macintosh systems and notebook computers, as well as to high-end computers and servers. As promised, the PowerPC architecture will provide a scalable platform that will alloO w users to migrate from mobile devices up to workstation capabilities while using the same software and graphical interface. And all performance-sensitive features of the operating system will run native. Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple Multithreading Networkingn the office and another at home. To make it easier to exchange data files between these systems, Apple currently offers Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open, a set of utilities that allows MS-DOS, WindP ows, and OS/2 files to be opened and edited with Macintosh applications. Apple will include Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open in its next reference release of the System 7 operating system to ensureQ; that users automatically gain the benefits they provide. changes. The automatic document histories allow users to work on shared documents without losing content from version to version. A Future Foundation. OpenDoc capabilities will first become available in 1994 I and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc will act as the foundation for future Macintosh operating system releases and become the vehicle by which many of Apple s newest system-level fea Multithreading Networking Networks Objectsy Accomplish Accomplished Accomplishes Accomplishing According Account Accounted Accounting Accounts Accurate Achieve Achieved Achieves Acius Acknowledged Across Acting Action Actions Active Actively Adapt Adapted Appleshare Appletalk Applica-tion Application Application's Applications Approaches Appropriate Based Baseform Baseform's Baseline Baselines Basic Basics Basis Batteries Battery Better Between Beyond Bezier Bi-directional Bidirectional Bitmap Bitmapped Bitmaps Blank Blinking Block Blocks Board Boldness Books Boosted Bottom Bottom-side Bottoms Catalogs Categories Category Cause Caused Causes Cd-rom Center Centered Centering Centers Centralized Centrally Certain Certainly Chain Championed Changing Character Character-specific Character-to-glyph Customer Customer's 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Sleep Slides Slightly Small Smaller Smallest Smart Smarter Smooth Smoother Smoothly urces such as memory and hard disk space. Workstation and server operating systems typically require 20 megabytes or more of RAM and at least a 250-megabyte hard disk drive. In contrast, RISC-based personal comTpputer operating systems must operate comfortably with 8 to 12 megabytes of RAM and 80-megabyte hard disk drives. version of Implicit Imply Import Importance Important ITECTURE Open standard, multivendor effort Proprietary, single-vendor effort, no announced UNIX or OS/2 support Source code available SourcC e code not available Extensible, scalable architecture Closed architecture USER EXPERIENCE USER EXPERIENCE Supports irregularly shaped, Supports rectangular, non- overla Server Server-based Servers Service Services Severalry Compound Document Architectures Compound document architectures have emerged as the answer to these issues, by reducing the complexity and increasing the flexibility of software for both end users and developerB s. They offer an evolutionary approach to restructuring software into independent modules, or parts, which can be flexibly combined in a variety of ways. The result is an entirely different way of both using orting Quickdraw Their Applica Strategy 3b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP sal desktop mailbox. PowerTalk allows users to enjoy the benefits of a single mail box and a consistent interface for browsing and searching information, regardless of the number of communications services theL y use. It provides a single mail box icon for all incoming and outgoing mail including on-line services, fax, voice, electronic mail from various sources, and documents from any application. The universal mail Working Worldscript Worldwide Would Years Draw GX graphics architecture. The combination of System 7.5 and PowerPC technology offers significant benefits today and represents the first glimpse of how the Macintosh interface will look, feel, and performP in the future. Users of Macintosh PowerBook systems will be able to work and communicate more efficiently than ever with built-in PowerTalk support as well as new utilities and enhancements that improve Po chnologies Technology Theme Themes Themselves There There's Thereafter Thereby Therefore Therefrom These Without Working ms can be addressed through the use of object-based technologies: the difficulty today of creating documents with varying media and the increasing complexity of applications. Compound documents. Ten years ago,N most of what people did with computers centered around text and numbers. The graphical nature of the Macintosh computer brought a new emphasis to working with graphics on the computer, because the graphics-bas System System-defined System-enforced System-level System-software Systems Systemwide Table Tables daunted by multiple formats, competing communications services, Obtain Obtained Obtaining Obvious Occupied Occupies Occur Occurred Occurring Occurs October /S Third-party support Limited Available for PowerPC Moving from Passive to Active User Interfaces In the 1980sI , Apple pioneered the concept of the personal computer graphical user interface, incorporating features such as windows, menus, icons, and copy-and-paste functionality to simplify the process of working with co pping content overlapping content only Multiple-object editing; multiple Single object editing components can stay active concurrently Designed for fast switching EE ach application boots separately among objects Verification process for seamless No announced way to formally application interoperability test OLE compliance COLLABORATION Storage Store Store-and-forward Stored Stores Storing Straight Straightforward Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Stretch Stretching Strides String Strings Strip Stroke Strokes Strong Structure Structured Structures Study Style stem software will include Apple Guide technology, which provides step-by-step context-sensitive assistance even to the extent of showing users precisely how to complete a task using scripting. 1994 Apple CoD mputer, Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, Macintosh, Macintosh Quadra, and PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S.A. and other countries. AppleScript, ecognition Recognize Relative Relatively Result Richer Apple is actively working toward the creation of such an interface, harnessing the power of RISC and OpenDoc technology to deliver the next generation of system software based functionality. Already delivered aB re key technologies such as PlainTalk speech-recognition and text-to-speech software, Apple Events and AppleScript scripting technologies, and QuickTime multimedia software. And the next release of Macintosh sy Configuration Applescript 5b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP Rich data conten microprocessor. With a 68040 software emulator as a standard component, System 7 for PowerPC offers exceptional compatibility with all existing programs for Macintosh. A mixed-mode architecture also supports neH w native applications that run at full PowerPC speeds. And Apple has been working closely with the third-party development community to ensure a broad range of native application software for the PowerPC proces Signature Significant Simple Simply Since Singlearisd memory protection will isolate the effects of errant programs. The Macintosh Operating System System 7 for PowerPC Apple s Macintosh operating system (System 7) the industry benchmark for easy-to-use system sF oftware maps well against all of these criteria, positioning it to assume operating system leadership on RISC. During the past two years, the Macintosh system software has been enhanced to run on the PowerPC -class Workstations World Would Writing Years Uncertain n, while low-volume platforms will suffer a lack of programs. Customers demand a broad selection of applications. Availability and compatibility of current programs. Customers moving up from current-generationL computers (both DOS and Windows software based computers and Macintosh computers) will insist on support for their existing applications and data. The level of compatibility offered will be an important factor e standard. As RISC achieves mainstream status in 1994, the crucial question is which operating system will dominate the PowerPC platform. Several operating systems are jockeying for this leadership position.F The operating system vendors Apple, Microsoft, IBM, and so on all have different approaches to providing operating system software for RISC-based personal computers. Some vendors require users to adopt a new o Environments Errant Error-prone Establish Eventual Restype Restype COLLABORATION Built-in networking No currently announced network structure Makes collaboration easier by Doesn't store multiple drafts maintaining multiple "drafts" a document Enhancing Collaboration and Communication Just as the personal computer initially boosted individual productivity, today the technology is being applied to increase the productivity of groups work Integration Integrators Intel ducts for collaboration. PowerTalk system software, delivered in the System 7 Pro product, is the first comprehensive collaboration product for the individual user. ItI s built-in electronic messaging, catalog, security, and digital signature capabilities make it easy for individuals to communicate and work with other individuals or groups on a network. PowerShare Collaborati provided by today s personal computer operating systems. High-capacity, high-performance file systems are necessary to accommodate the larger amounts of data generated by new technologies such as multimedia. ThD e full 32-bit operation enabled by RISC performance speeds access to and processing of data and instructions. Preemptive, multithreaded execution will allow the construction of more sophisticated programs. And escript Across Applications 8b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP The competitive approach. The approach taken by Apple with its System 7 Pro software, as well as with the next version of Macintosh operating system software, is in stark contrast to that of Microsoft and its cd copy-and-paste functionality to simpli ull advantages of computer-based collaboration and communications, electronic-mail services should be integrated directly into the operating system not a separate utility and mail should be gathered from differD ent sources into a single desktop mailbox. The architecture should have an open back end to facilitate the integration of gateways providing access to a variety of mail environments, such the Internet and Quick superiority of the graphical user interface over older, command-line interfaces. But after 10 years of experience, Apple is able to recognize potential limitations in the current and relatively passive graphicM al user interface (GUI) model. Based on this experience, Apple is poised to evolve the user interface from a passive GUI to one of active assistance that accomplishes specific tasks with minimal direction, and Deploy Designed Desktop Developers Different Digitalavel n active, intelligent assistant. Users will benefit from an intelligent interface that adapts to their way of working. The technology necessary to implement an active interface is wide-ranging. First, activeQ interfaces will require tremendous power. Advanced natural-interface technologies such as speech-recognition and text-to-speech software are necessary to improve communication with the user. Second, the system People Possible Powershare Powertalk Privacy Producte ompetitive pressure to add more features to their products. The result is paradoxical: As applications become more powerful in terms of features, they also become more difficult to learn and use and hence less Tduseful to people. In addition, they require more time and effort to develop, enhance, and maintain. acintosh system software Extensible cata Servers Service Service/support Services Set-top Set-up Setting Settings Sfnts Shading Shadow Shape he administrative complexity and massive appetite for computing resources associated with UNIX. The abundance of operating system options confuses the situation for both developers and users. Developers will bH e uncertain where to focus their limited development resources, resulting in an extremely limited selection of native applications for each operating system. And users will simply be unsure which operating syst Computing orporate Incorporating Independent Integrated Intelligence Intelligent Interface Interfaces International Itself Laboratories License Limitations Limited Log-in Logical Machines Macintosh Menus Microsoft Minimal Modeline interfaces. But after 10 years of experience, Apple is able to recognize potential limitations in the current and relatively passive graph competitive Print Source Doc Transistors Transition Transitions Translate Translated Translates Translating Translation Translations Translator Translators Transmission OpenDoc, PlainTalk, PowerShare, PowerTalk, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. DECnet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. AIX, IBM, and OS/2 are registered trademarks of InternatioF nal Business Machines Corporation; PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. QuickMail is a trademark of CE Software, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademaG$rk of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. Years Separate Separately September Sequence Sequences Sequential Sequentially Series Serifs Serious Serve b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP Opendoc Other Plaintalk Power Powerbook Powerpc Powershare Powertalk Precisely Provides Quadra Quickmail Quicktime Registered Release Reserved Rights Scripting Showing Software Speech-recognition Step-by-step System Technologies Technology Text-to-speech Therefrom Toward Trademark Trademarks Under Users Using Which Working Trademarksng OS Comp. WP Introduction This paper examines some crucial issues confronting the personal computer industry today. Fundamental shifts in technology are driving major changes in the realm of operating system software changh Multimedia Opendoc Plaintalk Power Precisely Provides Quicktime Release Reserved Rights Scripting Showing Software Speech-recognition Step-by-step System Technologies Technology Text-to-speech Toward Users Using Which Working b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP tion Decnet Deliver Delivered Digital Equipment Events Extent Functionality Generation Guide Harnessing Plaintalk Power Powerbook Precisely Provides Quadra Quicktime Registered Release Reserved Rights Scripting Showing Software Speech-recognition Step-by-step System Technologies Technology Text-to-speech Toward Trademarks Users Using Which Working Oracle Order Ordered Ordering Organization Organizations Organize Organized Organizing Orientation Origin Original Originator Origins Ornamental l authentication Scriptable With the next version of MG acintosh system software Extensible catalog Privacy Collaboration integrated in O Windows Workflow Workgroups Working World Server independent (open back-end extensibility) Single log-in (key chain) Simple directory services E Server based Rich data content Workflow services Digital signatures Bidirectiona ing together. In the current competitive and fast-paced business environment, effective communications and, more specifically, effective teamwork can provide organizations with the competitive edge that can speI ll the difference between success and failure. Too often in the past, however, users have been hindered rather than helped by the technology daunted by multiple formats, competing communications services, and strengthen the proposition. Workplace OS, a new operating system under development at IBM, promises to host multiple operating system personalities, such as OS/2 and Taligent. However, these choices fall shoF rt on several of the criteria for a successful operating system (native applications, efficient operation, and ease of use). And AIX and Solaris, the two UNIX operating system based choices, are burdened with t iting Years Scale Scriptable Scripting Seamless Rc software must also have high-level control over portions of itself, as well as over applications. 9b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP Possible Powerful Powershare Powertalk Privacy Product in their choice of an operating system. Native applications. Because the transition to RISC centers around high performance and the new capabilities enabled by that high performance customers will also judge N operating systems by the breadth of selection of native applications (applications that offer full RISC performance) available. Software developers must choose a specific operating system for their PowerPC prod ollaborative solution Windows for Workgroups as shown in the following figure: Feature Macintosh Windows System 7C Pro for Workgroups E-mail Desktop mail Peer-to-peer LAN mail Limited Point-to-point dialup Should Showing Shown Shows em to choose. Conclusion The Macintosh operating system should become the leading operating system for next-generation personal computers based on PowerPC RISC microprocessors. Because Apple took a fundamentaJ lly different approach to moving to RISC than did other companies, Apple can provide what customers want: a mature, easy-to-use operating system with a broad selection of native programs from leading developers ucts, because, for example, an application ported to System 7 for PowerPC will not operate on Windows NT for PowerPC. Ease of setup, use, and administration. Easy-to-use system software has become a de facto P requirement of personal computer users. Customers want systems that they can set up in a straightforward manner, easily configure with add-on devices, manage by themselves without requiring an administrator, an Opendoc Opendoc-compliant Opened Openframefill Opening Opens Operate Operated Operating network. It provides server-based mail, catalY og, and privacy services for PowerTalk users. Apple recognizes that today s computing environments are seldom homogeneous. Interoperation and coexistence with products and services from other vendors is a core Toward that end, Apple is delivering the Open Transport Architecture an architecture that allows all networking protocols (AppleTalk, IPX, IP, DECnet, and more) to function at a high level in the Macintosh netwB orking world. In contrast, networking in the Windows world is complex, with multiple, competing implementations of the same protocol and no unifying architecture for developers or users. For users to get the f Proprietary Protected Protecting Protection Protocol Protocol/internet Protocols Proven Provide Provided Unlike Unlimited Unprece-dented Unprecedented Unrelated Unsure Until Unused Unwieldy Upcoming Update Updated Updating Upgrade Upgrades Upper Upper-left Operating Systems for RISC Microprocessors Microprocessors and operating systems have a strong interrelationship. DOS grew up as the operating system for the Intel 80x86 architecture, and now Microsoft Windows B is succeeding to that position. Although these operating systems have had a commanding role in the CISC microprocessor world, Microsoft has no announced plans to port Windows or MS-DOS (the Microsoft version of n of equipment is selected. In addition, departmental systems must integrate well with other mail systems and the enterprise s centrally managed messaging and directory backbones. To address this need, Apple iP s working with third-party vendors to deliver both personal and server gateways to allow individuals and teams to interoperate with mail and collaboration systems other than Macintosh system based services, as Q well as enterprise backbones. Strategies Strategy Streaks Stream Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Strengthen Stretch Stretching Strides String Strings Strip Strip's Stroke Strokes Strong Stronger Structure Structured Structures Study Style 10b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper ically designed for mobile users who frequently connect to a network, work off-line, and then reconnect at a later time. With PowerTalk, users can quickly and easily copy mail from a server scripting. 1994 Apple Object Objects Opendoc Overlapping g a labor-intensive series of actions to move data from each creator application to the final document. This lengthy and cumbersome process tends to be error-prone and frustrating and, consequently, time-consumR Application complexity. In recent years, developers have found that the demands of the marketplace encourage an ever-increasing complexity in successive releases of applications; they are under constant c ssors Products Profoundly Programs Providing Question Require Microsoft s mainstream operating system Windows 3.1 is simply not available for PowerPC or any other RISC microprocessor. This is because Windows 3.1 (like its eventual successor, Chicago) is built around the IB ntel architecture, contains significant amounts of 80x86 assembly-language code and, according to Microsoft officials, is not easily ported to other computer architectures. Windows customers who want RISC perfo orking Workplace Workstation Workstation-class Years and excellent compatibility with existing programs. Driven by the volumes of Apple s hardware business, the Macintosh operating system will offer developers a far stronger proposition than its competitors. e Move to Object Technologies Apple is not alone in recognizing some of the problems with computing today and the benefits to be realized from moving to an object-based applications framework. Two major proble even anticipates user preferences and needs. Computers in the future will incorporate intelligence that will understand what the user is attempting to do and guide him or her through the task. A logical next stO ep is allowing people to delegate complete tasks to the computer, freeing them to focus on other activities. When this technology is in place, the user interface will be transformed from a passive player to a Groups the sheer bulk of information they receive. Increasingly, it s becoming obvious that merely having information at our fingertips isn t enough. What we need are technologies that help us to manage information ot just get more of it. Already, Apple has demonstrated industry-leading directions in these kinds of useful collaborative technologies. New developments will continue to help customers navigate vast stores of Their These rmance must migrate to a different operating system. IBM. IBM s strategy for the PowerPC chip is to offer a number of high-end, workstation operating systems and leave the choice to the customer. Operating sysD tem choices to be offered by IBM include AIX, Workplace OS, Solaris, Taligent, and OS/2 (on Workplace OS). Each of these operating systems alone is a weak contender and the combination of them does nothing to Workstation Workstation-class World Writing Years Powershare Powertalk Powertalk's Powertalk/powershare Practical Pre-selected Preannouncing Preceding Precise Precisely Predecessor ld systems that are trustworthy and secure. Systemwide scripting is also critical, to allow people to take off-the-shelf programs and weave them together Efficient Effort Emphasisg Extremely Final Focus perating system altogether, while others take an evolutionary approach. To become the new standard in the personal computing market of the near future, an operating system must meet the following criteria: ilability for RISC. This may be the most important factor to even be in the competition, the operating system must be able to run on PowerPC. Operating systems vary in the ease in which they can be moved from p mputers. Apple made the interface even richer with the addition of built-in collaboration via PowerTalk, and with speech recognition via PlainTalk software on the Macintosh computers that support Apple AV TechnK ologies. As a result, the power of computing technology is now accessible to more people than ever before. The popularity of the Macintosh system software and of Microsoft Windows has demonstrated the relative latform to platform. For example, both UNIX and Windows NT were designed for easy portability. Other operating systems, notably Windows, are intrinsically tied to a certain microprocessor architecture and cannoJ t easily be adapted to another. Volume. Platform shipment volumes drive developers decisions on whether to develop software applications for the platform. High-volume platforms will attract developer attentio Scalability. PowerPC processor based personal computers will come in a range of designs, including desktop and notebook models. An operating system must be able to meet the varying requirements of these differeB nt computers. Advanced features. To build the next generation of applications, system software extensions, and user interfaces, designers require robustness, performance, and additional services beyond those ystem Laboratories, Inc. Strong Succeeding d so on. Traditionally, RISC systems have used UNIX a complex operating system appropriate for the highly technical market occupied by high-end engineering and graphic workstations, but difficult for mainstreamR customers to work with. Operating systems designed for personal computer users must appeal to a broader, more numerous market. Hardware efficiency. Operating systems differ in their appetite for hardware reso ed user interface allowed easy manipulation, editing, and integration of words and images. Today, however, many computer users engage in the creation of compound documents documents with parts containing varioP us media, such as text, tables, movies, sound, and graphics in a variety of file formats. Currently, each medium requires users to work in different ways, and often in separate applications or editors, demandin information and collaborate with others without concern for the platforms or protocols involved. To provide advanced collaborative solutions, strong, consistent networking capabilities must be built directly M into the operating system. Customers should be able to deploy systems, applications, and services and have them transparently take advantage of the appropriate network protocol. p is allowin Systems Taligent Technologies Their These DOS) to a RISC platform the effort would be tremendous. (It s important to understand that DOS and Windows applications will run, through software emulation, on Macintosh computers with PowerPC processors.) BeD cause of this basic incompatibility, the PowerPC chip s dramatic, high-volume entrance into the personal computer arena will profoundly affect the operating system market, as new contenders seek to establish th Workings Workstations World Would Writing Years OS Comp. WP Apple System Software Competitive White Paper 1b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere AppleScript Tech Article ive White Papere AppleScript Tech Article mines some crucial issues confronting the personal computer industry today. Fundamental shifts in technology are driving major changes in the realm of operating system software chang Crucial Cumbersome Current Current-generation Currently Cursive Cursor Curvature Curve Curved Curves Custom Custom-ized educing management overhead and costs through the consolidation of system administration, improving network security, and facilita Makes Manage Managed Managementore Motorola p (OMG), the Open Software Foundation (OSF), and the X Consortium. Apple s stated intent is to make OpenDoc technology not only cross-platform but also truly open with both systems vendors and independent softwJ are vendors able to obtain the source code easily. OpenDoc advantages include a superior user interface, a simple development model, multiplatform support, and network readiness. The competition. In contrast etails Develop Developer Developers Development Devices es that will have a tremendous impact on the personal computing market. In particular, this paper addresses four important trends: the emergence of mainstream RISC computers, the move to object technologies, thC e new emphasis on collaboration and communication, and the leap from today s passive, graphical user interface to interfaces that are both active and intelligent. The Macintosh operating system System 7 p from existing IBM PC environments to the PowerPC environment. Already, hardware-based solutions for PC compatibility are available in the Macintosh Quadra line. The PowerPC chip brings a new level of performaL nce to software-based compatibility solutions, rendering them highly practical. Through a partnership with Insignia Solutions, a leading vendor of emulation technology, Apple can provide software-based emulatio Which White Workstation Workstations opleed ems, far surpassing other contenders. Looking down the road, Apple is rapidly enhancing Macintosh system software to provide a solid foundation for the future. Although few of the differences in System 7 for PP owerPC will be perceptible to users, significant changes have occurred within the core. A new runtime architecture, adapted from workstation-class operating environments, makes application development more stra Vendors Which White eamless and writing personal computer software one that offers a number of significant benefits. For users, compound document architectures offer the following: Easy creation of compound documents Editing in pD Powerful document management capabilities Cross-platform support Consistency of operation Uniformity of interface Scalability Plug-and-play solutions For developers, compound document arch Environments Errant Error-prone Establish Eventual ts and services from other vendors is a core component of Apple s strategy. We believe that users must have the flexibility to mix and match desktop machines and departmental servers from several vendors. To adN dress this requirement, Apple has forged an agreement with Microsoft that allows users to deploy a variety of computers and servers with the confidence that they will all work together no matter what combinatio vailability Available Based Basic Because Become Beenplex Advanced Advances Advantage Advantages Adventure Advice , and more) to function at a high level in the Macintosh networking world. In contrast, networking in the Windows world is complex, with multiple, competing implementations of the same protocol and no borative Combinationities Component Computer Computers Computing or use in high-end workstations and servers). As a result, the PowerPC architecture offers a well-understood, compelling growth path for years to come. The Intel response. Intel, alone in investing in Pentium,Q is responding to the PowerPC threat by preannouncing the details of a Pentium follow-on chip P6. According to Intel, P6 will be a very complex chip, with more than 6 million transistors (twice as many as in th l-understood Which While White Windows 6b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP The following table summarizes the key differences in approach between OpenDoc and OLE 2.0. Object Architectures Apple OpenDoc Microsoft OLE 2.0 ARCHITECTURE ARCHThe These Those Today's Varying e, IBM, and Motorola alliance has announced a series of follow-on PowerPC chips, under concurrent development. These include the low-power, low-cost PowerPC 603 (designed for use in PowerBook and low-end MacintO osh computers), the high-performance PowerPC 604 (which will eventually replace the PowerPC 601 in desktop and midrange systems), and the superior-performance, full 64-bit implementation PowerPC 620 (designed f Their Themselves These Theyary s fundamental requirements in these areas, providing customers with the capabilities they need, as well as offering a foundation for providing the advances they will be looking for in the future. Already, the ME acintosh operating system is recognized as providing leadership technology in areas such as ease of use, graphics and imaging, and multimedia. This paper explains how Apple intends to build on its current stron users. Windows NT also lacks mainstream applications, and even programs available on the 80x86 version of Windows NT must be ported to run on a RISC microprocessor such as the PowerPC chip. Individual Individuals g position, comparing and contrasting its approach with that of other vendors. (Note: The Macintosh Operating System Strategy White Paper, which provides additional details on Apple s overall strategy in thiG s area, is also available. This paper is designed to complement that piece.) RISC Goes Mainstream RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) microprocessor architectures have been commercially successful in the n of both DOS and Windows programs. Apple has announced that it forecasts shipping 1 million PowerPC processor based Macintosh computers within the year following their introduction. Because System 7 for PowerN PC will be the standard operating system installed on these computers, Apple expects it to quickly become the operating system volume leader for not only PowerPC processor based computers, but for all RISC syst Vendors Which White Workstation workstation market since the 1980s. In 1991, Apple, IBM, and Motorola joined forces to bring the benefits of this technology to the mainstream personal computing arena. These three companies combined efforts tI o create a powerful, scalable, and cost-effective RISC-based microprocessor architecture. The result, known as the PowerPC microprocessor, will power that next generation of computers from both Apple and IBM. e approaches and their implications for customers. Microsoft. Microsoft s message to customers about RISC is clear: Customers who want RISC must adopt a new operating system Windows NT. But because Windows NT T was designed as a server operating system, it requires significant storage capacity and includes operating complexities (for example, in the area of security) that make it an inappropriate choice for mainstream ortant Industry Instruction Intelligent Intends Mail. The messaging system should scale from peer-to-peer offerings for small workgroups up to server-based systems for large groups and organizations. And the mail service should go beyond simple text to suppoF rt media-rich data, including graphics, animation, sound, and video. True workflow in groups and organizations becomes possible when electronic-mail services are augmented with authentication, digital signatur perfect's Working Writing ing management overhead and costs through the consolidation of system administration, improving network security, and facilitating the creation of systems with large numbers of PowerTalk users on an AppleTalk nL etwork. It provides server-based mail, catalog, and privacy services for PowerTalk users. Apple recognizes that today s computing environments are seldom homogeneous. Interoperation and coexistence with produc Availability Available Based Basic Because Becomeeing based Macintosh computers. To date, more than 60 companies including all leading software vendors have publicly announced commitments to bringing out versions of their applications for PowerPC processor ed Macintosh computers. It is expected that hundreds of off-the-shelf applications will be available in 1994 for these new Macintosh systems. Apple also offers migration paths for customers who want to move u Large Largely Larger grams and weave them together into custom workflow solutions. Apple products for collaboration. PowerTalk system software, delivered in the System 7 Pro pro duct, is the first comprehensive collaboration product for the individual user. Its built-in electronic messaging, catalog, security, and digital signature capabilities make it easy for individuals to communica ightforward. And subsequent versions of Macintosh system software will add true multitasking capability, memory protection, and enhanced file-system capabilities. The Approach Taken by Other Vendors In contrasR t to Apple s moves with the Macintosh operating system, the strategies of the other major operating system vendors for their transition to PowerPC have serious shortcomings. The following sections describe thes Intel Intel's Intelligent Intends erformance advantage over the Intel CISC architecture through less complex chip design, which translates to a smaller die size and more cost-effective manufacturing. Intel s Pentium chip, the PowerPC chip s comM petitor, demonstrates the cost and manufacturing burden of having to maintain exact compatibility with the large CISC instruction set. PowerPC growth path. In addition to the initial PowerPC 601 chip, the Appl Their Themselves These Third-party s skills in collaborative systems to define and implement the OpenDoc technology. In addition, a number of other system and software vendors have helped shape the OpenDoc specifications, and many are expected H to support OpenDoc in their products and to assist in implementing OpenDoc on their platforms. The OpenDoc coalition is working closely with recognized industry associations such as the Object Management Grou Developer Developers Development Developments Devices built-in electronic messaging, catalog, security, and digital signature capabilities make it easy for individuals to communicate and work with other individuals or groups on a network. PowerShare CollaborationJ Servers are the focal point of Apple s team-oriented collaboration platform. PowerShare Collaboration Server software is designed to provide a powerful platform for team-oriented collaboration solutions: reduc Offers Opendoc Operation Other Parts Personal Place to OpenDoc, the other major effort along these lines Microsoft s OLE 2.0 takes a closed and proprietary approach, with the OLE 2.0 source code being held by Microsoft and provided only under Microsoft license.L However, a goal of the OpenDoc effort will be interoperability with OLE 2.0, which will allow developers to take advantage of its broader feature set, additional support platforms, and truly open nature withouM t sacrificing OLE support. lability Servicesd Italic Items Itself January Japanese Jockeyingeploy systems, applications, and services and have the e, and privacy services, so that organizations can build systems that are trustworthy and secure. Systemwide scripting is also critical, to allow people to take off-the-shelf programs and weave them together inH to custom workflow solutions. Apple products for collaboration. PowerTalk system software, delivered in the System 7 Pro product, is the first comprehensive collaboration product for the individual user. Its itectures enable: Faster, more efficient development Reduction of application complexity Diminished cost and risk of software development. The OpenDoc architecture. OpenDoc is a compound document archiF tecture championed by Apple and other leading industry vendors. Specifically, Apple is combining its expertise in user-interface technology with WordPerfect s competence in document-centric computing and Novell The three companies in the PowerPC alliance believe that the inherent advantages of RISC microprocessor technology over microprocessors based on older, 1980s CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) technologyK will allow the PowerPC chip to offer significant and increasing performance and price/performance leadership over the competing Intel architecture based on CISC technology. The PowerPC chip derives its price/p Rne Pentium chip), offer two to three times the performance of Pentium, and ship in volume at the end of 1995. 2b-Apple System Software Competitive White Papere OS Competitive White Paper OS Comp. WP Their ue workflow in groups and organizations becomes possib le when electronic-mail services are augmented with authentication, digital signature, and privacy services, so that organizations can build systems that are trustworthy and secure. Systemwide scripting is also 64-bit 68020 68030 68040 680x0 7.0.1 72-dot-per-inch Actively Activities Actual Actually Ad-vanced Adapt Adapted Alladin Alliance Allocated Allocates Allocation Allow Allowed Allowing Allows Almost Alone Along Alongside Alpha Already Anyone Anything Anytime Anywhere Apparent Appeal Appear Appearance Appearances Appears Appended Appendix Appetite Apple@ Applescript Applescript-aware@ Appleshare@ Applications Appropriate Architecture Arranged@ Assistance Assumptions@ Attempting Automatically Availability@ Back@ Base@ Became@ Because@ Benefit@ Better Booth@ Bottoms Brief@ Build@ Built Attempting Attention Attract Attributes Audience Augment Augmented August Australia Authentication Auto-mate Automate Automated Automates Automatic Automatically Booth Boots Borland Boston Bottom Bottom-side Bottoms Chancery Change Changed Changes Changing Character Character-specific Character-to-glyph Chips Choice Choices Choose Chooser Choosing Chosen Circling Circulating Cisc-based Claris Clarisworks Class Classes Classic Cleaning Clear Click@ Clip@ Coincides@ Collection@ Combination Combines Commands Community@ Compatibility Compiled@ Components Computer Computing Connect Consistently Constant@ Contain Containers@ Continued@ Contrary@ Contrast Customer@ Dashed Data@ Database Deeper@ Deliver@ Delivers@ Describes Desktop@ Determine@ Developers Coincides Collabora-tion Collaborate Collaborating Collaboration Collaborative Collaboratively Control Controlled Controlling Controls Convenience Convenient Conveniently Convention Conversion Convert Converted Converter Converting Converts Convey Cooperation Cooperative Coordinate Coordinated Coordinates Copied Copies Control Copy@ Corporation@ Could Create Created Crucial Customer@ Dashed Data@ Database Deeper@ Deliver@ Delivers@ Depending Describes Desktop@ Determine@ Developers Difficult Difficulty Digisign Digit Digital Digitally Digits Dilemma Dimensions Diminished Diminishing Dimming Direct Example Examples Halftones Halftoning Halfway Handle Handled Handler Handlers Handles Handling Hands-on Hanging Happen Happens Hard-wired Hardware Hardware-based Hardware-independent Harnessing le Guide Interactive, step-by-step guidance for accomplishing tasks Among the many advanced features of System 7.5 are those that actively help users accomplish specific tasks. Chief among these is Apple GuidF e, an electronic assistant that leaps beyond traditional help systems and guides the user through specific procedures one step at a time, actually leading the user through to the completion of the task. With Systems Taking Tandem Taskss Application Applications Word-processing Wordperfect Working Worldwide dual needs collaborate with others more effectively get more performance from their PowerBook systems conveniently print documents and manage print functions All of which results in increased overallF productivity. The key features of Macintosh System 7.5 include: an innovative help system called Apple Guide that interactively helps users accomplish specific tasks the ability to open, edit, and pri Creating Current Custom Customer Database Dateciencyd current context (which window is in front, what item is selected, etc.) For example, Apple Guide will automatically skip a step in a process if the user has already completed that step, allowing the user to accJ omplish the task more quickly. It also checks to make sure that the user has completed the current step before moving on to the next one. fficiently exchange data with users on these other pl rformance Platform Power Powerbook Powertalk Practical Price Print Apple Guide, a user can learn how to accomplish new or complex tasks by following on-screen prompts. Apple Guide also provides on-screen coachmarks that provide visual clues by circling or highlighting items H such as menu selections. (See figure) Rather than requiring the user to search an electronic manual that covers an entire application, Apple Guide decides which information to provide to the user based on the Apple's Applescript Applescript's Application Applications e databases to lead users through tasks that are unique to their company or organization. For example, a human resources department could use Apple Guide to assist employees in filling out forms electronically guiding the user through obtaining the correct form from a network server, filling it out, and sending it to the proper electronic mailbox. Macintosh Drag and Drop Simplifying and expanding the cut and paste Macintosh Mailer Making Meaning Memos Menusk s that the majority of software vendors will provide support for Apple Guide in their applications. Applications that support Apple Guide will lead users through the steps required to perform particular operaE tions. This is especially important as applications add more features and functionality. In a page layout application, for instance, a user might want to know how to change a block of text to a different font Sending Series Server Servers Services Surekess ting users investment in fonts, applications, and hardware while creating a foundation for extensive new user features and product development possibilities. Current Macintosh applications and fonts will work O alongside QuickDraw GX and be able to take advantage of many of the printing enhancements it provides. Revised and newly-designed applications will take full advantage of QuickDraw GX color, type, and graphics.P Steps Support Supported Supportskess Arranged Arrangement Arrangements Array Arthur Article such as those implemented by Apple s PowerShare Catalog server. Software developers can provide access to virtually any type of database through the catalogs mechanism AppleMail and support for mail in evE ery application. PowerTalk provides a built-in letter application, AppleMail, which provides entry-level mail capabilities that includes support for messages that contain stylized text, images, and video. Unli Consistent Consistently Contain Contrast Corporate Createng nted pervasively in the higher education and research communities. It is also the standard protocol for the Internet communications network. TCP/IP networking protocols allow multivendor computers to communiE cate or connect with each other over a network. MacTCP, which has been sold standalone as Apple s standard software implementation of TCP/IP, lets Macintosh users access information on Cray supercomputers, UNIX se-of-use Easier Efficiency Efficiently Electronicers Enhancements Enhancing Enjoy Enjoying Enough Enriched Ensure Ensured Ensures Ensuring Enter Entered Entering Enterprise Enterprise's Entertainment Entire Entirely Entity Entrance Entries Entry Entry-level ook battery life and make mobile computing easier Introduction Apple's long-term system software strategy is to make Macintosh technology relevant and available to mainstream computer users worldwide, includiJ ng users of DOS and Windows-based systems in addition to Macintosh users. Apple will design system software that fits into users computing environments and stands out in the practical application of new technol mization Cutting Database Databases Dataviz Dateeba ported Macintosh: On 680x0 Macintosh systems, users will experience greater efficiency in everyday operations such as printing documents, accessing menus, and moving data from one place to another. On N Power Macintosh systems, users will experience unprecedented performance with operating system extensions that are optimized for the PowerPC processor such as the QuickTime multimedia architecture and the Quick Strategy Summary Support Supported Supportshe Letter Letters Level Levels Leverage Leveraged Leveraging Library License Licensed Licensing of many of the printing enhancements it provides. Revised and newly-designed applications will take full advantage of QuickDraw GX color, type, and graphics. Typography Users Variety Which Workstations The Macintosh System 7 operating system has established a tradition of delivering breakthrough functionality to Macintosh users. Through the regular release of system extensions and enhancements, System 7 has cB ome to offer features such as built-in mail and messaging, multimedia capabilities, support for multiple languages, and the ability to automate routine tasks. It is also the only mainstream personal-computer op Helps Here's Hiding Hierarchicaleafingew ographic information of the original document. No new software is required: portable documents can be created using any of today s applications. Advanced Features. Other benefits will become available in new N or updated applications that take advantage of the advanced features of QuickDraw GX: More sophisticated typography. Macintosh gave many users their first opportunity to work with high-quality type. This h Custom Customer Customers Customization Databases Dataviz Decides em to allow Macintosh users to efficiently exchange data with users on these other platforms. Macintosh PC Exchange enables the user to insert a DOS-formatted disk into an Apple SuperDrive and view the disk contents from the Macintosh desktop just as if the floppy came from another Macintosh system. When the user double-clicks on a DOS or Windows file to open it, Macintosh Easy Open automatically searches for app -standardized Obtaining Offer On-line Openinging r for novice users to keep track of documents System and application folder locking prevents accidental deletion of important files Updated Scrapbook and Notepad includes built-in support for Macintosh DrD ag and Drop Windowshade allows the user to click on a window title bar to hide the window from view, thereby reducing screen clutter caused by many windows being open at once Support for larger hard dis rating Options Other Payable People Plains Powertalk werBook battery life, synchronize files, and consolidate power-management settings into a single control bar for easier customization. System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc ntosh operating system. Thus DOS and Windows users will be able to retain their investment in DOS and Windows data and take advantage of all the additional capabilities of the Power Macintosh platform. script Competition Trash Travel Traveling Travelling Trays Treated Treats Tremendous Trends Trial-and-error Triangle Trigger Triggered Truetype Truly Trustworthy Trying Tuned Turned Turning Tutorial Twelve Twice ple exp Options Other Payable People Plains Powertalk System 7.5 enhancements fall into five major areas, which are listed below along with the primary technologies underlying each: Active Assistance & Customization Apple Guide Macintosh Drag and Drop ScriptablB e Finder Collaborative Technologies PowerTalk Telephone Manager Compatibility Macintosh PC Exchange/Macintosh Easy Open MacLink Plus from Dataviz MacTCP Advanced Graphics and Printing QuickDraw GX Mobile Co Worldscript Worldwide Worrying Would Write Writing Written X-height Year-end Years Yield Electronic Electronicallye System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Information Cards keep individual or group profiles containing electronic addresses, phone and fax numbers, personal notes, and more. Because PowerTalk supports drag-and-drop delivery, files and folders can be g Without nt DOS and Windows data files support for the TCP/IP protocol enhancements that allow users to tailor their systems and automate complex or routine tasks the advanced QuickDraw GX graphics architecturH e, which provides major advances in ease-of-use for everyday printing as well as high-end graphics manipulation built-in collaborative services through PowerTalk software enhancements that optimize PowerB Customer Customers Customization Databases Dataviz Decides must be able to meet the varying requirements of these different computers. Advanced features. To build the next generation of applications, system software extensions, and user interfaces, designers require h robustness, performance, and additional services beyond those provided by today s personal computer operating systems. High-capacity, high-performance file systems are necessary to accommodate the larger amount Their Applica Quickdraw Documents Doesn't Doingre in supported applications, users can automate any series of actions such as reformatting a document or recalculatiC ng a spreadsheet. With scripting, users can also easily build custom solutions by combining the most useful features of several applications for instance, a word processing program could be scripted to automati Data Viewing Watermarks Window Without give a glimpse into the future when Macintosh systems will become even smarter about users preferences: Hierarchical Apple menus enable faster and easier access to items that are kept in folders under theO Apple menu. For instance, selecting Control Panels under the Apple menu causes a list of sub-menus to be displayed. A set of recent items selections also automatically tracks documents, applications, and se Poweractical Preferences Price Print Printingnting recent budget spreadsheet, selecting this month s figures, and copying them directly into his report. The script could then enter today s date in the report, open the PowerTalk mailer attached to the reportK document, identify people on several different mail services to whom it should be sent, and send it. Once sent, the script can do a Save As and name the report with the current date, saving it in an archive anual Meaning Meaningful Metaphor Method Microsoft Might nnected environment is important for many Macintosh users as well as DOS and Windows users who are considering Macintosh. They are equally concerned about making choices that will give them the greatest range oL f future options. Benefits for Both 680X0 and Power Macintosh Customers Because System 7.5 makes it easier and simpler to accomplish common functions, users will be able to work smarter and faster on any sup Sending Series Server Servers Services SurePrint en systems and cross-platform support, Apple and Microsoft recently anounced a joint agreement that will ensure interoperation between their respective messaging and directory services. Apple s PowerShare serveI rs, which are built upon the AOCE architecture, will support Windows clients as well as Apple s own PowerTalk clients. And Microsoft will support PowerTalk clients on its Enterprise Messaging System servers. Sp Itcapable Mailbox Mailer Mailing Manner Mechanism she wants to add it to her KeyC hain. The Key Chain essentially becomes a chain of password "keys" that will open protected network services and information. Then in the future, PowerTalk will enter the passwoQPrd, making it much easier and faster to access password-controlled information. versal mailbox. For example, when a user opens a file server that is password protected, PowerTalk will ask i Justification Kanji Kerninghecks Chief Choices Circling Offerr System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Documents on desktop, rather than the application folder, making it Notes Novice October Offering Offers Office Onides rvers that were recently used, allowing the user to quickly refer back to them and open them again. (See figure below for a preliminary depiction of hierarchical menus) Stickey Memos lets users create on-scrQ een electronic notes Windowshade Withn System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Telephony-aware applications Tie software applications to telephone functions. These include applications such as contact managers that can initiate telephone calls, databases that present information automar Vendors Connecting Connectivity Consistent Consistently Controlple ncorporates Industry Information Input Installation Installedtions cintosh Telephony Architecture (MTA), which provides a framework for the integration of personal computers and telephones. The MTA framework allows developers to create sophisticated telephony-based solutions O|which users will be able to take advantage of with the built-in Telephone Manager support in System 7.5. Solutions include: ther local or remote take advantage of server-based messaging, c Without Would elected Server Setse block of data (text, graphics, etc.) from an open file or the desktop and drag it to another location. This eliminates the steps of opening an application, copying the selected data, switching to an open documM ent, and pasting the data elsewhere instead, the user simply drags the data where he or she wants it. s how it will work with applications that support Drag and Drop: A person using a drawing program cre ndustry Information Innovative Insert Instance Instead Printe System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Computers e Sharing Users can switch File Sharing on or off and change the sharing set-up. Hard Disk (HD) Spin Down Allows users to spin down the hard disk drive with a single click. Power Settings Users can set D their PowerBook system to better conservation or better performance or open the PowerBook Control Panel. Sleep Now Allows the user to put the PowerBook into sleep mode with a single click. Sound Volume sticatedic Travelling Users Whether Which Willrk nt Enhancements Macintosh System 7.5 offers several significant enhancements that enable greater efficiency and speed allowing users to minimize the number of steps it takes to complete a given task. In additiH on, System 7.5 introduces QuickDraw GX, a sophisticated graphics and printing architecture that represents a major advance in ease-of-use for everyday printing as well as high-end graphics manipulation To mak hnology Template Their Thereby These e it easier to work with others, System 7.5 also builds in collaborative technologies such as electronic mail, catalogs, and electronic signatures via PowerTalk. It also supports industry standards such as DOS J and Windows data files, and the TCP/IP protocol. By fitting into the users larger computing environment in this way, System 7.5 provides Macintosh users with a much broader range of options. Having an open, co nteck Displayed Document Documents Dunning k volumes up to 4 gigabytes Compatibility One of Apple s main goals is to make the Macintosh more interoperable with other industry platforms. Many people work in mixed computing environments with diverse typF es of computers in a single office or on a network. And many individuals have one type of computer at the office and another at home. To reduce incompatibilities between these systems, Apple offers an increas anizations Other Particular Pattern Perform Performing Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Significant Enhancements Benefits for 680X0 and Power Macintosh Customers Active Assistance & Customization Compatability Advanced GB}raphics and Printing Collaborative Technologies Mobile Computing The Transition to Smarter, More Useful Systems System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Scriptable Finder Extending AppleScript to automate routine or complex tasks With System 7.5, Apple now builds in its AppleScript scripting technology to enable users to automate routine or complex tasks offerkept in folders under the Apple menu. For instance, selectin Formatstionality Functions Future Generatesksmes ecifically, the agreement calls for: Support of AOCE capabilities in Microsoft s Macintosh applications; Access from either the Macintosh or Windows platform to the messaging and directory servers proviK ded by either vendor; Gateways between the two vendors messaging and directory servers; Support for Common Mail Calls (CMC) on both platforms, resulting in easier cross-platform development for in-hous Typefaces Typing Typographicng Disks Disparate Display Displayed Displaying Displays Dispose Disposes Disrupting Disruption Disruptions Distance Distances tances Mailer Mailing Major Makes Making Manage Management Manager Manner Mechanism Messages Messaging Microsoft Microsoft's Mission-critical Modem Monitor Moretor Moreer Numbers Objects October ingly broad set of solutions for Macintosh users whether they are standalone or connected to others via modem, local networks, or enterprise systems. Macintosh PC Exchange/Macintosh Easy Open Built-in file exH change with DOS and Windows Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open allow MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 data files to be opened, edited, and printed with compatible Macintosh applications. They work in tand rmanceysm System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Documentw GX will raise the standards of type and document composition, making typographic excellence the standard, not the exception. This is because QuickDraw GX automates much of the typographic process. UseB rs who work extensively with type will no longer have to determine the proper kerning and justification for a particular block of type, or remember to select special characters (such as ligatures) when typing. lities Increasingly mputing PowerBook utilities PowerTalk support for PowerBook computers Active Assistance and Customization Customers want computers to work the way they do. They want to accomplish new tasks in a straightforwaD rd way without referring to a manual or consulting with a co-worker. And they want to set up their systems in ways that suit their individual preferences. System 7.5 addresses each of these customer needs. Notes Novice October Offering Offers Office System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Apple Guide doesn t simply offer a text description of various tasks; instead, it prompts the user with meaningful queries about specific operations. For instance, at the desktop level it will offer queries tha Sending Series Server Servers Services Surensd tiple desktop printers without having to access the Chooser. A desktop printer icon behaves much like a file server or other network device icon. Double-click on a printer icon, and a print queue status windowH appears. Users can decide to reorder the print queue or postpone a print job simply by dragging document icons to a new location. Users can also transfer print jobs to other printers by dragging document icons Title Track Types Updated Users Volumes talog, authentication, and privacy services on an AppleTalk network. Thus PowerShare enables teams of people to work together more easily whether they are collaborating on projects, routing a document through sE everal electronic signature levels, or communicating with each other with disparate electronic-mail systems. PowerShare also addresses another key requirement in today s distributed information systems: netwo Reader Recently Remote Replicateduments Doesn'ttionred ally retrieve information from a customer database and an accounts payable module to generate a dunning letter. As of early 1994, 80 software developers have announced support for AppleScript, including MicroE soft, Claris, Aldus, ACIUS, Deneba, Great Plains, Symantec, WordPerfect, Alladin Systems, CE Software, and UserLand. By providing scriptability, their applications can be linked to each other and with the Mac Security Select Selected Selecting Selectionsking ocument to any number of people using any available mail system, including fax. The Mailer also features the ability to contain multiple enclosures and to attach a digital signature. DigiSign. DigiSign diI gital signatures technology represents a revolutionary new capability at the system level. DigiSign provides a mechanism to electronically approve and verify data. The data can range from a single cell or field Scanners Screen Select Settings rWriter printers, Apple created the desktop publishing revolution. And with QuickDraw GX, Apple is setting the stage for the next generation in graphics. QuickDraw GX greatly extends and expands the graphics caI pabilities of the Macintosh, creating a new standard for desktop graphics computing, and reaffirming the place of Macintosh as the premier publishing platform in the personal computer industry. QuickDraw GX of Options Organization Organizations Other Others RISC-based Power Macintosh; it introduces active assistance in the form of AppleGuide; it has several features that enable much greater collaboration among Macintosh users and between users of Macintosh systemN s and users of DOS and Windows-based systems; and it starts the user learning process towards the Open Doc document-centric model in the form of Portable Documents. Support for larger har etwork Notepad Notes Novice October Offering Office Source Doc The Macintosh System 7.5 Source Document System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc o includes Macintosh Easy Open, which, when the correct data translators are present, automatically trans Connected Consider Considering Consolidateta Delivering Design e in most major languages worldwide by September 1994. It will ultimately be localized into more than 35 languages, including English (for the UK, Canada, and Australia), French, German, Swedish, Spanish, and JN apanese. e developers. Because PowerTalk is built into the operating system, System 7.5 users will be able to take advantage of this interoperability as soon as it becomes available. Telephone Manager Built-in supportM for computer-telephone integration Apple s Telephone Manager has been available to developers for two years and is now built into the operating system with System 7.5. The Telephone Manager is part of the Ma ingle Smoother Softwareith Within Working Years Computer Computer-aided Computer-based Computer-telephone Computer/telephone Computers Computes Computing Relied Remain Remaining Remains Remember Remembering Remind Remote Finder hiding allows the Finder to be inactive while an application is running; if a user clicks outside a document window, the application will still remain selected, thus preventing the novice user from geB tting by switching to the Finder or another application. Default document folder automatically saves files to a folder named Documents on desktop, rather than the application folder, making it easie chcessing Program Providing Range Recalculating Reformatting with no software upgrades required. QuickDraw GX allows users to display and control selected printers via printer icons on the Macintosh desktop. To print a document, users can simply drag the file to the deF sired printer icon. Because multiple printer icons can appear on the desktop, users can choose to send a document to any of a number of printers. An improved print dialog box also lets the user select among mul Helps Here's Hiding Hierarchicaleafingew Functionality Functions Fundamental Fundamentally Further Furthermore Future Gains Games Gateway Gateways Gathered Gathering user might want to know how to change a block of text to a different f hcessing Program Providing Range Recalculating ReformattingI between the most popular Macintosh and DOS formats. System 7.5 customers who have Power Macintosh systems can have an additional level of compatibility with DOS and Windows via emulation provided by SoftWindN ows from Insignia Solutions. SoftWindows is a native PowerPC application that emulates an Intel x86 processor and allows Power Macintosh customers to run DOS and Windows applications on top of the standard Maci Which While Window Working ingffers Viewers Viewport's@ Volume Which While Wider Window With@ Without@ Words@ World Worldscript "ing a new standard for desktop graphics computing, and reaffirming the place of Macintosh as the premier publishing platform in the personal computer industry. QuickDraw GX of Special Speed Stage Standalone Standard Standards Status Stepng folder on the server. AppleScript first became available as part of the operating system in System 7 Pro in October, 1993. With System 7.5, AppleScript becomes available to all System 7 users. New ProductiM vity Features Options for simplification, security, and greater efficiency System 7.5 includes a host of new features that help Macintosh users reduce complexity and work more efficiently. Some of the features clink Mactcp Major QuickDraw GX runs on 68020, 68030, or 68040 Macintosh systems and is also optimized for the PowerPC chip, allowing applications to access the greater speed and performance of the PowerPC technology. Many of thB e features of QuickDraw GX are available to users immediately, such as improved printing and portable document technology. Other features, such as advanced type and graphics, will require developers to build th Trying Type1 Typeface Typefaceswed Viewing Watermarkssn Viable Video Videodisk Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewerscapability to create portablK documents from any application that allow other users to print and view the document without having the original application or fonts Consistent color between scanners, displays, and printers via ColorSyn ophistication Speed Stage Standalone Standard Standards Status .5 will be announced on August 2, 1994 at MacWorld Boston. Availability in the US is planned for the day of announcement. It's expected to be availabM le in most major languages worldwide by September 1994. It will ultimately be localized into more than 35 languages, including English (for the UK, Canada, and Australia), French, German, Swedish, Spanish, and N Japanese. Settings Sharing Single Sleep Sound System 7.5 Source Documente3GX Overview Tech Article System 7.5 Source Documente White Paper Introduction This paper examines some crucial issues confronting the personal computer industry today. Fundamental shifts in technology are driving major changes B in the realm of operating system software changes that will have a tremendous impact on the personal computing market. In particular, this paper addresses four important trends: the emergence of mainstream RISCergence of mainstream RISC Script Scriptability Scriptable Scripted Scripters Scripting Scripts Tools for developers that will result in new applications that offer greater sophistication in graphics, type and printing Compatibly with Current Applications and Fonts. Apple is committed to protec Technology Token Tools Transmission Typetions elped make their written work more readable and effective. Many Macintosh users are now demanding even better typography from their applications, and they want it to be even easier to work with type. ApplicatioP?ns that work with QuickDraw GX will satisfy both these demands. users are now demanding even better typography from their applications, and they want it to be even easier to work with type. Applicat Education Efficiency Enterprise Equipment Ethernet ExpandsDateeba System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc MacTCP Built-in support for a pervasive industry standard Besides offering built-in AppleTalk networking, Apple has consistently provided compatibility with all major networking and enterprise systems. Apple by Title Track Translating Translation Translators Types Updated Users Volumes Synchronization can be one-way or bi-directional. Convenience features Other built-in utilities queue up documents to print as soon as the PowerBook is connected to a printer, and improve mouse trackingJ by enhancing cursor visibility. A sleep key puts the PowerBook into sleep mode when not in use to preserve battery life. When it comes out of sleep, hard disks and servers are automatically remounted. PowerT User's Users Utilities Virtual Voice selected types of information directly to the user s desktop mail box. Catalogs and Information Cards. Catalogs store information about users and other objects required to facilitate effective communicatioPtn. Catalogs store Information Cards and provide quick access to the information needed to collaborate with others. ional product (sold separately) to augment the capabilities offered by P Technology Token Tools Transmission as built-in network support, plug-and-play networking set-up, and support for all major networking protocols, making Macintosh systems the most-networked brand of personal computer. Apple has also been the firD st to build in support for collaborative computing at the system software level. Starting with System 7.5, collaborative technology becomes part of the standard Macintosh operating system. Recognizing the univ Front Functionality Getting Graphics Guide Guiding System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc ding scriptability, their applications can be linked to each other and with the Macintosh Finder a scripts. Scripting desktop functions. With System 7.5, the Finder also becomes scriptable, meaning that users can now automate system tasks with their scripts. For instance, using AppleScript and the deskng Where Which While Window Windows Windowshade System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc Client/Server Support For larger installations and more complex requirements, Apple also offers PowerShare Collaboration Servers software as an optional product (sold separately) to augment the capabilities ofle would be locked and the reader could On-screen Powerbook Powertalk Preferencesany uctivity and a computing environment more closely tailored to the individual s preferences. System 7.5 provides significant enhancements that make Macintosh computing easier than ever for users of both 680x0 F and Power Macintosh systems. With System 7.5, Macintosh users will be able to work smarter and faster because the software itself is smarter an indication of increasingly intelligent things to come. Significa Word-processing Wordperfect Working Worldwide Pattern Patterned Patterns Pavilion Payable Peer-to-peer Pentium People Called Capabilities Catalogs Choices Closelyd Documents Ease-of-use Easier Effectively Efficiency Enhancements Environments Everyday Executive Faster Features Files Functions t apply to Finder and system operations (How do I change the desktop pattern? How do I share a file? How do I empty the trash?) and then will provide hands-on instruction for the selected task. A standard for C third-party applications and custom solutions. Since Apple Guide is built into the operating system, it will quickly become the standard way of providing help and access to advanced functionality. Apple expect Without Word-processing Wordperfect Working Module Modules Money Mongolian Combining Common Communicate Compatability Compatibility CompleteConsider Contents Conveniently Customers Customization Delivering Design Designed Direction Disks Document-centric Documents Ease-of-use Easier Effectively Efficiency Elegantly Enable Enhancements Environment Environments Established Everyday Example Executive Extensions Faster Features Files Functionality Functions and Sun workstations, VAX systems, and a variety of hosts. Building Mac TCP into System 7.5 assures that TCP/IP support is readily accessible to the broadest base of Macintosh customers. Advanced Graphics andG Printing QuickDraw GX The next step forward in graphics with easier printing, color management, typography, and document portability By supporting high-resolution graphics with its Macintosh systems and Lase ations Options Organization Organizations Other Outticular Using Usually Utilities Utility Utilize Validate Validation Valuable Value Value-added Values Variable Variables Variant Variation Variations Varies eScript first became available as part of the operating system in System 7 Pro in October, 1993. With System 7 clinkplus Mactcp Mailbox Mailer Mailingg Named Neededed File's File-system Files illed Filling Fills Final Finally Finance Financial Finder Finder/applescript Fine-tuned Finer Fingertips Finish Firms First Mailing Mainframe Mainframes Mainstream Maintain Maintaining Maintains Major Effectively Efficiencyronments Equally Established Everyday Example Executive Experience Extensions Faster Features Files First Fitting Functionality Functions Future Linked Linking Links Linotype-hell Listed Lists Little Lives Loadable ience Extensions Faster Features Files Finder First Fitting Functionality Functions Future Community Companies Company Comparable Comparing Compatability Compatibility Number Offer Offers Opendoc Operating Operations Optimize Optimized Recalculating Recalculations Receivables Receive Receiver Receives Receiving Recent Recently Resemble Reserved Reset Resident Resides Resolution Resolution-dependent Resolution-independe Resolutions Resolve Resort Resource Resources Respect Respective Respond Responding Response Responsibility Responsible Responsiveness Restarted Restarting Restarts Restrict Restricted Restructuring Files Filled Filling Fills Final Finally Finance Financial Finder Finder/applescript Fine-tuned Finer Fingertips Finish Firms First mixed comput ilitates the exchange of documents in electronic form. With this technology, users can create a file that can be opened, viewed, and printed from a Create Creating Current Custom Customer Database Dateciency fered by PowerTalk. PowerTalk includes the client-side software in a PowerShare client/server environment. PowerShare, which shipped in January, 1994, provides sharing and adminstration of centralized collaborC ation services. By providing for the consolidated administration of shared information catalogs and gateways, PowerShare lets PowerTalk users either local or remote take advantage of server-based messaging, ca Whichtent Consistently Contain Contrast Corporate Createor t file format, known as a print and view document, that facilitates the exchange of documents in electronic form. With this technology, users can create a file that can be opened, viewed, and printed from anyL other Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed. Even if the other Macintosh doesn t have the same application or typefaces that were used to create the document, the file will retain all of the graphics and typ Network Notepad Notes Novice October Offering Office alogs technology for the storage of telephone numbers and other personal information. This provides a real-time application of PowerTalk s integration of store-and-forward collaboration to the Macintosh user exI perience. By offering built-in support for telephony, System 7.5 helps Macintosh users benefit from the efficiencies of computer-telephone integration. Mobile Computing PowerBook Utilities and Enhancements e Sharing folder, automatically enabling File Sharing, specifying privileges, and creating a folder that can be shared. Using AppleScript to script the Finder along with scriptable applications, an indiI vidual could automate the process of updating a weekly report. His script could retrieve and open the report template from a departmental server and then go onto his administrator s hard disk and open the most -standardized Obtaining Offer On-line Openinging or import a word processing file into a column. With Apple Guide, the user can learn the steps to complete the operation while actually performing the task and getting work done rather than leafing through a mG anual or browsing through on-line help for the relevant topic or working through a tutorial. Businesses, schools, and other organizations can reduce training and support costs by creating their own Apple Guid ing the broadest range of scripting options available. Using AppleScript Watch Me feature in supported applications, users can automate any series of actions such as reformatting a document or recalculatinC g a spreadsheet. With scripting, users can also easily build custom solutions by combining the most useful features of several applications for instance, a word processing program could be scripted to automatic platform. fficiency Efficiently Electronicers source 4A Q&A on GX QuickDraw GX Q&A on Apple Guide Apple Guide Q&A on Drag/Drop Drag and Drop Q&A on Script. Finder Scriptable Finder Drag and Drop Publishingallysed Window Windows Windows-based Windowshade lates Translation Translators Trash Tutorial Types Under Unique Updated Updating Useful Userland Users Using Various Vendors Volumes Wants Watch Weekly Where Which While Window Windows Windowshade Without Word-processing Wordperfect Worktiple ates a graphic that she wants to add to a word-processing document. She simply selects the graphic and drags it into position in the document. The graphic now appears in both the drawing program and the word-prO ocessing document without copying and pasting. Or she could drag the graphic onto her desktop where it becomes a Clippings file that she can drag into other files later. For example, her mailing address or co essaging Minimize Moving Ms-dos Multimedia Multiple metaphor The Macintosh popularized cut and paste functionality selecting data in a particular document, cutting it, and then pasting it elsewhere in the document or in another open file. Macintosh Drag anK d Drop goes a major step beyond this now-standardized approach to create an even simpler and more intuitive method of manipulating data. Using an application that supports Drag and Drop, users simply select a Larger Level Limited Lists Local Locking Taking Phone Phonetic Phrase Physical Picture Picture's Securing Security Sender Sensitive Separatelyngle Software Sophisticated Standard Storage Stored Stylized Support Supports System Technology Templates Their Those Through Time-consuming Universal Unlike Update User's Users Using Verify Video Virtually Wants Which Without Would Datain Step-by-step Summary System Systems Tailor Taskssript OFthem to approve and verify documents even when they are on the road. fically designed for mobile users who frequently connect to a network, work off-line, and then reconnect at a later tim Times Transfer User's Users Virtual ersal need for collaborative technology, Apple created a system-software level foundation for collaborative applications and services the Apple Open Collaboration Environment (AOCE). PowerTalk, the first producF t based on AOCE, is now built into System 7.5. (See Apple's AOCE White Paper.) PowerTalk provides a set of collaborative services that allows users to send electronic mail, share files, and digitally eraring Shipped Shipping Signature Signaturesenusk rk security. Most information travelling on today s local area networks (LANs) can be easily captured by anyone with the appropriate tools. PowerShare secures network traffic through network authentication and G encryption services that support the exchange of mission-critical or highly sensitive information on existing LANs. Interoperability Between Apple and Microsoft Messaging In keeping with Apple s emphasis on op Letter Mail-capable Mailer Mailing Mechanismicated management switching to full performance if the PowerBook is plugged in, and full conservation if it s not. It also provides for quick and easy configuration of the PowerBook for either performance or battery M conservation (see figure). Battery management features include automatic backlight dimming and a permanent RAM disk feature that saves information between restarts and shutdowns. Consolidated Control Str s in support for the Macintosh Telephony Architecture, including the Telephone Manager. PowerTalk Collaborative technologies for individuals working anytime, anywhere PowerTalk is Apple s collaboration solutiJ on for individuals. The communications aspects of PowerTalk do not require a server and can be used on a peer-to-peer basis with a modem or AppleTalk local area network. PowerTalk features include: A univer Within Worldscript Worldwide Years ninging Because PowerBook control panels are now combined into a single control strip (see figure below), users have simpler access to controls and can more easily customize their PowerBook systems. The Control SO trip can be moved anywhere on the screen. The whole Strip or portions of it can be hidden and users can arrange the modules to fit their preferences. It includes the following modules: AppleTalk Switch Allows users to switch AppleTalk on or off without going to the Chooser. Battery Monitor Provides a visual indication of present battery charge levels, rate of battery consumption, and B a digital read-out of battery time remaining. It also displays whether one or two batteries are being used and includes icons which let the user know if the batteries are charged, charging, or draining. Fil critical Network Networks Offered Offers Onlkal intosh Finder via scripts. Scripting desktop functions. With System 7.5, the Finder also becomes scriptable, meaning that users can now automate system tasks with their scripts. For instance, using AppleScrG ipt and the desktop functions of the Finder, a user could create a script that backs up a hard disk onto a server. Taking advantage of the Scriptable Finder, a user could also create a script that sets up a Fil Through Title Today Today's Topic Tracktes ogies and unprecedented ease of use. The four long-term trends that Apple sees for system software are: 1) a transition from CISC to RISC; 2) a move from passive to active assistance; 3) greater collaboration L capabilities; and 4) a move to the OpenDoc platform. This release of the Maciontosh operating system is the latest example of how Apple is moving in this direction. It is tuned to work at optimum performance on Executive Summary Macintosh System 7.5 the next reference release of the Macintosh operating system is designed for Macintosh users who want greater efficiency and productivity. System 7.5 provides significantB enhancements that make Macintosh computing easier than ever for users of both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems. By combining more than 50 innovative enhancements into a single reference release, System 7.5 shade Without Word-processing Wordperfect Workg erating system for RISC (reduced instruction-set computing). With Macintosh System 7.5, Apple offers even greater power to Macintosh, Power Macintosh, PowerBook, and Performa users, providing technology that aD ctively assists the user, elegantly simplifies many tasks, offers built-in compatibility with MS-DOS and Windows data files and disks, and brings users advanced graphics capabilities. The result is greater prod Which While Window Windows Windowshade Workg lications and file translators that are capable of opening it and lists the applications for the user. Once an application is selected, Macintosh Easy Open manages the translation and opening of the file. For L a limited time, System 7.5 will also include MacLinkPlus, a product of DataViz, which helps retain document formatting when translating data between applications. MacLinkPlus includes translators for converting Watch Weekly Wordperfect Electronically Elegantly Element Elements Eliminates Elsewhere Email Embedded Embedding Specifically Standard Storage Stored Stylized Support Supports System Systems Teams Technology Telephone Telephones Telephony Telephony-based Templates Their Those Through Time-consuming Today's Togethereo Virtually Wants Whether Which Without Would fers greater efficiency and power to Macintosh users by providing: Simplified printing and print management via a new, customizable print architecture and user interface The capability to create portablK documents from any application that allow other users to print and view the document without having the original application or fonts Consistent color between scanners, displays, and printers via ColorSyn ddresses Administrator's Advance Advanced Advantage Againding Manager Managers Manages Managing Manipulate Manipulated Manipulating Tutorial Types Under Unique Updated Updating Useful Userland Users Using Various Vendors Volumes Wants Watch Weekly Where Whether Which While Window Windows Windowshade Without Word-processing Wordperfect Workling Claris Click Clicks Clippingsags Drawing Dropped Dunning Eachlped sktop. At a basic level, these applications provide an easier-to-use, and better integrated alternative to the keypad on a telephone allowing users to place calls, answer calls, transfer and hold calls, etc. wiE th a simple, direct manipulation user interface. Examples include programs that log call times for professionals charging hourly rates and phone applications for receptionists who juggle many calls simultaneous offers Macintosh users advanced technology that helps them work smarter and faster for an affordable price. And the features of System 7.5 in combination with the Power Macintosh platform give MS-DOS and WindowD s users all the more reason to consider Macintosh. Macintosh System 7.5 benefits users by helping them: quickly learn new tasks by giving them step-by-step guidance tailor their systems to their indivi ilities Catalogs Change Checks Chief Choices Circlinger Icons Ideal Identical Identification Identified Identifier Identifies Identify Hierarchial Highly Identification Images Implementation Implemented In-house Include By building in PowerTalk, System 7.5 enables users to take advantage of the efficiencies that collaborative technologies can bring helping them to more effectively manage their communications with others. AnH d by including built-in compatibility with MS-DOS and Windows files, supporting TCP/IP, and making it easier than ever for PowerBook users to be mobile, System 7.5 gives users even greater flexibility and produ Works Worldwide Worrying Assignedlleder uilds Ethernet and Token Ring connectivity into its Macintosh systems and also supports a range of options for connecting with networks supporting IBM s SNA, Digital Equipment Corp s DECNet, Novell s IPX, and tC he TCP/IP and OSI protocols. With System 7.5, Apple is now building in support for TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), a major communications protocol for UNIX networking that is impleme Here's Hiding Hierarchicalr Productivitytocolseral System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc n install PowerTalk Personal Gateway Software (available from third parties) to get easy ose features into new GX-savvy applications. Immediate Benefits. QuickDraw GX will provide immediate benefits to people using today s Macintosh applications: Simplified, more powerful printing. The MacintD osh has always led the computer industry by providing powerful and intuitive printing functionality. QuickDraw GX takes the successful Macintosh print functions and makes them even more powerful and convenient Address Addresses Administrator's Advance Advanced Advantage Again mpany logo could be saved as a Clippings file and easily dropped into any document when she needed it. (See figure below) To provide data translation between different types of applications, System 7.5 also inQ cludes Macintosh Easy Open, which, when the correct data translators are present, automatically translates data when it is moved between differing types of applications. easier for novice u System Tasks Technology Through Tradition Users Providing enhanced power management, automatic synchronization, and other essentials System 7.5 includes a new set of utilities that extend PowerBook battery life, synchronize files between laptop and desktop K systems, and offer convenience features that make mobile computing easier and faster. Extended battery life The PowerBook Assistant gives users increased hours of battery life by providing automatic power tically based on incoming calls, calendaring programs that automatically dial scheduled conference calls, accounting applications that can automate accounts receivables follow-up phone calls, and electronic-forC ms applications that allow individuals to call the originator of a form before approving it. Screen-based telephony applications Provide the user interface for a virtual telephone on the user s Macintosh de ansition to intelligent systems that provide guidance, direction, and even automatic execution of certain tasks. Macintosh users will increasingly be able to concentrate on the content of the task at hand rathD er than the tools they need to get it done. By including Apple Guide and the Scriptable Finder, System 7.5 foreshadows future systems that will offer active assistance. With QuickDraw GX built into System 7.5 Read-out Remaining Remounted Resort Select Selecting verify the identification of the sender and if anything has been changed. Also, since signatures work with documents, developers don't have to update their applications to take advantage of this capability. r the first time, users can sign documents without the time-consuming process of printing them and circulating them for approval. Instead, documents can be routed through electronic mail, allowing them to be co Input Installation Installed International ly. Given how frequently most people use their telephones, these applications can quickly become essential to day-to-day productivity. Programmed telephony applications Allow a user to script a Macintosh G computer to handle incoming calls and interact with callers to create telephone-based information retrieval systems, voice mail, and personal agents. Telephony applications can be combined with PowerTalk s cat to another printer icon. These print management functions replace today s Print Monitor. Further benefits come from new printer extensions that can be used with existing applications and allow users to customJ ize their print output with watermarks and printing multiple pages on a single sheet. Viewing and printing documents without the original applications or fonts. QuickDraw GX supports a new type of documen Notepad Notes Novice October Offering Offers Office c color management technology Powerful type and text capabilities that, in conjunction with updated or new applications, enable the display and printing of any typeface, in any of the world s myriad script sM ystems Tools for developers that will result in new applications that offer greater sophistication in graphics, type and printing Compatibly with Current Applications and Fonts. Apple is committed to protec ddresses Administrator's Advance Advanced Advantage Again Screen Second Select Settings or PowerTalk and QuickDraw GX, a minimum of 8 MB of RAM and a 68020 processor is required. On Power Macintosh computers, System 7.5 requires a minimum of 8 MB of RAM; and to install PowerTalk and QuickDraw GX, L a minimum of 8 MB of RAM is required. Availability System 7.5 will be announced on August 2, 1994 at MacWorld Boston. Availability in the US is planned for the day of announcement. It's expected to be availabl proval Approve Architecture Assignedivering sent to others by simply dragging them onto Information Cards. By defining new catalog templates, developers can extend and customize catalog functionality to deliver access to any type of information. The impC lementation of catalog storage ranges from Personal Catalogs (collections of Information Cards stored on a user s hard disk) to sophisticated hierarchial, distributed, and replicated repositories of information Within Without Working Would Years Bytes Cable Calendar Calendaring Calendars ning new catalog templates, developers can extend and customize catalog functionality to delivc er access to any type of information. The implementation of catalog storage ranges from Personal Catalogs (collections of Information Cards stored on a user s hard disk) to sophisticated hierarchial, distribute Variety Version Versions Vertically Whether Which mpletely processed electronically. This allows any individual or organization to do business with others in a more time- and cost- ffective manner. The PowerTalk Key Chain. This security technology provideO s a single mechanism for securing access to multiple network and desktop services, including the universal mailbox. For example, when a user opens a file server that is password protected, PowerTalk will ask if Contrast Corporate Create hing, QuickDraw GX incorporates Apple s ColorSync color management technology to allow color devices and applications to input, display, exchange, and output color information consistently and predictably. It wN ill match colors between scanners, displays, printers, and even between Macintosh systems: you can send a color file from one Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed to another, and the same color matching proces Images Implementation Implemented Improved uickDraw GX fully supports worldwide character sets based international standards. Consistent, predictable, easy-to-use color input, display, and output. s easy to create documents that contain color inJ formation most Macintosh computers have color displays and most Macintosh applications are color-capable. The difficulty has been in trying to get the on-screen colors to match the colors produced on a variety g-and-drop Dragging Drawing Drivers Easier Easily Consistently Consists Consolidate Consolidated Consolidation Consonant Consortium effective communication. Catalogs store Information Cards and provide quick access to the infoa rmation needed to collaborate with others. Information Cards keep individual or group profiles containing electronic addresses, phone and fax numbers, personal notes, and more. Because PowerTalk supports drag lified Simply Since Single Skewing Smaller Smoother Software Soldh Settings Shape Should@ Shows Simplified Simply Situation@ Solutions Specific Specifies Specifying Speech-recognition@ Spreadsheets@ Statement@ Static@ Stops@ Storage Strategies@ Style Styling@ phone integration, System 7.5 builds in support for the Macintosh Telephony Architecture, including the Tel These settings and capabilities are built into QuickDraw GX fonts and are handled automatically within applications that support QuickDraw GX. Installation, screen display, and printing of fonts is simplifiedD with QuickDraw GX, which includes support for Apple s TrueType standard as well as a new version of Adobe Type Manager, ATM GX. This will allow users to select the typefaces they want, whether in TrueType or T in System 7.5. Solutions include: Consistent to a complete compound document. With DigiSign, users can attach an electronic signature as well as verify other signatures and determine if a document has been altered. Digital Signatures are electronic encK ryption keys, assigned by (agency??). To digitally sign a document, the user would simply drop the document onto his "signature" icon. After entering his password, the file would be locked and the reader could Settings Setup Several Sfnts Shading Shadow Shape ions aspects of PowerTalk do not requi[ re a server and can be used on a peer-to-peer basis with a modem or AppleTalk local area network. PowerTalk features include: A universal desktop mailbox. PowerTalk allows users to enjoy the benefits of a ke many electronic-mail applications, AppleMail does not require a server. In addition to providing mail capabilities with AppleMail, PowerTalk also extends mail functionality to every application by providinG mailer that provides a standard user interface for a mailing label which can be attached to documents. Applications that take advantage of the Mailer are mail-capable and allow users to send a given d ype1 format. International support. QuickDraw GX provides extensive, system-level capabilities for the display and printing of any international text system, such as Arabic or Kanji (including support forF 2-byte languages). It doesn t matter whether the text reads right to left, left to right, vertically, or some combination of the three. QuickDraw GX can even display text that combines different reading direct Cmcne Computers Computing Considerably Consistent ions within the same line. In addition, QuickDraw GX and WorldScript, Apple s system technology for international software localization, provide Macintosh developers with a powerful set of tools for the creatiH on and release of equivalent software versions worldwide. Specifically, QuickDraw GX provides support for the display and graphical manipulation of international fonts and text systems on Macintosh computers. Q ses will help maintain accurate color display and printout on the second machine. Improved tools for developers. By providing a sophisticated set of system-level graphics routines, QuickDraw GX developersP can incorporate graphics functionality rotation, stretching, skewing, drawing, and other features into a broader range of applications than ever before. QuickDraw GX applications can also be much smaller tha Handled Hierarchial System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc luding the universal mailbox. For example, when a user opens a file server that n comparable applications are today, requiring considerably less RAM and hard disk space. And they will be easier and faster to develop. r installations and more complex requirements, Apple Handled Hierarchial Highly Forces Forecast Forecasts Forefront Foreground Foreshadows Forged omatically sort and forward inco_ ming mail, archive mail after it is read, monitor databases and information sources, and create personalized newspapers by delivering pre-selected types of information directly to the user s desktop mail box. Simply Since Single Skewing Smaller Smoother Software Incorporates Incorporating Incorrectly or browsing and searching information, regardless of the number of communications services they use. It provides a single mail box icon for all incoming and outgoing ] including on-line services, fax, voice, electronic mail from various sources, and documents from any application. The universal mail box makes use of third-party gateway software that allows seamless infor of color output devices. For example, a businessperson might have to redesign an entire presentation when she sees that the contrast between the text and the background color is not nearly as great on transpaL rencies as it is on the screen. Or a graphic designer might have to rework a design when the colors in a corporate logo come out differently in print than they looked on the screen. To create better color matc Could Count Counter Countries Couple Course Covers Create Installations Installed Installing Instance Instead Instructed Instructing Instruction Instruction-set Instructional Instructions Integers Integrate Integrated Integrating Integration Kinds Knowledge Known Label Labor-intensive Laboratories Lacking Lacks Lam-alif Language Language-specific Languages Laptop Large Repositories Repository Represent Representation Represented Representing Represents Reputation Request Requests Require Television Template Templates Tends Terminology Terms Tested Testing Text-editing Text-to-speech Textedit Textual , Apple maintains its leadership position in graphics and imaging, continuing to provide the technology for increasingly realistic imaging, support for multiple languages, professional publishing capabilities, F and price/performance breakthroughs in multimedia and desktop video. At the same time, QuickDraw GX delivers advances like portable documents and desktop printer icons that make every application easier to use. SelectingCommunications Comparable Complete Composition Model Modeless Models Modem Modes Modification Modified Modify Modifying Modular Module and other Macintosh systems. With it, PowerBook users have the freedom to work whenever and wherever they want without worrying about whether they have the most current version of a document. The PowerBook Fil Apple Apple's Applemail Appletalk Application Applications Because major print functions, including background printing, dialogs, and PostScript font management, are provided as standard objects under QuickDraw GX, developers can quickly build printer drivers for existB ing and new output devices, resulting in Macintosh support for an even greater range of output devices. Collaborative Technologies Over the past 10 years, Apple has pioneered collaborative technologies such ctivity. As a result, Macintosh users can work more productively because the system software works smarter for them. System Requirements Macintosh System 7.5 requires a Macintosh Plus or later, a hard disk J with (depending on the configuration) as much as 25MB of disk space available, and either a 1.4MB floppy, CD-ROM drive, or access to a network. For 680x0 systems, System 7.5 requires a minimum of 4 MB of RAM; f owertalk's Present Productivity Professionals Programmededd alk Support for PowerBook Users Because PowerTalk software enables collaboration, it is especially useful for mobile users who need to communicate with others, no matter whether they are connecting to a local aL rea network, a public e-mail service, or directly to another Macintosh computer. Even if a PowerBook users isn t part of a network, he or she can install PowerTalk Personal Gateway Software (available from thir PowerTalk was specifically designed for mobile users who frequently connect to a network, work off-line, and then reconnect at a later time. With PowerTalk, users can quickly and easily copy mail from a server,B read it off-line, and compose replies. When the user is reconnected to the network, all messages will be sent automatically. The Transition to Smarter, More Useful Systems Macintosh System 7.5 begins the tr Selecting Set-up Settings Sharing Single Sleep Sound d forward documents from within an application. Apple began shipping PowerTalk with System 7 Pro in October, 1993. As part of System 7.5, PowerTalk becomes available to all System 7 users. Another key elementH in each person s collaborative environment is the telephone and, increasingly, the integration of computer and telephone functions. To pave the way for smoother computer-telephone integration, System 7.5 build box makes use of third-party gateway software that allows seamless information exchange among users. With mail agents that are available from third parties, users can manage the ever-increasing flow of electrN onic correspondence. Mail agents can automatically sort and forward incoming mail, archive mail after it is read, monitor databases and information sources, and create personalized newspapers by delivering pre- Support Supported Supporting Supports Suppose Surpassing Surrounded Survey Swash Swedish Switch Create Created Cross-platform Customize Database Databases Depending Depends Depiction Deploy Depth Derived Derives Descenders Descent Describe Described Describes By clicking on the Control Strip s sound icon and selecting the volume, users no longer need to resort to the Control Panels. Video Mirroring Allows user to switch video mirroring on or off without going toF the Control Panels. (Icon available only when a PowerBook is attached to an external monitor) File synchronization The PowerBook File Assistant automatically synchronizes files between PowerBook computers Works Worldwide Worrying Archive System 7.5 Source Documente System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc d to communicate with others, no matter whether they are connecting to a local werbook Powertalk's Present Productivity Professionals Programmedon d parties) to get easy access to fax, pager, and e-mail services, as well as the Internet. PowerTalk puts everything you need to communicate in one place. Users can organize information needed to collaborate uch as electronic addresses, phone and fax numbers, and supporting notes in easy-to-access catalogs that they can take with them wherever they go. A user s DigiSign signer can also travel with them, enabling ively Productivity Professional Professionals Programmed ansfer User's Users Virtual Databases Putting Quadra Quadratic Quality Quantum Queries Query Question Questions Queue Queued Quick Quickdraw Functions Future Gateway Given Greater Group Hierarchial Identification Images Implementation Implemented and other Macintosh systems. With it, PowerBook users have the freedom to work whenever and wherever they want without worrying about whether they have the most current version of a document. The PowerBook FileH Assistant keeps any two files, folders, or disks synchronized locally, over a network, or using a diskette. It provides drag and drop set up and lets users select automated or manual synchronization of data. Voice Volume Whether Which Whole Without s of data generated by new technologies such as multimedia. The full 32-bit operation enabled by RISC performance speeds access to and processing of data and instructions. Preemptive, multithreaded execution wij ll allow the construction of more sophisticated programs. And memory protection will isolate the effects of errant programs. The Macintosh Operating System System 7 for PowerPC Apple s Macintosh operating sys capabilities. The Approach Taken by Other Vendors In contrast to Apple s moves with the Macintosh operating system, the strategies of the other major operating system vendors for their transition to PowerPC hx ave serious shortcomings. The following sections describe these approaches and their implications for customers. Microsoft. Microsoft s message to customers about RISC is clear: Customers who want RISC must ad System Strategy lications. Because the transition to RISC centers around high performance and the new capabilities enabled by that high performance customers will also judge operating systems by the breadth of selection of nat` ive applications (applications that offer full RISC performance) available. Software developers must choose a specific operating system for their PowerPC products, because, for example, an application ported to System Strategy Competition the future. Although few of the differences in System 7 for PowerPC will be perceptible to users, significant changes have occurred within the core. A new runtime architecture, adapted from workstation-class ov perating environments, makes application development more straightforward. And subsequent versions of Macintosh system software will add true multitasking capability, memory protection, and enhanced file-system Adopting Technology System Strategy ows NT were designed for easy portability. Other operating systems, notably Windows, are intrinsically tied to a certain microprocessor architecture and cannot easily be adapted to another. Volume. Platform sh\ ipment volumes drive developers decisions on whether to develop software applications for the platform. High-volume platforms will attract developer attention, while low-volume platforms will suffer a lack of Scriptable Finder Thread Manager g out versions of their applications for PowerPC processor based Macintosh computers. It is expected that hundreds of off-the-shelf applications will be available in 1994 for these new Macintosh systems. Applp e also offers migration paths for customers who want to move up from existing IBM PC environments to the PowerPC environment. Already, hardware-based solutions for PC compatibility are available in the Macintos Strategy year following their introduction. Because System 7 for PowerPC will be the standard operating system installed on these computers, Apple expects it to quickly become the operating system volume leader for nott only PowerPC processor based computers, but for all RISC systems, far surpassing other contenders. Looking down the road, Apple is rapidly enhancing Macintosh system software to provide a solid foundation for rams for Macintosh. A mixed-mode architecture also supports new native applications that run at full PowerPC speeds. And Apple has been working closely with the third-party development community to ensure a bron ad range of native application software for the PowerPC processor based Macintosh computers. To date, more than 60 companies including all leading software vendors have publicly announced commitments to bringin Departments Custom System 7 for PowerPC will not operate on Windows NT for PowerPC. Ease of setup, use, and administration. Easy-to-use system software has become a de facto requirement of personal computer users. Customers wab nt systems that they can set up in a straightforward manner, easily configure with add-on devices, manage by themselves without requiring an administrator, and so on. Traditionally, RISC systems have used UNIX a complex operating system appropriate for the highly technical market occupied by high-end engineering and graphic workstations, but difficult for mainstream customers to work with. Operating systems designed d for personal computer users must appeal to a broader, more numerous market. Hardware efficiency. Operating systems differ in their appetite for hardware resources such as memory and hard disk space. Workstatio Supporting Quickdraw Their Applica ctures. Windows customers who want RISC performance must migrate to a different operating system. IBM. IBM s strategy for the PowerPC chip is to offer a number of high-end, workstation operating systems and le~ ave the choice to the customer. Operating system choices to be offered by IBM include AIX, Workplace OS, Solaris, Taligent, and OS/2 (on Workplace OS). Each of these operating systems alone is a weak contende Manager n and server operating systems typically require 20 megabytes or more of RAM and at least a 250-megabyte hard disk drive. In contrast, RISC-based personal computer operating systems must operate comfortably witf h 8 to 12 megabytes of RAM and 80-megabyte hard disk drives. Scalability. PowerPC processor based personal computers will come in a range of designs, including desktop and notebook models. An operating system programs. Customers demand a broad selection of applications. Availability and compatibility of current programs. Customers moving up from current-generation computers (both DOS and Windows software based comp^ uters and Macintosh computers) will insist on support for their existing applications and data. The level of compatibility offered will be an important factor in their choice of an operating system. Native app response. Intel, alone in investing in Pentium, is responding to the PowerPC threat by preannouncing the details of a Pentium follow-on chip P6. According to Intel, P6 will be a very complex chip, with more thaR n 6 million transistors (twice as many as in the Pentium chip), offer two to three times the performance of Pentium, and ship in volume at the end of 1995. Operating Systems for RISC Microprocessors Microproc Applescript Itself Provide essors and operating systems have a strong interrelationship. DOS grew up as the operating system for the Intel 80x86 architecture, and now Microsoft Windows is succeeding to that position. Although these operaT ting systems have had a commanding role in the CISC microprocessor world, Microsoft has no announced plans to port Windows or MS-DOS (the Microsoft version of DOS) to a RISC platform the effort would be tremend ous. (It s important to understand that DOS and Windows applications will run, through software emulation, on Macintosh computers with PowerPC processors.) Because of this basic incompatibility, the PowerPC chiV s dramatic, high-volume entrance into the personal computer arena will profoundly affect the operating system market, as new contenders seek to establish the standard. As RISC achieves mainstream status in 1994, the crucial question is which operating system will dominate the PowerPC platform. Several operating systems are jockeying for this leadership position. The operating system vendors Apple, Microsoft, IBM,X and so on all have different approaches to providing operating system software for RISC-based personal computers. Some vendors require users to adopt a new operating system altogether, while others take an evo C microprocessor such as the PowerPC chip. Microsoft s mainstream operating system Windows 3.1 is simply not available for PowerPC or any other RISC microprocessor. This is because Windows 3.1 (like its event| ual successor, Chicago) is built around the Intel architecture, contains significant amounts of 80x86 assembly-language code and, according to Microsoft officials, is not easily ported to other computer archite Applescript Technology Other Plat@ h Quadra line. The PowerPC chip brings a new level of performance to software-based compatibility solutions, rendering them highly practical. Through a partnership with Insignia Solutions, a leading vendor of er mulation technology, Apple can provide software-based emulation of both DOS and Windows programs. Apple has announced that it forecasts shipping 1 million PowerPC processor based Macintosh computers within the lutionary approach. To become the new standard in the personal computing market of the near future, an operating system must meet the following criteria: Availability for RISC. This may be the most important fZ actor to even be in the competition, the operating system must be able to run on PowerPC. Operating systems vary in the ease in which they can be moved from platform to platform. For example, both UNIX and Wind tem (System 7) the industry benchmark for easy-to-use system software maps well against all of these criteria, positioning it to assume operating system leadership on RISC. During the past two years, the Macil ntosh system software has been enhanced to run on the PowerPC microprocessor. With a 68040 software emulator as a standard component, System 7 for PowerPC offers exceptional compatibility with all existing prog (Complex Instruction Set Computing) technology will allow the PowerPC chip to offer significant and increasing performance and price/performance leadership over the competing Intel architecture based on CISC tL echnology. The PowerPC chip derives its price/performance advantage over the Intel CISC architecture through less complex chip design, which translates to a smaller die size and more cost-effective manufacturin arena. These three companies combined efforts to create a powerful, scalable, and cost-effective RISC-based microprocessor architecture. The result, known as the PowerPC microprocessor, will power that next genJ eration of computers from both Apple and IBM. The three companies in the PowerPC alliance believe that the inherent advantages of RISC microprocessor technology over microprocessors based on older, 1980s CISC Applescript Competition g. Intel s Pentium chip, the PowerPC chip s competitor, demonstrates the cost and manufacturing burden of having to maintain exact compatibility with the large CISC instruction set. PowerPC growth path. In addN ition to the initial PowerPC 601 chip, the Apple, IBM, and Motorola alliance has announced a series of follow-on PowerPC chips, under concurrent development. These include the low-power, low-cost PowerPC 603 (d onal details on Apple s overall strategy in this area, is also available. This paper is designed to complement that piece.) RISC Goes Mainstream RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) microprocessor architeH ctures have been commercially successful in the workstation market since the 1980s. In 1991, Apple, IBM, and Motorola joined forces to bring the benefits of this technology to the mainstream personal computing ll be looking for in the future. Already, the Macintosh operating system is recognized as providing leadership technology in areas such as ease of use, graphics and imaging, and multimedia. This paper explains F how Apple intends to build on its current strong position, comparing and contrasting its approach with that of other vendors. (Note: The Macintosh Operating System Strategy White Paper, which provides additi Typography esigned for use in PowerBook and low-end Macintosh computers), the high-performance PowerPC 604 (which will eventually replace the PowerPC 601 in desktop and midrange systems), and the superior-performance, fulP l 64-bit implementation PowerPC 620 (designed for use in high-end workstations and servers). As a result, the PowerPC architecture offers a well-understood, compelling growth path for years to come. The Intel opt a new operating system Windows NT. But because Windows NT was designed as a server operating system, it requires significant storage capacity and includes operating complexities (for example, in the area ofz security) that make it an inappropriate choice for mainstream users. Windows NT also lacks mainstream applications, and even programs available on the 80x86 version of Windows NT must be ported to run on a RIS computers, the move to object technologies, the new emphasis on collaboration and communication, and the leap from today s passive, graphical user interface to interfaces that are both active and intelligent.D The Macintosh operating system System 7 meets fundamental requirements in these areas, providing customers with the capabilities they need, as well as offering a foundation for providing the advances they wi Numbers Numerals Numerous Nutshell Obtain Obvious Occupied Occurred Off-the-shelf Offer Offered Offering Offerings Offers Officials Often Older Opendoc Operate Operating Operation Options Organizations Other Others Overall Overhead Overlapping oo often in the past, however, users have been hindered rather than helped by the technology daunted by multiple formats, competing communications services, and the sheer bulk of information they receive. Incre asingly, it s becoming obvious that merely having information at our fingertips isn t enough. What we need are technologies that help us to manage information not just get more of it. Already, Apple has demons trated industry-leading directions in these kinds of useful collaborative technologies. New developments will continue to help customers navigate vast stores of information and collaborate with others without c oncern for the platforms or protocols involved. To provide advanced collaborative solutions, strong, consistent networking capabilities must be built directly into the operating system. Customers should be abl e to deploy systems, applications, and services and have them transparently take advantage of the appropriate network protocol. Toward that end, Apple is delivering the Open Transport Architecture an architec ture that allows all networking protocols (AppleTalk, IPX, IP, DECnet, and more) to function at a high level in the Macintosh networking world. In contrast, networking in the Windows world is complex, with mult iple, competing implementations of the same protocol and no unifying architecture for developers or users. For users to get the full advantages of computer-based collaboration and communications, electronic-ma il services should be integrated directly into the operating system not a separate utility and mail should be gathered from different sources into a single desktop mailbox. The architecture should have an open back end to facilitate the integration of gateways providing access to a variety of mail environments, such the Internet and QuickMail. The messaging system should scale from peer-to-peer offerings for small wo rkgroups up to server-based systems for large groups and organizations. And the mail service should go beyond simple text to support media-rich data, including graphics, animation, sound, and video. True workf low in groups and organizations becomes possible when electronic-mail services are augmented with authentication, digital signature, and privacy services, so that organizations can build systems that are trustw orthy and secure. Systemwide scripting is also critical, to allow people to take off-the-shelf programs and weave them together into custom workflow solutions. Apple products for collaboration. PowerTalk syst em software, delivered in the System 7 Pro product, is the first comprehensive collaboration product for the individual user. Its built-in electronic messaging, catalog, security, and digital signature capabili ties make it easy for individuals to communicate and work with other individuals or groups on a network. PowerShare Collaboration Servers are the focal point of Apple s team-oriented collaboration platform. Po werShare Collaboration Server software is designed to provide a powerful platform for team-oriented collaboration solutions: reducing management overhead and costs through the consolidation of system administra tion, improving network security, and facilitating the creation of systems with large numbers of PowerTalk users on an AppleTalk network. It provides server-based mail, catalog, and privacy services for PowerTa lk users. Apple recognizes that today s computing environments are seldom homogeneous. Interoperation and coexistence with products and services from other vendors is a core component of Apple s strategy. We b elieve that users must have the flexibility to mix and match desktop machines and departmental servers from several vendors. To address this requirement, Apple has forged an agreement with Microsoft that allows users to deploy a variety of computers and servers with the confidence that they will all work together no matter what combination of equipment is selected. In addition, departmental systems must integrate we ll with other mail systems and the enterprise s centrally managed messaging and directory backbones. To address this need, Apple is working with third-party vendors to deliver both personal and server gateways to allow individuals and teams to interoperate with mail and collaboration systems other than Macintosh system based services, as well as enterprise backbones. The competitive approach. The approach taken by A pple with its System 7 Pro software, as well as with the next version of Macintosh operating system software, is in stark contrast to that of Microsoft and its collaborative solution Windows for Workgroups hown in the following figure: Feature Macintosh Windows System 7 Pro for Workgroups E-mail Desktop mail Peer-to-peer LAN mail Limited Point-to-point dialup Server independent (open back-end extensibility) Single log-in (key chain) Simple directory services Server based Rich data content Workflow services Digital signatures Bidirectional authentication Scriptabl e With the next version of Macintosh system software Extensible catalog Privacy Collaboration integrated in O/S Third-party support Limited Available for PowerPC Moving from Passive to Active User Interfaces In the 1980s, Apple pioneered the concept of the personal com puter graphical user interface, incorporating features such as windows, menus, icons, and copy-and-paste functionality to simplify the process of working with computers. Apple made the interface even richer wit h the addition of built-in collaboration via PowerTalk, and with speech recognition via PlainTalk software on the Macintosh computers that support Apple AV Technologies. As a result, the power of computing tech nology is now accessible to more people than ever before. The popularity of the Macintosh system software and of Microsoft Windows has demonstrated the relative superiority of the graphical user interface over older, command-line interfaces. But after 10 years of experience, Apple is able to recognize potential limitations in the current and relatively passive graphical user interface (GUI) model. Based on this expe rience, Apple is poised to evolve the user interface from a passive GUI to one of active assistance that accomplishes specific tasks with minimal direction, and even anticipates user preferences and needs. Comp uters in the future will incorporate intelligence that will understand what the user is attempting to do and guide him or her through the task. A logical next step is allowing people to delegate complete task s to the computer, freeing them to focus on other activities. When this technology is in place, the user interface will be transformed from a passive player to an active, intelligent assistant. Users will ben efit from an intelligent interface that adapts to their way of working. The technology necessary to implement an active interface is wide-ranging. First, active interfaces will require tremendous power. Advanc ed natural-interface technologies such as speech-recognition and text-to-speech software are necessary to improve communication with the user. Second, the system software must also have high-level control over portions of itself, as well as over applications. Apple is actively working toward the creation of such an interface, harnessing the power of RISC and OpenDoc technology to deliver the next generation of syst em software based functionality. Already delivered are key technologies such as PlainTalk speech-recognition and text-to-speech software, Apple Events and AppleScript scripting technologies, and QuickTime multi media software. And the next release of Macintosh system software will include Apple Guide technology, which provides step-by-step context-sensitive assistance even to the extent of showing users precisely how to complete a task using scripting. 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, Macintosh, Macintosh Quadra, and PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registe red in the U.S.A. and other countries. AppleScript, OpenDoc, PlainTalk, PowerShare, PowerTalk, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. DECnet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. AIX, I BM, and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation; PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. QuickMail is a tradema Xrk of CE Software, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. OS Competitive White Paper A&When and how is AppleScript available?E AppleScript Package Packaged Packages Packed Paged Pages Pairs Panel Panels Perceptible Performance Personal Personalities Piece Pioneered Place Plaintalk Plans Platform Platforms Player Plug-and-play Point Point-to-point Poised Popularity Portability Ported Portions Position Positioning Possible Potential Potential Potentially Power Powerbook Powerbooks Powerful Powerpc Powerpc-based Powershare Powertalk Powertalk/powershare Practical Preannouncing Preceding Precise Precisely Predecessor Predefined Predictable Predictably Predicted Predrawn Preempt Preemptive Preface Preferences Provides Scriptable Software Source Strategy Technologies Thread Typography !A"Who will benefit from Apple Guide?E Apple Guide Apple believes that the majority of its customers will benefit from Apple Guide. For example, users who don't have the benefit of a support desk will now have access to an electronic assistant; mobile users whB o don't want to travel with their manuals can access Apple Guide while in the field; and businesses and institutions that want to deliver specific help to users can create their own Guides. Drag and Drop Contents Introduction Drag and Drop Overview The Drag Manager The Interaction Model Drag Manager Operations Summary Requirements References CopyrB ight 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw iy Scalable Scale Scriptable Scripting Seamless AppleScript Developers benefit because AppleScript can: Increase the value of their products. The availability of a widespread scripting language in a commercial product increases its ability to adapt to specialized marB ket niches. Simplify localization. AppleScript is a universal scripting language; compiled scripts are not tied to any particular language. Extend product life cycles. The life cycles of their products ironments Errant Error-prone Establish Eventual AppleScript AppleScript Extension AppleScript is implemented as a system software extension, which means that its capabilities are readily accessible to all developers who want to include scripting capabilities in their aB pplications. The extension itself occupies less than 2K of system memory when there are no scripts running and 300K when scripts are running. Script Editor AppleScript version 1.0 features a simple script edinds Scriptable Scriptable Finde Beenplex Providing Provision Public Publication Publications Publicly Publish Published Publishing Punctuation Purchase Purely Purpose Purposes Pushing Putting Reduction Registered Relative Relatively Release Releases Rendering Replace Require Requirement Requirements Requires Requiring Windows Windows-based With-stream Within Without Word-processing Wordperfect Wordperfect's Words Worked Workflow Workgroup Workgroups Working Would Write Writing Written Integration Integrators !el's Intelligence Intelligent Intends Intent Interface Interfaces International Internet Interoperability Interoperate Interoperation Interrelationship Intrinsically Introduction Investing Involved Irregularly Isn't Isolate Issues Itself Jockeying Joined Judge Kinds Known Applescript Article (erview AppleScript AppleScript commands include verbs such as close, print, delete. Objects are parts of applications (such as windows), of documents (such as words or paragraphs), or of AppleScript itself. ApplicationsB are also objects, because they can be instructed by commands to perform certain actions. Each object understands only certain commands. Objects that share similar characteristics, among them the commands thatThread Manager Applescript Reserved Reset Resident Resides Resolution Resolution-dependent Resolution-independe Resolutions Resolve Resource Resources Respect Respective Respond %ficing Scalability Scalable Scale Scriptable Scripting Seamless Second Sections Secure Security Seldom Selected Selection Separate Separately Series Serious Server Unlike Unlimited Unprece-dented Unprecedented Unrelated Unsure Until Unused Unwieldy Upcoming Update Updated Updating Upgrade Upgrades Upper Upper-left Upper-left-hand Upside Upward Upwards Urdu-like Where Whether Which While White Wide-ranging zpplescript Minimum Configuration Applescript Security Mechanisms Applescript Provide Applescript Allow Users Can't Applescript Available Which Applications Support Applescript Customers Applescript Apple Charging Applescript Runtime Applescript Added System AppleScript Introducing AppleScript Technology The Macintosh lets you do what you want to do with a computer, easily and efficiently. While the innovative graphical interface of the Macintosh streamlined the computing prB ocess, even the most creative work can sometimes involve repetitive actions. The graphical interface, though easy to use, doesn t facilitate automation of routine tasks. In addition, you may work with a varie Server-based Servers Service Service/support Services Set-top Setting Settings Shown Signature Signatures Significant Simple Simplify Simply Since Single Single-vendor Situation Skills Small Smaller Software Software-based Solaris Solid Solution Solutions Future Q&A OnScreen @#A Q&A Print InfoBASE osh System Software Strategy OS Competitive White Paper Q&A Particular @ A Q&A Print InfoBASE nounced Another Answer Anticipates Appeal Appetite Apple Apple's Applescript Appletalkhitecture Architectures Areas Arena Around Assembly-language Assist Associated Associations Assume Attention Attract Availability Available Based Basic Because Becomeeing MAoHow will desktop printing be implemented with QuickDraw GX and will it be transparent to existing applications?E QuickDraw GX QuickDraw GXW MAoHow will desktop printing be implemented with QuickDraw GX and will it be transparent to existing applications?E QuickDraw GX NA7Can you install just the printing part of QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GXW Ocript How is AppleScript implemented?E AppleScript AppleScript is implemented as an extension to system software; users install the AppleScript Extension into their system. Apple's Script Editor allows users to write, record, and edit scripts. AppleScript ll Applescript Available Which Applications Support Applescript Customers Applescript Apple Charging Applescript Runtime Applescript Added System AppleScript Scripting System Structure AppleScript is built upon an interapplication messaging system called Apple events. Simply put, Apple events are the medium through which AppleScript directs applications to performB tasks. When you write a script, you write a set of statements in the Script Editor. When you run the script, the Script Editor sends these statements to the AppleScript extension, which interprets the statem A)How will AppleScript work with PowerOpen?E AppleScriptH With the Open Scripting Architecture, we have a fundamental architecture which will work across platforms. At this time, we can't provide specific details on how AppleScript will work with PowerOpen.With Poweropen Applescript Taligent Operating System Benefits Using Applescript Concerning Quickdraw Difference Between Adobe These Third-party Summarizes Summary Summer Superhighway Superior Superior-performance Superiority Superscript Superscripting Superscripts Supplied Supplies Supply Support Supported Supporting Supports Suppose Text-to-speech Their Themselves Therefrom These Sophisticated@ Sought Specific@ Specifically Standard@ Stereo Stream@ Subroutines@ Summarizes@ Surpassing@ Systems@ Tasks Telephone@ Threat@ Time@ Transform Transparently Types@ Union Unix@ Variety@ Viewing@ Vocabulary@ Wider@ Windows@ Working Applescript@ Article Strategy Third-party Thorough Those Though Thousands Thread Threading Threads ademark Trademarks Traditionally Transformed Transistors Transition Translates Transparently Transport Tremendous Trends Truly Trustworthy Twice Typically Uncertain Under Understand 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Competitive Competitor Competitors Compilation Compile Compiled Compiling Comprehensive Computer Computer-based Computers Computing Concept Concern Conclusion Concurrent Concurrently Confidence Configure Confronting Confuses Consequently Consistency Consistent Consistently Consists Consolidate Consolidated Consolidation Consonant Consortium Constant Constructed Construction Constructs Consultants Consulting Consumer Consumers Consumption Contain Contained Container Containers Criteria Critical Cross-platform Crucial Cumbersome Current Current-generation Currently Cursive Curvature Curve Curved Curves Custom Custom-ized Customer Customer's Customers Customizable Customization Customize Customized Cutting Cycle Cycles Daily Dashed Dashing Develop Developer Developers Development Developments Devices Dialup Differ Difference Differences Different Differentiate Differentiated Differentiating Differently Difficult Difficulty Digisign Digit Digital Digitally Digits Dilemma Dimensions 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Group-editing Grouping Groups Grows Growth Guarantee Guesses Guide Guidelines Guiding &ction Gxrasterlinefeed Gxspoolpage Halftones Halftoning Halfway Handled Handler Handlers Handles Handling Happen Happens Hardware Hardware-based Harnessing cintosh System Software Strategy Possible Custom Guides Apple Guide Apple Guide Where Custom Apple Guide Databases Installed Benefit Apple Guide Apple Guide System Balloon Still Included Operating System eFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Finder Applescript Strategy Strategy Applescript Strategy Competition Thread Manager Which Technology System Release Aren't While System Offers Enhancements Isn't Quicktime Release System System Instead System System Strategy Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Desk accessories The desktop Disks Document files Files Folders Font files Gestalt information Info windows Keyboard layouts Processes Script resources Sound files SuitUsed Which Third Parties Embraced Implementing Compete Microsoft's Isn't Apple Including Protected Memory System Strategy Competition eFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategyr System Tuned Advantage Power System Apple's Overall Software System Different System 7.1.2 Shipped System Customers Moving Syste System Available Which Developers Adopting Technology System Strategy Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Macintosh Easy Open Macintosh Easy Open is a system extension from Apple Computer that works with MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translators to deliver file translation as transparently as possible. Together, they all Departments Custom Apple Guide Microsoft Built Extensive Their Office Suite Competition Strategy Finder Commands Scriptable Scriptable Finde eFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Mac OS Strategy nhancements Apple Decide Needed Versions Operating Apple Charging Operating System Didn't Compatibility Checker System There Versions Operating System Relea Apple's Shrinking Third-party Developers Strategy Mac OS Strategy OpenDoc in a Nutshell OpenDoc, the industry-standard compo-nent software architecture being developed by Apple, WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, and others through CI Labs, offers several major advances for users of atprint Various Configurations Finder Going Updated System Available Which Developers Adopting Technology System Overview Paper Powertalk/powershare Printing Customers Appleguide Authoring Tools Nevada Strategy System Technologies Thread Typography White Mac OS Strategy ware Strategy Mac OS Strategy Quickdraw Compatibility Level Between Existing Techno Footprint Quickdraw Inactive Performance Difference There Between Support There Postscript Fonts Quickdraw Should Expect Applications Advantag Which Companies Supporting Quickdraw Their Applica ference Between Apple's Scriptable Finder Exactly Apple System Software Technologies Benefits Scriptable Finder Need@ Mac OS Strategy This cooperative effort will result in a specification for OpenDoc parts that run across Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 platforms and networks, giving users more options and developers more leverage from a and developers more leverage from a Based System Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Introduction This document presents a high-level description of the Scriptable Finder, which is part of System 7.5. This document is not intended to be an in-depth look at the finer details of the Finder Evenages System Against Isn't Apple Including Protected Memory System Strategy Competition Infobase Macintosh Manager Mobility Operating eFMacintosh System Software Strategy Macintosh Operating System Strategy Upgrade Strategy Customers Moving Syste Finder Going Updated System Available Which Developers Adopting Technology System Mobility Bundle Table of Contents Mobile Operating System Direction and Overview PowerBook File Assistant 1.0 Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 Calendar HyperCard Player 2.2 eWorld OS Extensions PC Exchange Macintosh Easy Open Document Converter MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translator Launcher/Software Highlights PowerBook Control Strip What It Does How It Works GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics pplescript Applescript Compare Microsoft Applescript Compare Microsoft's Visual Basic Advantage Text-based Approach Applescrip Applescript Competition Apple Applescript Technology Other Strategy Applescript Applescript GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics Applescript Scriptx Newtonscript Future Applescript Applescript Provide Applescript Allow Users Can't Applescript Available Which Applications Support Applescript Customers Applescript Apple Charging Applescript Runtime Applescript Added System OS Comp. WP Apple System Software Competitive White Paper Introduction This paper examines some crucial issues confronting the personal computer industry today. Fundamental shifts in technology are driving major changes B in the realm of operating system software changes that will have a tremendous impact on the personal computing market. In particular, this paper addresses four important trends: the emergence of mainstream RISC criptable Finder Tech Brief Thread Manager Tech Brief Macintosh Operating System Strategy OS Competitive White Paper GX Overview Tech Article System 7.5 Source Document plescript Together Applescript Poweropen Applescript Taligent Operating System Benefits Using Applescript Article Brief Bundle Competitive Document Finder Graphics System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc GX Graphics Tech Article GX Graphics Macro Languages Applescript Replace Hypercard Applescript Applescript Across Applications GX Typography Table of Contents Introduction Characters, Glyphs, and Codes Character Properties String and String Ordering Fonts Font Families Extended Styles Style VariationsB Font Files Font Names Open Font Architecture Line Layout Features Glyph Appearance Automatic Ligatures and Contextual Forms Automatic Fractions Source Doc QuickDraw GX will raise the standards of type and document composition, making typographic excellence the standard, not the exception. This is because QuickDraw GX automates much of the typographic process. UseB rs who work extensively with type will no longer have to determine the proper kerning and justification for a particular block of type, or remember to select special characters (such as ligatures) when typing. GX Typography Tech Article eadable System 7.5 Source Document Source Doc GX Graphics Tech Article Graphics Overview Printing Typography Mobility Bundle Powertalk/share pplications Support Applescript Customers Applescript Apple Charging Applescript Runtime Applescript Added System ~ffff ffffff ffff33 ff33ff ff3333 33ffff 33ff33 s such as moving or deleting files. This use of dragging gives you a sense of control because you can manipulate objects directly with excellent visual feedback. This method is faster and more intuitive than T commands because it s not hidden in a menu. Drag and drop is an improvement to the Macintosh user experience. It makes movement and manipulation of data easier and faster. The Drag Manager is the enabling sy Drag and Drop Tech Article reamlines Structure Suites System Systems t trigger a script every time you save a file. The triggered script could then save a back-up copy of the file on a server. Scripting System Structure AppleScript is built upon an interapplication messaging m system called Apple events. Simply put, Apple events are the medium through which AppleScript directs applications to perform tasks. When you write a script, you write a set of statements in the Script Editor AppleScript Tech Article Microsoft's systems are called components. For example, the Apple Data Access Language (DAL) might act as a scripting component. You could write an AppleScript script to automate the process of reconciling your revenue forecast in a spreadsheet. The script would open your revenue forecast spreadsheet and get the appropriate data, while a complementary DAL script would do the job of placing that data directly into a mainfram AppleScript Tech Article Software Technologies AppleScript commands include verbs such as close, print, delete. Objects are parts of applications (such as windows), of documents (such as words or paragraphs), or of AppleScript itself. Applicat_ ions are also objects, because they can be instructed by commands to perform certain actions. Each object understands only certain commands. Objects that share similar characteristics, among them the commands AppleScript Tech Article tatements for assigning values for variables, and subroutines for creating user-defined commands. The Macintosh operating system itself exposes system objects and commands for scripting just like any other appc lication. Examples of system objects include files, applications, computers, and AppleTalk zones. This allows scripts to manipulate objects in the Macintosh desktop. Localization In addition to English, Ap AppleScript Tech Article the plain ASCII text. The Drag Manager uses a four-character ResType to identify a flavor. Drag Handlers The Drag Manager uses an application s drag handlers to provide dragging feedback and to complete a d` rag. There are two types of drag handlers: tracking handlers and receive handlers. A tracking handler is called while an item is being dragged over an application s windows; a receive handler is called when y Drag and Drop Tech Article Computers Dictionaries Dictionary nt to do with a computer, easily and efficiently. While the innovative graphical interface of the Macintosh streamlined the computing process, even the most creative work can sometimes involve repetitive actioE ns. The graphical interface, though easy to use, doesn t facilitate automation of routine tasks. In addition, you may work with a variety of programs on a regular basis that you would like to integrate into a AppleScript Tech Article as well as to generate scripts automatically via a recording mechanism. Both Apple Computer and third parties will build on AppleScript technology to deliver additional script development tools in the future. The Script Editor occupies about 750K of memory. Scripting Additions The AppleScript language can be extended easily. These language extensions are called scripting additions. A specialized scripting addi AppleScript Tech Article , and to shrink or expand an object. Drag is a fundamental skill used for manipulating objects in the Macintosh operating system environment. It is used to move a selected object from one location to another. H The technique of dragging is a multistep process. It is accomplished by positioning the mouse pointer over an object and pressing the mouse button, moving the mouse to a new position, and then releasing the mo Drag and Drop Tech Article er is a convention and a collection of system software services that includes traps, data structures, and human interface recommendations. This promotes dragging data within and across applications at the deveR loper and user levels. Drag and Drop Overview Dragging is a skill every Macintosh user uses to varying degrees. It is a quick and simple alternative to text line commands a way of performing common operation Drag and Drop Tech Article Simplifies Simplify Single Smalleric arallels the selection of data with the mouse and enables scripting of a wide variety of objects with a consistent syntax. The use of the Object Model to refer to objects within applications makes the syntax ow f AppleScript natural and understandable: the fundamental structure of AppleScript mimics the way users think about data in their applications. Event Suites To achieve a standardized syntax, Apple has worked AppleScript Tech Article Quickdraw ge; compiled scripts are not tied to any particular language. Extend product life cycles. The life cycles of their products can be extended by attaching scripts that intercept events intended for the applicS ation. Open market opportunities to create specialized applications. As their applications become components in custom systems designed by scripters, developers are freed to release smaller, more specialize AppleScript Tech Article es users day-to-day activities by automating two major classes of computing tasks: routine operations, such as making backups, organizing files, accessing mainframes, and downloading e-mail; and operations thaW t are complex enough to be difficult to remember and repeat. Customize Macintosh systems. AppleScript can save time and reduce user errors by allowing users to customize their systems based on how they work AppleScript Tech Article Applescript AppleScript Tech Article Drag and Drop Tech Article Between Adobe Desktop Printing Printing Extensions Features The Drag Manager can depend on these resources for use of their routines or to share their data structures. Primary connections for the Drag Manager are QuickDraw, and the Process, Memory and Event Managers. SZ econdary relevances are HFS, Packages, TextEdit, AppleEvents, Windows Manager, and Toolbox utilities. Drag Manager Routines The Drag Manager incorporates some new routines to support the drag process; they a Drag and Drop Tech Article Included Increase Increases Individual rts it from a form that people can understand (for example, text) to Universal AppleScript. During the compilation process, AppleScript checks the script to make sure that its syntax (the arrangement of wordi s in each statement) is correct. It also checks the vocabulary to make sure that the words in each statement are understood by the application (or applications) that the script controls. Once a script is comp AppleScript Tech Article Applescript and Event suites form an evolving standard in an ongoing process to define common sets of events and objects by application category. The results are published in a book called the Apple Events Re{ gistry (available from APDA). AppleScript Components AppleScript technology is composed of the following components. AppleScript Extension AppleScript is implemented as a system software extension, which me AppleScript Tech Article FVA, ARPL CD, January 1994 AppleScript Overview Presentation, ARPL CD, January 1994 AppleScript Tech Article Microsoft's Visual Basic Existing Macro Languages@ Apple Applescript Technology Other Plat@ amiliar software packages. For example, desktop applications can become useful interfaces to corporate resources. Simplify the development process. AppleScript empowers scripters to reuse existing functionalO ity in off-the-shelf software in custom solutions. Commercial Developers Commercial developers benefit from the AppleScript universal, object-oriented design. By taking advantage of the underlying Apple even AppleScript Tech Article d products to meet specific niche market needs. Open market opportunities for new classes of applications. AppleScript facilitates whole new classes of applications such as intelligent agents and smart dU ocuments. Position them to take advantage of new Apple technologies. End Users End users can use AppleScript to do the following: Automate routine or highly complex tasks. AppleScript greatly simplifi AppleScript Tech Article written Advantage pleScript supports a variety of international dialects, easily and transparently. Compiled scripts are stored in a dialect-independent format called Universal AppleScript. When a script editor displays a stoe red script, AppleScript automatically displays that script in the default language of the machine s system software. A script written and compiled in English and opened on a machine running the KanjiTalk opera AppleScript Tech Article Quickdraw s interapplication dragging as a Macintosh interface improvement that addresses speed, accessibility, and easier data manipulation. Drag and drop is an interface improvement that lets you edit documents fasterF and makes data more accessible and easier to change. Dragging is used to select blocks of text, to choose a menu item, to select a range of objects, to move an icon or other object from one place to another Drag and Drop Tech Article orking Would Written Zones raphical user interface environment is identifying the object to be operated upon. Instead of selecting the object of an action with a mouse, AppleScript objects are identified by compound names, called refereu nces, based on a naming scheme called the Object Model. The Object Model allows users to refer to objects in multiple ways without regard for how the individual objects are implemented by applications. This p AppleScript Tech Article e database application. Other scripting systems can work smoothly within the OSA. Each script is tagged with a creator code that identifies the scripting system with which it was written. The correspondi ng scripting component is loaded when the system is told to run the script. Further Reading AppleScript Getting Started Guide, E.T.O. #14 AppleScript White Paper, ARPL CD, January 1994 AppleScript Q& AppleScript Tech Article Adobe ironment. With AppleScript, the Macintosh is the best and most flexible platform for custom and vertical solutions. AppleScript User Advantages AppleScript offers advantages to three distinct classes of userK s: scripters, commercial developers, and end users. Scripters Scripters is a term applied to VARs, in-house developers, systems integrators, and consultants that use AppleScript to create custom solutions. A AppleScript Tech Article Their Applica rk of VARs, in-house developers, systems integrators, and consultants. Creates exciting new possibilities for commercial developers. AppleScript gives you the power to shape your own computing environment. I It delivers on the promise of Apple event technology by enabling everything from the automation of simple, often-repeated tasks to the integration of several complementary applications into a single working env AppleScript Tech Article Applescript ting system will not only run as intended, it will display in the Japanese dialect. The Basics The first step in creating any script no matter how simple or complex is to open an AppleScript-capable script edg itor. Using Apple s own Script Editor, you simply type the text of the script into the Script Editor window. Next, you compile the script by clicking the Check Syntax or Run buttons. Compiling a script conve AppleScript Tech Article Added System ans that its capabilities are readily accessible to all developers who want to include scripting capabilities in their applications. The extension itself occupies less than 2K of system memory when there are no} scripts running and 300K when scripts are running. Script Editor AppleScript version 1.0 features a simple script editing facility called the Script Editor. Scripters can use this facility to write scripts, AppleScript Tech Article Implemented ntage AppleScript Tech Article Technology Other Plat@ ppleScript allows them to produce a wider variety of innovative custom solutions more easily and more efficiently than ever before. Specifically, AppleScript enables scripters to do the following: Build solM utions from off-the-shelf applications. Simplify network computing and streamline support. Routine support tasks like disk backups or updating network software can be automated. Let end users work with f AppleScript Tech Article tion can be written for almost any purpose in any programming language. For example, an in-house developer might write a scripting addition in C or Pascal that drives a videodisk player. Scripts can call this specialized command using a convenient syntax, such as play videodisk. Alternate Scripting Components The OSA allows other scripting systems to work smoothly in conjunction with AppleScript. Such scripting AppleScript Tech Article System cript Technology Natural Vocabulary Application Dictionaries Commands and Objects Localization The Basics Scripting System Structure Opening Scripting Architecture Object Model Event Suites pleScript Components AppleScript Extension Script Editor Scripting Additions Alternate Scripting Components Further Reading Introducing AppleScript Technology The Macintosh lets you do what you wa AppleScript Tech Article stem software for drag and drop. The Drag Manager The Drag Manager is a toolbox manager that implements inter- and intra-application dragging of data. It includes traps, data structures, and human interfacV e recommendations. It is not designed to be a stand-alone packaged unit. It is used instead by applications and system software to implement drag and drop. It is designed to be included in the next and subse Drag and Drop Tech Article tensions Features use button. Dragging can have different effects depending on what s under the pointer when the mouse button is pressed and when it is released. Classic examples include dragging files in the Finder to changeJ what directory they are in, dragging rectangles in MacDraw to move them, or dragging a file to the Trash. Graphic objects can be moved by dragging. The application either moves the entire object or attaches Drag and Drop Tech Article re used when a user moves a selected object from one location to another. The new routines are drag items, drag flavors, tracking handler, and receive handler. Drag Items Drag items are the selected objects \ that a you drag. For example, if you select and drag three files, you re dragging three different drag items. Drag Flavors Drag flavors describe the kind of data that a drag item contains. When you drag an Drag and Drop Tech Article ng) or even move the object from one window to another. Drag and drop is an extension of this, allowing you to drag more objects and data in your Macintosh documents. The objective is to make dragging a moreP pervasive and powerful feature of the Macintosh by allowing dragging in more applications, between applications, and to and from the Finder. This improvement is achieved using the Drag Manager. The Drag Manag Drag and Drop Tech Article mplifies Simplify Simply Single Smaller item to an application window, the receiving application must determine whether it can accept the data in the drag item. Each item can have more than one flavor, because data can usually be described in more t^ han one format or data type. For example, you can describe text data as ASCII data, styled text data, or RTF interchange format. If a program can t accept the more elaborate RTF format, it may be able to use Drag and Drop Tech Article hare data by using the utilities Copy, Paste, Publish, and Subscribe. However, users want more flexibility in the way they can move data between applications. Apple Events begins to address this, but lacks tD he responsiveness and visual method for users to manipulate data between applications. A user survey found that speed, accessibility, and data manipulation were highest on their wish list. Drag and drop allow Drag and Drop Tech Article Within Without Words ou release the mouse button to drop the item in a window. Each window has a tracking handler and receive handler installed for it, though several windows may use the same handler. When you initialize an applib cation or open a new window, you call the Drag Manager to install the application's drag handler callback routines. The Drag Manager also provides interapplication drag and drop services because it s importa Drag and Drop Tech Article tted outline of the object. If you release the mouse button while the pointer is outside the boundaries, the object remains in its original location and doesn t move. If you move the pointer back within the bN oundaries before releasing the mouse button, the object appears at the new location. If you move the object beyond the boundary of a window, the application can also scroll the document (using automatic scrolli Drag and Drop Tech Article Simplifies Simplify Simply Single Smaller quent system software reference releases. It also could be licensed as a system extension to developers who need it for products running on earlier versions of system software. Relation To Other System ResourX The Drag Manager is not an entity that stands alone. Operationally, the Drag Manager depends on a number of other toolbox and operating system utilities and has an established relevance to those resources. Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop Tech Article Contents Preface Introduction Drag and Drop Overview The Drag Manager The Interaction Model Drag Manager Operations Summary Requirements References IntroductionB Current applications are good at visual manipulation of data within their own windows, but do little to extend that ability outside of their own windows. Today different applications and tools interact and s Drag and Drop Tech Article a dotted outline of the object to the pointer and moves the outline as the user moves the pointer. When the user releases the mouse button, the application redraws the complete object at the new location. An application can restrict an object from being moved past certain boundaries, such as the edges of a window. In this case, if you move the pointer outside the boundaries, the application stops drawing the do Drag and Drop Tech Article 1980s 25-megahertz 250-megabyte 280/280c 64-bit 68020 68030 68040 72-dot-per-inch 80-megabyte 80x86 Ability About Above Absence Abstract Accessing Accommodate Accomplish Accomplished Accomplishes According Achieve Achieved Achieves Across Action Actions Active Actively Activities Actual Adapt Adapted Adapts Add-on Addition Additional Additions Address Addressed Agreement Aldus Alert Algorithm Algorithmic Algorithmically Alias Aliases Alignment Alternate Alternative Although Altogether Among Amounts Animation Announced Another Answer Anticipates Anything Appeal Appearance Appearances Appears Appetite Apple Apple's Applescript@ Appletalk@ Applications@ Approach@ Assembly-language@ Attach@ Automatic@ Aware Basis Because@ Become Benefits Breadth@ Budget Captured Care@ Carried Categories@ Centrally Chicago@ Cleaning@ Close@ Collaborative Commands@ Comparing@ 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Trustworthy Trying Turned Turning Twelve Twice Two-dimensional Typeface Typefaces Unionl Usability Usable Useful Usefulness User's User-defined User-interface User-perceived User-visible Userland Users Using Usually Utilities Utility Utilize Variation Variations Varies Variety Various Varying Vector Vectors Vehicle Vendor Vendors Ver-sion Verbs Verification Verified Verify Version Versions Vertical Vertically Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewgroup Viewgroup's Viewgroups Wider Widespread Width Widths Windingnumberfill Window nt to know where the drag starts and ends. The application where the drag starts is called the sender. Any application that the item is dragged over is a potential receiver of the drag; the application that td he dragged object is dropped into is the actual receiver. In a drag situation, the drag receiver could be the same application as the drag sender. With the availability of interapplication dragging, the drag Drag and Drop Tech Article receiver could very easily be another application. Interaction Model The user-visible elements specified by these guidelines are motivated by a single human interface principle that provides immediate feedbaf ck at significant points during a drag-and-drop operation illustrated in the interaction model. The guidelines are organized into sections corresponding to the four types of feedback: selection, drag, destinat Drag and Drop Tech Article ion, and drop. An item is defined as anything that can be selected by the user text, graphics, bitmaps, and icons. Drag-and-drop sequences that cross windows are limited to items characterized as containers, h such as a document, that could only be dragged across folder windows, disk windows, and the desktop in the Finder. Dragging graphic items is limited to a single window. For example, MacDraw objects can be drag Drag and Drop Tech Article ged to another location in the same window, but not to another MacDraw window. Using the Drag Manager eliminates these limitations and allows you to drag any content from any window to any other window that acj cepts that content type. Feedback Guidelines Generally, drag feedback should include one or more dotted outlines, and be distinct from selection feedback. The Drag Manager generates dotted outlines by drawin Drag and Drop Tech Article g a one-pixel thick outline of the drag region with a 50 percent gray dithered pattern, regardless of monitor bit depth and color capability. The appearance of destination feedback depends on the type of destil nation, destination windows, and folders that are highlighted, but in different ways. Several windows may even have different highlighting appearances due to differences in their structures, such as Finder wind Drag and Drop Tech Article ows and text document windows. The Drag Manager provides some utilities for simple highlighting, while more complex highlighting must be handled by the application. If an icon represents a system service, suchn as a mailbox or printer, the drop feedback should be followed by some indication that the service is being delivered. When dropping graphics, the drop feedback is usually the movement of the actual item to the Drag and Drop Tech Article location of the mouse-up event. After dropping text, the drop feedback is the movement or copying of text from the source to the destination. If a move operation is in effect, the source text disappears. In ep ither case, the text inserted at the destination is selected. Drag Manager Operations The Drag Manager improves on the properties of the previous interaction model by providing a richer set of dragged items a Drag and Drop Tech Article nd useful destinations. It supports an enhanced application of drag and drop. It should be noted that the source window remains in the foreground after the text has been dropped in the destination window. r Also, the dragged text remains highlighted throughout the operation. This drag operation is a copy function between two applications without the use of the Clipboard. A clipping file is created by dragging a Drag and Drop Tech Article piece of data from the active window. When an item is dragged from an application to the desktop, the Finder creates a clipping that contains the data in the dragged item. Clippings are similar to sound, fot nt, and edition files; they are not owned by any particular application. If discontinuous selections are dragged from a source to the Finder, a separate clipping is created for each item. The Finder icons fo Drag and Drop Tech Article r clippings can be thumbnails (small pictures that resemble the dragged data) or system-defined icons for TEXT and PICT. When clippings are created, each is given a default name. For example, if you have a clv ipping named text clipping, a subsequent clipping placed in the same destination would be named text clipping 2 to avoid a naming conflict. You can open clippings in the Finder and view a representation of Drag and Drop Tech Article the data in a modeless window, similar to the Clipboard window. You cannot select, copy, or edit any of the contents in these windows. To use data from the clippings file, you must drag the file into another x application window. Summary The major steps of the drag-and-drop interaction model parallel a copy-and-paste sequence, where you select an item, choose the Copy command, specify a destination, and choose the Drag and Drop Tech Article Paste command. Although the process is similar, the drag-and-drop technique using the Drag Manager does not use the Clipboard. There are situations where drag and drop is so intrinsic to an application that tz here is no suitable alternative. For example, dragging icons in the Finder is such a basic operation that there are no other methods to accomplish the same task. When drag-and-drop sequences take place, your a Drag and Drop Tech Article pplication needs to determine whether to move or copy the dragged item after it is dropped on a destination. The actual behavior depends on the context of the drag-and-drop operation, as described below. In ge| neral, if the source and destination are in the same container (for example, a window or a volume), a drag-and-drop sequence is interpreted as a move operation (that is, cut and paste). To specify a copy operat Drag and Drop Tech Article ion within the same container, use the Option key when dragging. If two different containers are involved, a copy operation (that is, copy and paste) is executed as the default action. Requirements The Drag M~ anager is currently packaged as a system software extension that can be licensed for integration into applications. Drag Manager requires System 7. References For in-depth understanding of the Drag Manager, Drag and Drop Tech Article refer to the following publications: 1. Programmer s Guide for the Drag Manager 2. Drag and Drop Human Interface Guidelines Drag and Drop Tech Article Drag and Drop Tech Article was designed with various output devices in mind. It supports raster, PostScript , and vector (for example, plotter) devices. There are also many built-in features, such as halftoning and dithering, to produceL the best image for an output device. All data structures are private, so that the graphics, line layout, and printing software and hardware on which they run can evolve without disrupting existing application inter Points Position Positioning Potential Powerful Preface Pressed esigned, and there is no built-in support for vector devices. Nor are there any special graphic functions such as dithering. However, QuickDraw GX will not replace QuickDraw. They will work side by side. Thus,P even if a user has QuickDraw GX installed, old QuickDraw applications will still work. Graphic calls will be routed to the correct part of the graphics system, and both QuickDraw and QuickDraw GX applications Managers Manipulate Manipulating Manipulation Memory Method se geometric structures are defined by a fixed-point coordinate system. The coordinate system does not assume what metric (for example, inches or millimeters) defines the spacing in the system. Therefore, the iH mages can be drawn to any resolution device, such as a monitor or printer, because the graphics system makes no assumptions about spacing. An analogy to this situation is the difference between screen (bitmapp What's While Window Windows Within , and whether the geometry is framed or filled when drawn. The shape is the most fundamental QuickDraw GX object. The geometry is plotted in local space. A shape has attributes, such as whether it should be stoT red in accelerator memory if one is present. A shape can contain user data, supplied by the application. There are four basic types of shapes: geometric shapes, typographic shapes, bitmap shapes, and picture s Foreground Format Found Four-character Function . Because much of the graphic manipulation overhead is handled by QuickDraw GX, many applications may eventually be significantly smaller in size (if they are targeted for markets where QuickDraw GX is assumed F to be a part of the system). Overview QuickDraw GX is a geometric-based, resolution and device-independent graphics system. Images are described by geometric structures such as points, lines, and curves. The Share Should Shrink Significant Similar Simple Single Situation QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article Table of Contents Introduction Overview Graphic Objects Shape Style Transform Ink Color Space ViewPort ViewDevicB ViewGroup Local, Global, and Device Spaces Another View: Why Different Coordinate Systems? Geometric Structures Points Lines Curves Rectangles Useful Userh Within You're tenate, invert, intersect, union, difference, and so on. An ink describes color and how color is applied when the shape is drawn. Inks contain the color specification, the color space in which the color \ is described, and the transfer mode used to apply the color. Color Space A color space describes a set of colors. The color space may be derived by an algorithm such as RGB, HSL, or CMYK (algorithmic color sp etermine Developer Developers Different Directly Directory Diskuments s. Thus, any changes to data structures within QuickDraw GX must be made through a procedural call. These QuickDraw GX features resolve many of the limitations with QuickDraw. QuickDraw is a bit image, resolutN ion-dependent graphic system. Since many applications write directly to the data structures, there have been numerous compatibility issues. In addition, support for PostScript was added on after QuickDraw was d Monitor GX Graphics Tech Article QuickDraw GX Overview Tech Article Introduction Simplified and More Powerful Printing Portable Documents More Sophisticated Typography Consistent and Predictable Color Matching Compatibility Improved Tools for Developers Technical Issues Introduction QuickDraw GX provides a robust graphics environment, high-quality typography, worldwide text services, and an extensible print architecture that en GX Overview Tech Article hapes. The QuickDraw GX Typography document covers typographic shapes. This document provides an overview of geometric, bitmap, and picture shapes. There are two special types of shapes: empty shapes and full V shapes. Empty shapes have no geometrical information. Nothing appears when an empty shape is drawn. They can be used to build polygon shapes. A full shape covers the largest possible area. A shape contains n portion of the shape to be seen. The mapping is a 3-by-3 matrix that defines translation, scaling, skewing, rotation, or perspective . The geometry within the shape may be clipped and mapped directly or cliZ pped and mapped when the shape is drawn. The transform also describes the parts of shapes to be hit tested and the hit testing tolerance. Transform operations include translate, rotate, skew, perspective, conca fferences Different Directly Directory Disappears Discontinuous Polygons Paths Bitmaps Pictures Introduction The QuickDraw GX Graphics engine delivers powerful geometric resources to any Macintosh application. With QuickDraw GX as a building block, softwarD e developers will be able to revise and enhance applications more quickly. The built-in, system level graphics resources provide applications with sophisticated easy-to-implement graphics and type functionality references to other graphics objects: styles, transforms, and inks. Style A style describes how the geometry of the shape is interpreted, for instance, the thickness of the pen, the starting and ending geomeX try of a line segment (start or end cap), the dash or pattern. Transform A transform describes the clipping and mapping applied to a shape. The clipping limits the extent of the shape, allowing only a certai ed) and TrueType fonts. Both fonts contain information about how to draw characters on the screen. However, screen fonts are best shown at their predefined point size on a 72-dot-per-inch (dpi) output device. AJ ttempting to change the font size or draw to a different resolution device can result in rough edged characters. This problem does not happen with TrueType fonts because they are based on curves. QuickDraw GX can run concurrently. Graphic Objects Images are constructed from graphic objects: shapes, styles, transforms, inks, color spaces, viewPorts, viewDevices, and viewGroups. All graphics objects may be created, R edited, and deleted. They may be flattened into a stream of publicly defined opcodes and data, copied, and paged out to disk. Shape A shape describes a geometry, such as a line, polygon, path, bitmap, or text Appleevents Applemail Assembly-language Assets Assigned Assigning Assignment Assigns Assist Assistance Assistant Assistants Assists Associate Associated Associating Associations Associative Assume Assumed Assumes Assuming Assumption Assumptions Attract Attributes Augmented Authentication Automate Automated Automates Automatic Automatically Automating Automation Availability Available Average Avoid Avoids Award Award-winning Aware Back-end Back-up Backbones Background Backing Backspace Backups Based Baseform Baseform's Baseline Baselines Basic Basics Basis Breadth Break-throughs Breakthroughs Bridge Brief Bring Bringing Brings Broad Broaden Broader Broadest Brought Browsing Budget Building Buildings Builds Built Built-in Bundle Bundled Bundles Burden Burdened Business Businesses Businessperson Deploy Depth Derived Derives Descent Describe Described Describes Describing Description Descriptions Design Designates Designed Designer Designers Designs Desirable Desire Desired Desires Developments Device Device-independent Devices Dialect Dialect-independent Dialects Dialup Dragged Dragging Dramatic Drawing Drawn Draws Drive Driven Driver Drivers Drives Driving Dropped Dropping Dual-processor Dunning During Dynamic Dynamically E-mail Highly Hindered Hindi Hinting Historic Histories History Hit-side Hit-testing Holding Homogeneous Horizontal Hosts However 'reds Hyphen Ibm's Icons Identical Identified Identifies Identify Identifying Identities Identity Instead Involved Involves Inward Irregularly Irrespective Isn't Isolate Isolation Issue Issues Italic Items Itself January Japanese Pervasive Pervasively Phase Phases Philosophy Phone Phonetic Phrase Physical Picture Picture's Pictures Piece Pieces Pieter Pioneered Pixel Pixel-measured Pixels Pixelsize Place Placed Placing Plain Plainslaintalk Plans Platform Platforms Playback Player Players Privacy Private Privileges Pro-cessors Probably Problem Problems Procedural Procedures Proceed Process Processed Processes Processing Processor Processor-based Processors Produce Produced Produces &oprietary Protection Protocol Protocols Provide Provided Provides Privacy@ Produces Proportions@ Providing@ Quadra@ Quick Ready Reconciling@ Recording@ Refine@ Released@ Replaced Reserved@ Respond Review@ Rich@ Routine@ Save@ Scheme@ Securing@ Select Selecting@ Server-based@ Setup@ Shared Shows Similar Singular Smart Released Releases Releasing Relevance Relevances Relied Remaining Remains Remember Remembering Remind Remote Removing Rendered Rendering Reorder Reordered Reordering Repeat Repeated Repertoire Repetitive Replace Replacedesents Require Required Requirement Requirements Requires Requiring Resemble Select Selected Vocabulary Voice Volumes Vowel Wanted Watermarks Weave Well-understood What's Whenever Where Whether Which While White Whole Wide-ranging ace); or it may be described by a list of colors (indexed color space). By changing the parameters that define an algorithmic color space, custom color spaces can be created to reflect the way color is produced^ on a device. When drawn, colors are matched from one color space to another (that is, color matching). ViewPort A viewPort describes the clipping, mapping, and color space associated with a window (or a part of a window or another viewPort). The mapping describes the viewPort s position in global space. A color space defines the set of colors that the viewPort allows. A viewPort specifies the dithering or halftone` s used by that window. A number of viewPorts can be arranged in a hierarchy. ViewDevice A viewDevice describes the clip, mapping, and color space associated with a physical device, such as a monitor. The mapp ing describes the viewDevice s position in global space. The color space specifies the set of colors the viewDevice is able to display. A shape, when drawn, is affected by the clip and mapping of the transform,b viewPort and viewDevice. ViewGroup Finally, a viewGroup describes an imaging world, for instance the off-screen and on-screen worlds. A viewGroup defines the global space in which viewPorts and viewDevices a re located. Multiple viewGroups allow viewPorts or viewDevices to share the same coordinate space without interfering with each other. Local, Global, and Device Spaces There are three coordinate spaces: locad l, global, and device. Shape geometries are described in local space, and windows on the screen are located in global space, defined by a viewGroup. The bounds of a viewGroup are -32768 to +32768 in both the x and y coordinates. A third space, device space, describes viewDevices, and contains a pointer to the pixels used to draw. Local space has no metrics; the geometric structures of a shape are determined only inf relation to the shape and to each other. A viewPort contains the mapping used to convert from local space to the viewGroup s global space, and a viewDevice contains the mapping used to convert from global sp ace to device space. Once transformed by their shape transforms, all shapes within a viewPort are in the fixed point space of that viewPort. Once transformed by the viewPort s transform, shapes are in the globh al space of a viewGroup. When transformed by a viewDevice s transform, a shape is positioned in device space. To understand the transition between the various spaces, you can follow a simple shape from its loc al coordinates outward to global space and then inward until it is located in device space. The shape is a rectangle, defined in local coordinates by points at 300, 400 and 600, 1000. This shape s transform traj nslates the shape s position by +100 in both the x and y coordinates, placing the shape s origin at 400, 500 in the viewPort. There are no metric assigned to the coordinates. Global coordinate space is defined by the viewGroup. The viewPort has its origin at 1200, 800 in the global space of the viewGroup. Two viewDevices have their origins at 800, 1000 and 1400, 1200, also in the global space of the viewGroup. The l shape s geometry and the two transforms added together put the shape at 1600, 1300 in global space. One viewDevice has its origin at 800, 1000; its width extends to 1400. The second viewDevice begins at 1400, 1200 and contains some of the shape. That viewDevice s transform maps global space to its pixel-measured device space. Adding that to the shape s 1600, 1300 global space coordinates puts the shape at 200, 100 n in device space, where it can be displayed. Applications normally work in local space and the transform space within a viewPort. Another View: Why Different Coordinate Systems? The local, global, and device coordinate spaces exist to support a multiple window and multiple monitor environment. The viewGroup s global coordinate system allows multiple viewPorts (which is what fills a window) a common reference pointp to determine where they should be placed relative to each other. The local coordinate space gives a static coordinate system for applications. So even though there are changes occurring in the global coordin ate (for example, a window and its viewPort are being moved around), the application does not have to translate all the points relative to the global origin. With a constant local origin, the application does nr ot need to know that its shapes have been moved; the system handles the translations. The device coordinate is provided so peripherals such as monitors do not have to refer to a global reference. Like the loca l coordinates, it can implement its own coordinates system, with the origin located in a convenient location such as the upper-left-hand corner of the device. Geometric Structures All geometry is specified int terms of one or more x-y coordinate pairs, or points. For instance, a line has two points that define the line segment, and a rectangle has two points that define opposing corners of the rectangles. Points def ine the geometry relative to the other points within the geometric structure. Points, lines, and rectangles are geometric structures, described by fixed-point coordinates. Additionally, geometric structures arv e defined for curves, polygons, paths, and bitmaps. These structures say nothing of the position, resolution, color, fill, or clipping associated with the structure. The geometric structure alone does not defin e how the geometric structure is drawn. Points Points are defined by two fixed-point integers. (A value of (0, 0) specifies coordinate origin. The coordinate axes are upside down from traditional mathematics:x x values increase to the right, y values increase going down. Thus, local coordinates mapped unaltered into device coordinates cause (0,0) to correspond to the upper left corner of the viewDevice. In device co ordinates, a pixel is surrounded by grid lines; the point is located on the upper left boundary of a pixel. Lines Lines are two points with a direction. Reversing the start and end of a line may cause the liz ne to behave differently when drawn. For instance, dashing begins at the start of a line. Lines are framed when drawn, and specify a start and end cap, but no join. Curves The curve described by three points is a quadratic B zier. This curve is the same curve used to describe Apple s outline fonts. A line connecting the start point and the control point describes the initial direction, or tangent, of the curve. Th| e line connecting the control point and the end point describes the final tangent. Interchanging the first and last points does not affect the curvature. The curve is always contained by the triangle formed by the three points. The mid-point of the curve is halfway between the control point and the mid-point of the start and end points. Rectangles Rectangles are defined by two points that define opposing corners o~ f a rectangle. By convention, these two points are the upper-left and lower-right corners of the rectangle. Note that corresponds to the first point s x position, top commands to the first point s y po sition, and so on. Rectangle parameters may specify any corner point first; rectangles returned by routines will always specify the top-left corner first. Rectangles may be filled or framed when drawn. The fil l type closedFrameFill specifies that the geometry is framed and closed; that is, the first point specifies both the beginning and the end of the frame. For the purpose of dashing, rectangles begin at the uppe r-left corner and proceed clockwise. Rectangles have no start or end as far as line caps are concerned, and they have a join at each corner. The rectangle can be filled when drawn. Polygons A polygon defines a single contour, or a series of connected points. The polygon can describe any positive number of points, including zero. A polygon describes the number of points and the points themselves, but does not descr ibe the lines connecting those points. Specifically, it does not define whether the last point is connected to the first point. The fills openFrameFill and closedFrameFill define whether a polygon they descri be an is open or closed frame. A polygon may be filled with evenOddFill, windingNumberFill, or inverseFill fill types . WindingNumberFill is a different way to describe what part of the area is inside the poly gon. InverseFill describes everything outside of the polygon. Polygons describe zero or more contours; each contour describes zero or more points. The contour count, point count, and points for each contour ar e referenced sequentially to define the entire polygons structure. The number of points in any contour is restricted to 32767, and the number of contours is restricted to 32767. Thus, the total number of point s in any one polygon structure is restricted to 1,073,676,289. Polygons can be used to describe a grid of lines, or the result of the union of two polygons. Paths Contours can have curved segments; when they do, they are called paths. A path is identical to a polygon, except that it has an array of bits that specify when a vector point is on the path or off the path. Two consecutive points on the path form a straig ht line. A point off the path causes the path to diverge toward that point and then back to the next point on the path in a smooth, continuous curve identical to the quadratic B zier defined earlier. When two consecutive points are off the curve, they imply a point on the curve, halfway between them. Like polygons, paths may have more than one contour. For example, some outline characters, such as the letter O, hav e two contours. Also, like polygons, there are different functions to fill in a path. Paths, like polygons, may have zero or more contours containing zero or more points. For each contour, the control bit arra y should contain 1 bit per point, packed 32 bits per long. Thus, a contour with 1 to 32 points requires 1 long, and a contour with 33 to 64 requires 2 longs. The unused bits do not need to be initialized. bits corresponding to the first and last points in a contour are special because they may or may not have meaning, depending on the way the geometry is interpreted. If the geometry defines an open frame, these bits must be clear. Polygons and paths may be framed or filled; each contour defines a start and end; each on-the-curve point defines a join. Polygons and paths are dashed in the order of the points in the con tours. Polygons may be used to describe a large number of lines or connected line segments; all of the straight lines in a CAD or architectural drawing could be a single polygon structure. Bitmaps A bitmap is a collection of pixels arranged in an array. Image points to a block of memory that contains the bit image. The space for this image may be allocated by the appropriate routine or by the application. If the g raphics routine allocates the memory, it may not be directly accessible by the application. The width and height fields specify the dimensions, in pixels, of the bit image. RowBytes specifies the interval from one scan line to the next. The rowBytes field may be 1, 2, 4 or any multiple of 4 bytes. PixelSize specifies the number of bits per pixel: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 bits per pixel are supported. Bitmaps lead a dual life, as both something to draw with and something to draw to. Bitmaps may be associated with both shapes and devices, and the same bitmap may be shared by both. The ink associated with the bitmap descri bes its colors the color associated with each pixel value through either an indexed color space or a single component algorithmic color space. Bitmaps may describe patterns, but may not be patterned. Bitmaps m ay be drawn through arbitrary transforms and may be clipped by any other geometry, including another bitmap. Bitmaps can be drawn in any transfer mode; there s a collection of modes, called alpha modes, that ar e primarily for bitmaps. Bitmaps may be transformed, either with a geometric operation, which produces a new bitmap, or with a drawing operation, which causes the bitmap to be displayed through a transformatio Pictures Pictures, like all shapes, can be edited and parsed. Pictures are lists of entries, where any entry may be a shape, including another picture. Pictures may be created from an array of shapes or by creating an empty picture and then adding shapes one at a time. Shapes can be appended to, inserted into, or extracted from a picture. Pictures have no public data structure, but their contents can be flatte ned into a publicly defined data stream. Pictures can describe a hierarchy of shapes. A shape can be added to a picture any number of times, but a picture can never contain itself. It is easy to find all of th e shapes in a picture. There is no built-in way to find all of the pictures containing a shape. Shapes are drawn using the concatenation of their transform with the picture s transform, concatenated with the p icture above it, and so on. The clip shapes of the transforms are intersected at each level so that the drawing of each deeper level is contained within the previous clip A style or ink assigned to a picture has no effect. Only the shape s style or ink, or the overriding style or ink, affect drawing the shape. Shapes in a picture can be drawn directly; the shape s style, ink, and transform are used. The picture ]/bjects and the overriding objects are ignored. acintosh computers. QuickDraw GX fully supports worldwide character sets based on international standards. Consistent and Predictable Color Matching s easy to create documents that contain color informatiof most Macintosh computers have color displays and most Macintosh applications are color-capable. The difficulty has been in trying to get the onscreen colors to match the colors produced on a variety of color GX Overview Tech Article Hardware However Iferview printer icon behaves much like a file server or other network device icon. Double-click on a printer icon, and a print queue status window appears. You can decide to reorder the print queue or postpone a printR job simply by dragging document icons to a new location. You can also transfer print jobs to other printers by dragging document icons to another printer icon. These print management functions replace today GX Overview Tech Article Rough Routed Scaling Screen Seenre isfy both of these demands. QuickDraw GX raises the standards of type and document composition, making typographic excellence the standard, not the exception. This is because QuickDraw GX automates much of theZ typographic process. Users who work extensively with type will no longer have to determine the proper kerning and justification for a particular block of type, or remember to select special characters (such as GX Overview Tech Article Mapped Mapping Markets Matchedath many ways. Rotation, perspective, skewing, and scaling are a few of the transforms offered by the system. Colors can also be transformed to allow for transparent overlapping shapes and realistic shading effectsJ . In addition, all of the primitives can have various styles applied to create framed, dashed, patterned, and filled shapes. Simplified printing and print management via a new, customizable print architectur GX Overview Tech Article World Worlds Write ferent reading directions within the same line. In addition, QuickDraw GX and WorldScript, Apple s system technology for international software localization, provide Macintosh developers with a powerful set ofd tools for the creation and release of equivalent software versions worldwide. Specifically, QuickDraw GX provides support for the display and graphical manipulation of international fonts and text systems on M GX Overview Tech Article Happen Hardware However e and user interface. The capability to create portable documents from any application, allowing other users to print and view documents without having the original application or fonts. Consistent coloL r between scanners, displays, and printers via ColorSync color management technology. Powerful type and text capabilities that, in conjunction with updated or new applications, enable the display and printin GX Overview Tech Article X. This will allow users to select the typefaces they want, whether in TrueType or Type 1 format. QuickDraw GX also provides extensive, system-level capabilities for the display and printing of any internationb al text system, such as Arabic or Kanji. It doesn t matter whether the text reads right to left, left to right, vertically, or some combination of the three. QuickDraw GX can even display text that combines dif GX Overview Tech Article Empty Ending Engine Enhance Entire ligatures) when typing. These settings and capabilities are built into QuickDraw GX fonts and are handled automatically within applications that support QuickDraw GX. TrueType GX has an extended set of glyphs\ that support typographic features such as ligatures, swash characters, fractions, old style numerals, and small caps. Extended sets have been available previously on the Macintosh in collections called expert GX Overview Tech Article g of any typeface in any of the world s myriad script systems. Tools for developers that will result in new applications that offer greater sophistication in graphics, type, and printing. Simplified and MorN e Powerful Printing QuickDraw GX makes Macintosh print functions even more powerful and convenient with no software upgrades required. QuickDraw GX allows you to display and control selected printers via pri GX Overview Tech Article hnology, you can create a file, called a portable digital document, that can be opened, viewed, and printed from any other Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed. Even if the other Macintosh doesn t have the sV ame application or typefaces that were used to create the document, the file will retain all of the graphics and typographic information of the original document. No new software is required; portable documents GX Overview Tech Article Pairs Parameters Parts Paths QuickDraw GX incorporates Apple s ColorSync color management technology to allow color devices and applications to input, display, exchange, and output color information consistently and predictably. It will maj tch colors between scanners, displays, printers, and even between Macintosh systems. You can send a color file from one Macintosh with QuickDraw GX installed to another, and the same color matching processes wi GX Overview Tech Article Bitmaps Block Bothlor Colors Common nter icons on the Macintosh desktop. To print a document, you can simply drag the file to the desired printer icon. Because multiple printer icons can appear on the desktop, you can choose to send a document toP any of a number of printers. An improved print dialog box appears in QuickDraw GX-compatible applications to allow you to select among multiple desktop printers without having to access the Chooser. A desktop GX Overview Tech Article sets," but they required multiple fonts and tedious mixing of font selection in order to achieve desired effects. QuickDraw GX provides support for context-sensitive substitution of the glyph used to represent^ a character, or characters, based on its position within a word or line of text. The capabilities listed above require extended fonts, with extra glyphs, kerning information, ligature tables, and so on. New f GX Overview Tech Article ntosh users by providing: Device and resolution-independent graphics. Unlike QuickDraw, QuickDraw GX supports multiple resolutions and a much larger coordinate system for precise and resolution-independent H imaging. Greatly enhanced graphic capabilities. Because QuickDraw GX is an object-based model (shapes are the basic building block for everything) all graphic primitives can be distorted, or transformed in GX Overview Tech Article World Worlds Write desktop publishing revolution. With QuickDraw GX, Apple is setting the stage for the next generation in graphics. QuickDraw GX greatly extends and expands the graphics capabilities of the Macintosh, creating a F new standard for desktop graphics computing and reaffirming the place of Macintosh as the premier publishing platform in the personal computer industry. QuickDraw GX offers greater efficiency and power to Maci GX Overview Tech Article Worlds Write output devices. For example, a businessperson might have to redesign an entire presentation when she sees that the contrast between the text and the background color is not nearly as great on the transparencieh s as it is on the screen. Or a graphic designer might have to rework a design when the colors in a corporate logo come out differently in print than they looked on the screen. To create better color matching, GX Overview Tech Article ables easy driver development. It is composed of three major technologies: new graphics capabilities, expanded and easier-to-use print architecture, and very sophisticated typography. QuickDraw GX is not intendD ed to replace QuickDraw. They will coexist, ensuring compatibility with all existing applications. By supporting high-resolution graphics with its Macintosh systems and LaserWriter printers, Apple started the GX Overview Tech Article onts can also support an expanded notion of Macintosh styles. Similar in capability to Adobe s Multiple Master technology, these new fonts can support many degrees of boldness, condensing, or other features f` rom one typeface. Installation, screen display, and printing of fonts is simplified with QuickDraw GX, which includes support for Apple s TrueType standard as well as a new version of Adobe Type Manager, ATM G GX Overview Tech Article Print Monitor. Further benefits come from new printer extensions that can be used with existing applications. These extensions allow you to customize print output with watermarks and to print multiple pages onT a single sheet. Portable Documents QuickDraw GX supports a new type of document file format, known as a print and view document, that facilitates the exchange of documents in electronic form. With this tec GX Overview Tech Article can be created using any of today s applications. More Sophisticated Typography Macintosh gave many users their first opportunity to work with high-quality type. This helped make their written work more readX able and effective. Many Macintosh users are now demanding even better typography from their applications, and they want it to be even easier to work with type. Applications that work with QuickDraw GX will sat GX Overview Tech Article Abundance Accelerator Accent Accented Accept Accepts Access Accessibility Accessible Accessing Accessories Acclaimed Accommodate Accompanied Accomplish Accomplished Accomplishes According Account Action Actions Active Actively Activities Actual Adapt Adapted Adapts Add-on Added Adding Adding Addison-wesley Addition Additional Additionally Additions Address Addressed Alladin Alliance Allocated Allocates Allocation Allow Allowed Allowing *native Although Altogether Among Amounts Animation Announced Another Answer Anticipates Anything Appeal Appearance Appearances Appears Appetite Apple Apple's Allowing Allows Almost Alone Along Alongside Alpha Already Always Among Amounts Analogy Animation Announced Another Answer Anticipates Anything Appeal Appearance Appearances Appears Appended Appetite Apple Apple's Close Closed Closedframefill Closely Closer Closest Clues Coachmarks Coalition Codes Coexist Coexistence Collabora-tion Collaborate Collaborating Collaboration Collaborative ollections Color Color-capable Colored Colors Colorsync Combination Combinations Combined Combines Combining Concatenate Concatenated Concatenation Concept Concepts Concern Concerned Concerns Conclusion Concurrent Concurrently Condensed Condensing Conditional Conditions Confidence Confidential Configuration Confirm Conflict Confronting Confuses Conjunction Connected Connecting Connections Consecutive Consequently Considerably Considered Entry Entry-level Environment Environments Equation Equipment Equivalent Errant Error-prone Errors Escape Establish Established Ethernet Evenoddfill Event Events Eventual Eventually Include Included Includes Including Incoming Incompatibility Incompatible Incorporate Incorporates Incorporating Incorrectly Increase Increased Increases Increasing Increasingly Independence Independent Index Indexed Indexes Indic-derived Indic-style Indicate Initial Initialize Initialized Initially Initiates Initiatives Innovation Innovations Innovative Innovator Input Inserted Insertion Insertions Inside Insignia Insist Install Installation Installations Installed Installing Instance Instead Mini-application Minimal Mission-critical Mixed Mixed-directional Mixed-mode Mixing Mobile Mobile-centric Mobility Model Modeless Models Modem Modes Modification Modified Modify Modifying Modular Module Modules Money Mongolian Monitor Monitors Mono-lithic Monolithic Monotone Month's Months Opcodes Open-ended Opendoc Opendoc-compliant Opened Openframefill Opening Opens Operate Operated Operating Operation Operationally Plotted Plotter Plotting Plug-and-play Point Point's Point-and-click Point-to-point Pointer Points Poised Polygon Polygons Pools Popularity Portability Portable Ported Portfolio Portion Portions Position Positional Positioned Positioning Positions Positive Produces Producing Product Product's Productive Productivity Products Professional Profiles Profound Profoundly Program Programmatic Programmer Programmer's Programming Programs Progress Projects Promise Promised Promises Promotes Prompts Proper Properly Properties Property Proportional Proportionally Routine Routines Routing Rowbytes Rules Running Runtime Sacrificing Safely Sales Sample Satisfactory Satisfied Satisfy Scroll Scrolling Seamless Second Secondary Sections Secure Security Segment Segments Seldom Select Shared Shareware Sharing Sheer Sheet Sheet-feeding Shift Shifted Shifting Shifts Shipment Shipped Shipping Shopping Short Shortcomings Should Showing Shown Shows &rinking Sidebar Sides Signature Signatures Significant Significantly Similar Stream Streamline Streamlined Streamlines Strengthen Stretch Stretching Strides String Strings Strip Stroke Strong Stronger Structure Structured Structures Study Style Styled Styles Stylewriter Styling Stylized Subelements Subject Submodules Subprocesses Tested Testing Transform Transformation Transformations Transformed Transforms Transistors Transition Transitions Translate Translated Translates Translation Translations Translator Translators Transmission Transparencies Transparency Transparent Transparently Union Unique Universal Universally University Year-end Years Yield You'll You're Yourself Zones About ll help maintain accurate color display and printout on the second machine. Compatibility Apple is committed to protecting customers investment in fonts, applications, and hardware while creating a foundatil on for extensive new features and product development possibilities. Current Macintosh applications and fonts will work alongside QuickDraw GX and be able to take advantage of many of the printing enhancements GX Overview Tech Article it provides. Revised and newly-designed applications will take full advantage of QuickDraw GX color, type, and graphics. QuickDraw GX runs on 68020, 68030, or 68040 Macintosh systems and is also optimized forn the PowerPC chip, allowing applications to access the greater speed and performance of the PowerPC technology. Many of the features of QuickDraw GX, such as improved printing and portable document technology, GX Overview Tech Article are available to users immediately. Other features, such as advanced type and graphics, will require developers to build those features into new QuickDraw GX-compatible applications. Improved Tools for Develop By providing a sophisticated set of system-level graphics routines, QuickDraw GX allows developers to incorporate graphics functionality rotation, stretching, skewing, drawing, and other features into a b GX Overview Tech Article roader range of applications than ever before. QuickDraw GX applications can also be much smaller than comparable applications are today, requiring considerably less RAM and hard disk space. And they will be r easier and faster to develop. Because major print functions,including background printing, dialogs, and PostScript font management,are provided as standard objects under QuickDraw GX, developers can quickly b GX Overview Tech Article uild printer drivers for existing and new output devices, resulting in Macintosh support for an even greater range of output devices. Technical Issues All print drivers need to be updated under QuickDraw GX.t The new print architecture is based entirely on the new GX graphic objects. Although, applications that don t use QuickDraw GX will still print, they do so using a translator. Apple is working to get developer GX Overview Tech Article s to upgrade their drivers. With the new print architecture, it should take developers one-half to one-third of the time it took them to develop the old driver. GX Overview Tech Article GX Overview Tech Article QuickDraw GX Printing Technologies Printing Extensions, Printer Drivers, Portable Digital Documents and Desktop Printing Tech Article Table of Contents About QuickDraw GX Printing Extensions and Printer Dr GX Printing Technologies ivers Printing Extensions Printer Drivers QuickDraw GX Printing and Messages Print Imaging Systems Printing Phases Application Phase Spooling Phase Imaging Phase DeviC ce Communications Phase Extensions, Drivers, and the User Interface Using Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Together Portable Digital Documents Desktop Printing About QuickDraw GX Printing Extensi GX Printing Technologies ons and Printer Drivers Printing Extensions Printing extensions are add-on software components that can be created to extend the printing capabilities of applications. Printing extensions are used for tasks E such as supporting hardware additions, modifying the appearance of printed pages, and allowing the provision of these capabilities without having to write an entire printer driver. When you place a printing ex GX Printing Technologies t is called a message handler. A number of message handlers, including an extension or driver, an application, and QuickDraw GX itself, can respond to printing messages. Each message handler is part of the meQ ssage chain, which links the handlers in a hierarchical sequence. Each handler in the hierarchy receives the message and decides whether to respond to the message and whether to forward the message to the hand GX Printing Technologies Pages Particular Patternedtyles s that arise during the processing of certain printing messages The message-passing architecture used for QuickDraw GX printing is supported by the Message Manager, which is a general-purpose software componen] t of QuickDraw GX that can be used when programming for message passing. Print Imaging Systems Some of the printing messages that QuickDraw GX sends are specific to the imaging system that a printing device GX Printing Technologies tended Introduction Issues Larger QuickDraw GX also provides a number of printing functions that can only be called from within the message overrides that are implemented in the driver or extension. These functions perform a variety of op[ erations, including: Displaying status information and printing alert boxes Interfacing with the paper trays Communicating imaging options between a driver and an application Gracefully handling error GX Printing Technologies plays Distorted Document Documents Doesn't process, and a printing extension or printer driver might need to respond to make available its features or functionality. For example, a printing extension could respond to a particular printing message callM ed GXDespoolPage to add a date/time stamp to each page. Or a printer driver could respond to the GXOpenConnection message to verify that the corresponding printing device is working properly. This response of GX Printing Technologies cation Stage Standard Started Status Styles rride is used to add to the response of, or change the result of, the default implementation before or after forwarding the message. For those printing messages that require forwarding, a partial override can U be used. If the messages are not forwarded, their default implementation is not invoked, which means that a vital operation might be neglected, potentially resulting in serious errors. Depending on the nature GX Printing Technologies ation Kanji Kerning Known Larger GX is based on a message-passing architecture. QuickDraw GX sends printing messages when certain printing-related tasks need to be accomplished or when certain printing-related conditions arise. A printing meK ssage is a notice that a certain part of the printing process is in progress or that a certain printing task needs to be accomplished. QuickDraw GX sends a large number of printing messages during the printing GX Printing Technologies milar Simplified Simply Single Skewingt of a message, a partial override can forward it to the other handlers and then perform the tasks, or it can perform the tasks and then forward it to other handlers. For example, if a printing extension is creW ated that combines eight pages of a document into one page of thumbnail sketches, it needs to override the GXCountPages message, which QuickDraw GX sends to count the pages in the spool file. It would forward GX Printing Technologies tension in the Extensions folder (which is in the System Folder), the extension is available for use. Printer Drivers Printer drivers translate the instructions that compose QuickDraw GX shapes and pictures iG nto printed output on a specific output device. Each printer driver sends data and instructions in a form specific to the device that it drives and manages the physical communications with that device. A sepa GX Printing Technologies rate driver must be developed for each hardware device that has different characteristics. Whenever a desktop printer is created, the Macintosh system software loads and uses the driver for that printer. QuicI kDraw GX printing extensions and printer drivers are largely data-driven and take advantage of the QuickDraw GX message-based printing architecture. QuickDraw GX Printing and Messages Printing with QuickDraw GX Printing Technologies intercepting a specific printing message and taking some action is called a message override, which is performed by an override function that is defined in the extension or driver. Before learning more about O how message overrides work, it is important to have an overview of what happens when QuickDraw GX sends a printing message. Because the printing extension or printer driver may respond to a printing message, i GX Printing Technologies ler below it in the hierarchy. In most cases, when the printing extension or printer driver overrides a printing message, it performs some operations and forwards the message to the next handler in the messageS chain. This is called a partial override. (A total override occurs when the message is not forwarded.) Because QuickDraw GX provides a default implementation for most of the printing messages, a partial ove GX Printing Technologies this message to allow the default implementation to count the pages, and the override would then modify that value. On the other hand, if the extension created adds a background picture to each page as it getsY printed, it needs to override the GXDespoolPage message. It would add the background picture to the page after forwarding the message to the default implementation, which would read the page from the spool fi GX Printing Technologies Alter Altered Alternate Alternative Although Altogether Always Among Amount Amounts An-alyst Analogy Anchor Anderson Angle Anything Appeal Appear Appearance Appearances Appears Appended Appetite Apple Apple's Button Buttons Bytes Cable Calendar Calendars Callback Called Calls Can't Cancel Cannot Capabilities Capability Capable Capacity Capital Capitalize Capitals Captured( Desktop Desktop--check Desktops Despooled Despooling Destination Destinations Detail Detailed Details Detect Determination Determine Determined Determining Devanagari Developing Development Developments Device Device-independent Devices Dialect Dialect-independent Dialects Dialog Dialogs Dialup Extensively Extent Externalize Externalized Extra Extracted Extreme Extremely Facets Facilitate Format Formats Formatted Formatting Formed Forming Forms Forums Forward Forwarded Forwarding Forwards Framed Framework Freed Freeing Front Frustrating Fully Function Functionality Functions Fundamental Fundamentally Further Future Gateways Gathered General Generally Format Found@ Functional@ Generate@ Glyph-specific@ Group@ Held@ Highlight@ Highly@ However Imagewriter@ Implementing@ Inappropriate@ Include@ Indicated@ Initialized@ Instead Instructed@ Integration Integrators Format Interface@ Localization@ Privacy@ Sophisticated@ Tested@ Option Optional Options Oracle Order Ordered Ordering Organization Organizations Organize Organized Organizing Orientation Origin Original Origins Ornamental Otherwise Outline Outlines Output Outside Outward Saved Savedand Saving Savvy Scalability Scalable Scale Scaler Scalers Scaling Scanners Schedule Scheduled Scheduling Scripting Scripts Scroll Scrolling Seamless Search Second Secondary Section Sections Secure Security Segment Segments Seldom Select Similar Simple Simpler Simplest Simplified Simplifies Simplify Simplifying Simply Simultaneous Simultaneously Since Single Single-vendor Singulartuations Sizes Sketches Skewed Skewing Skill Skills Slanted Slanting Slightly Small Smaller Smart Systems Table Tables Tagged Tailor Taken Takes Taking Taligent Taliq Tangent Targeted Tasks Team-oriented Teams Teamwork Technical Technique Technologies Technology Tedious Tends Terminology Terms Types Typically Typing Typographic Typographical Typographically Typography Umbrella Unachievable Unaltered Unattached Uncertain Under Underline Underlying Understand Understandable Understanding Understands Understood Unicode Unified Uniform Uniformity Unifying Uninterrupted Union uses. The following imaging systems are supported by QuickDraw GX: Raster A raster output device such as an ImageWriter printer. Raster bitmap data and escape sequences are sent to accomplish the printing of_ each page. PostScript A PostScript output device such as an Apple LaserWriter printer. PostScript printing instructions are sent to accomplish the printing of each page. Vector A vector output device that GX Printing Technologies uses a plotting language such as HPGL. QuickDraw GX shapes are converted into vectors, and the vector data and pen information are sent to the device to accomplish the printing of each page. Portable Digital a Document Imaging to create a portable digital document, as described in Inside Macintosh: QuickDraw GX Printing.QuickDraw GX defines a few imaging messages for the raster and vector imaging systems and a large GX Printing Technologies number of imaging messages for the PostScript imaging system. For each message, QuickDraw GX provides a default implementation that performs the basic task for which the message is intended. These messages cac n be overridden to customize the behavior for an extension or driver. In the resources provided by the programmer, he/she specifies which imaging system the extension or driver uses and which messages to overr GX Printing Technologies When developing a printing extension, a programmer can choose to make the extension available for any or all of the imaging systems, depending on what tasks the extension needs to perform. When developine g a printer driver, a programmer specifies the appropriate imaging system for that printer. For example, when writing a raster printer driver, a programmer specifies that the driver works with the raster imagi GX Printing Technologies ng system. The raster package controls ( ) resource can then be used to define the escape sequences used for performing line feeds on the printer. The programmer can also override the GXRasterLineFeed meg ssage to implement how a line feed is performed. When writing a PostScript printer driver, a programmer would specify that the driver works with the PostScript imaging system. The PostScript preferences ( GX Printing Technologies ) resource can then be used to specify such things as which level of PostScript and which color space your driver supports. The programmer can also override any of the numerous PostScript printing messages ti o exercise control over the device. When writing a driver that creates portable digital documents for transportation to other types of computing systems, the programmer would specify that the driver works with GX Printing Technologies the appropriate portable digital document imaging system. Printing Phases QuickDraw GX sends specific printing messages during each of the four phases of printing. The different phases of printing can be, bk ut are not necessarily, sequential. In some cases, these phases are interleaved. Application Phase During the application phase of printing, the application calls QuickDraw GX and interacts with you by displ GX Printing Technologies aying dialog boxes to establish printing parameters such as page orientation and paper types. Spooling Phase During the spooling phase of printing, the application spools the document pages to disk in preparam tion for printing. QuickDraw GX sends messages during this phase to notify you when each page is about to be spooled. Imaging Phase During the imaging phase of printing, each previously spooled page is rende GX Printing Technologies red into a form that can be printed on the output device. This phase is composed of two processes: despooling and rendering. Despooling is the process by which each previously spooled page is read from the so pool file. During rendering, each despooled page is converted into image data that can be printed by the output device. Some rendering messages, known as universal imaging messages, are sent for all imaging s GX Printing Technologies ystems. Device Communications Phase During the device communications phase of printing, the data that represents the rendered form of each page is sent to the output device. Communication with the printing dq evice is only possible during this phase. Note: The spooling, imaging, and device communications phases of printing can occur on different devices. For example, an application can spool a document to a print GX Printing Technologies er server on a network, which might then image the document to a disk that is taken to a printing service and printed on a high-resolution printer. The four printing phases need not occur in a sequential orders , with one following the completion of the other. First, when the same computer is performing both formatting and output of a document, the application and spooling phases are interleaved and the imaging and d GX Printing Technologies evice communication phases are interleaved. The application initiates the printing of each page and that output is written to a spool file. When the printer is ready, each page is despooled, rendered, and senu t to the device. Printing extensions and printer drivers can override any of the messages that QuickDraw GX sends during each of these phases, allowing a tremendous degree of flexibility in controlling printing GX Printing Technologies on a specific device. Extensions, Drivers, and the User Interface QuickDraw GX sends messages when you choose commands that display such print dialog boxes as Document Setup, By Page Setup, and Print. The pw rinting extension or printer driver can override the appropriate printing message to add one or more panels to one of these print dialog boxes. These panels become available when you click the More Choices but GX Printing Technologies ton in the dialog box. When you open an added panel, the extension or driver can continue to receive and respond to messages as the you manipulate the panels, including messages that notify you when you close y a panel or confirm or cancel the Print dialog box. Much of the information that you specify in a print dialog box is stored in one of the collections that QuickDraw GX provides: the job collection, the format GX Printing Technologies collection, or the paper-type collection. These collections add to the printing information already available in the corresponding print objects: the job object, the format object, and the paper-type object.{ Collections also provide data extensibility for printing extensions and printer drivers. For example, a programmer can use the Collection Manager to create collections for storing data related to the options GX Printing Technologies you choose in a panel that the extension or driver adds to a dialog box. Using Printing Extensions and Printer Drivers Together While printer drivers are device-independent by definition, printing extensions} can be device-independent, which allows the programmer to develop printing features that can be used with any number of devices. The printing of a document always involves exactly one or two printer drivers: GX Printing Technologies the formatting driver and the output driver. In many cases, formatting and output are handled by the same printer driver. Any number of different printing extensions can be active at the same time. For exam ple, a programmer could create one extension that controls a sheet feeder than can be connected to numerous printers, another extension that draws a background picture on each printed page, and another extensio GX Printing Technologies n that prints a confidential stamp on each page. The confidential stamp extension adds a confidential stamp in the center of the page. This extension overrides the GXSpoolPage message and adds the graphic obj ect that represents the confidential stamp to the shapes that compose the page when the page is sent to the spool file. The background picture extension adds a panel to the Print dialog box to allow you to sel GX Printing Technologies ect a picture file to use. You can choose not to have a background picture or can select a file. This extension overrides the GXDespoolPage message so that it can draw the background picture after the page ha s been despooled and before it has been sent to the printer. The sheet feeder extension works with a sheet-feeding device that can be added to laser printers produced by a number of manufacturers. This extens GX Printing Technologies ion adds a panel to the Print dialog box that allows you to control the sheet feeder and to override several paper-handling messages to interface with the sheet feeder. The laser printer driver overrides a num ber of printing messages, including the GXDespoolPage message, which the background printing extension also overrides. Portable Digital Documents A portable digital document (PDD) is a file that contains data GX Printing Technologies to be printed. Through a portable digital document, you can exchange files with other users without worrying about having common applications or fonts. QuickDraw GX creates a portable digital document when a n application begins the printing process. The process of creating a portable digital document is also referred to as spooling. To create a PDD, the user selects Print from the file menu and then selects GX Printing Technologies DD Maker GX from the pop-up menu. Desktop Printing In QuickDraw GX, a desktop printer takes the form of an icon on the desktop to represent an available printer. When a you select a printer with the Chooser , QuickDraw GX displays the desktop printer icon on the desktop. To print a document through a desktop printer, you may simply click a document and drag it to a desktop printer icon. You can create multiple d GX Printing Technologies esktop printers, one of which represents the default output printer. The last desktop printer that you create automatically becomes the default output printer. To distinguish the default desktop printer from the other desktop printers on the screen, the icon that represents the default desktop printer appears with a bold outline. When you double-click on a desktop printer, QuickDraw GX displays the desktop printer GX Printing Technologies window. A desktop printer window shows all print jobs queued for a particular printer. This includes other user s print jobs when the desktop printer is set up to be shared. You can set up a desktop printer to be shared. For example, you may choose to share a printer, such as the Apple StyleWriter, which is otherwise a nonnetworkable printer. You can create a shareable desktop printer by choosing the Share Prin GX Printing Technologies ter command from the Printer menu. QuickDraw GX adds the Printer menu item to the menu bar (to the right of the Special menu) when you click on a printer icon. You can also set up a desktop printer for sharin g just like you set up a file for sharing by choosing the Sharing command from the File menu. You will be notified of errors through desktop printers. For example, if a printer runs out of paper, its printer GX Printing Technologies driver sends this status to the desktop printer. If the Finder is in the foreground, the desktop printer displays the Out of Paper alert box on your screen. If the Finder is in the background, the Notificatio n Manager displays a blinking Finder icon over the Application menu. When you click on the Finder icon, QuickDraw GX displays the Out of Paper alert box on the screen. GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Technologies GX Printing Technologies QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Article Table of Contents Introduction 1 Characters, Glyphs, and Codes 3 Character Properties 5 String and String Ordering 5 Fonts 6 Font Families 6 GX Typography Tech Article QuickDraw GX has three types of typographical shapes: text shapes, glyph shapes, and layout shapes. All three types of shapes can be used to display text. Text shapes contain text in one style. Text shapU es are the easiest, though least flexible, method for text display. Glyph shapes allow for drawing text in several styles and can be manipulated graphically, such as rotating them. Each glyph within a glyph sh GX Typography Tech Article High-resolution Image information Automatic creation of contextual forms and ligatures Manual and automatic kerning, tracking, and letter spacing Sophisticated justification with support for Arabic kashidas Hit testing O within the text Determination of the caret(s) for some location within the text Support of applications line-breaking decisions with fast measurement routines Automatic reordering and rearrangement of GX Typography Tech Article Raster Receives Require Resource Extended Styles 6 Style Variations 7 Font Files 8 Font Names 8 Open Font Architecture 8 Line Layout Features 9 Glyph Appearance 10 Automatic LiC gatures and Contextual Forms 10 Automatic Fractions 12 Application Control of Automatic Forms 13 Glyph Order 14 Unicode Reordering Model 14 Specifiable Run GX Typography Tech Article With the introduction of QuickDraw GX, Apple delivers feature-rich imaging to the Macintosh. One of the most noticeably enhanced areas of the Macintosh imaging environment is the concept of intelligent fI onts. With TrueType GX fonts, Macintosh users will see fonts with capabilities far beyond those of currently available fonts. These include concepts like contextual forms, ligatures that are employed dynamica GX Typography Tech Article Whether Which Within Without ue semantic or phonetic meaning. A glyph represents the visual, graphical appearance of a character. For example, the glyphs A, A, A are graphical objects which may all be used to represent the character A font is a collection of glyphs that usually has some element of design consistency in appearance (such as serifs or stroke thickness), along with other information such as which glyphs represent ligatures or GX Typography Tech Article Conditions Confirm Contents Continuefined ape can be drawn at a different angle. Layout shapes are the most sophisticated typographical shape and are the basis for the bulk of the advanced QuickDraw GX typographical features described in this documentW Layout shapes use information contained in font tables (within the font itself) to display text with proper spacing, alignment, specialized glyphs for specific positional situations, ligatures, and various GX Typography Tech Article text for languages like Arabic, Hebrew, and Hindi QuickDraw GX deals with text primarily in linguistic terms ( kern by this amount change the orientation of this text in a vertical line ) rather than dQ ealing with text primarily in graphic terms ( place this glyph at the following (x,y) location set this glyph s rotation to 12 degrees The term layout is used extensively throughout this document so GX Typography Tech Article directional flows necessitated by many international scripts. Much of QuickDraw GX layout functionality happens automatically tables in TrueType GX fonts help control the layout process. By this means, applicY ations can get sophisticated linguistic and layout behavior without having to specify parameters to control it and without having to include code to implement it. Font vendors can create tables that implement GX Typography Tech Article lly, fractions, automatic subscripts and superscripts, automatic kerning, full support for international fonts, and the ability to mix Roman and non-Roman fonts on the same line. The intelligence to support alK l these features resides in QuickDraw GX and within the fonts themselves. Applications that support QuickDraw GX and use TrueType GX fonts can rely on the imaging system to implement this new feature-rich typo GX Typography Tech Article a set of features. This scheme is open-ended; font vendors can create new kinds of tables, and QuickDraw GX will automatically take advantage of them. Applications can query fonts to determine the set of featur[ es available. The font will also supply a set of strings identifying the features that can be presented to the user. Although the QuickDraw GX layout routines perform much of their work automatically, there ar GX Typography Tech Article graphical environment without having to be concerned with the details of how the type is displayed. QuickDraw GX treats text as a set of characters that can be displayed and edited and as a graphic object thatM can be colored, rotated, and manipulated like any other graphic object. Some of the specific typographical capabilities of QuickDraw GX are: Creation of layouts from descriptions of text, styles, and other GX Typography Tech Article Automatic Hanging Punctuation 22 Line Centering 23 Alignment to Multiple Baselines 23 Drop Caps 24 Justification Model G Attachments 27 Vertical Text Support 28 Manipulating Layouts 29 Coordinated Functionality 29 Hit Testing 30 Glossary 33 References 36 Introduc GX Typography Tech Article hether Which While Within Without e many ways to control the operation. Features can always be turned off if not wanted. This document describes both the new, system level QuickDraw GX typographical features, as well as much of the basic typog] raphical terminology. Much of the content for this document is derived from the QuickDraw GX Inside Macintosh volumes. Characters, Glyphs, and Codes A character is an abstract object having a single and uniq GX Typography Tech Article Succession for the Line 14 Automatic Linguistic Rearrangement 15 Glyph Position 15 Positioning Control 16 With-Stream and Cross-Stream Shifting 16 E Automatic kerning 17 Automatic Cross-Stream Kerning (Urdu-Like) 18 Tracking 19 Optical Alignment of Text Edges 19 GX Typography Tech Article it is important to understand that layouts (a grouping of text or the visual ordering of symbols that convey information) are just shapes to QuickDraw GX. As is the case with all other shapes in the graphics sS ystem, a layout can be drawn, transformed, dashed, clipped to, and so on. For example, an entire text layout can be rotated by 45 degrees and skewed, yet this transformed layout can still be edited on the fly. GX Typography Tech Article Contains Contender Contenders Content Contents Context Context-sensitive Contexts Contextual Continue Continued Continues Continuing Continuous Continuously Contour Contours Contracted Contrary Contrast Contrasting Contributions Control Controlled Controlling Controls !Corporate Corporation Correct Controls Convenience Convenient Conveniently Convention Conversion Convert Converted Converter Converting Converts Convey Cooperation Cooperative Coordinate Coordinated Coordinates Copied Copies Copy-and-paste Copying Corner Corners Corporate Corporation Corporation's Correct Displays Dispose Disposes Disruption Disruptions Distance Distances Distinct Distinguish Distorted Distributed Distribution Dithered Dithering Diverge Diverse Divided Divisibility Divisible Do-everything Docu-ments Document Document-centric Documentation Documents Found Foundation Foundations Four-character Fraction Fractions Frame Framed Framework Frameworks Freed Freeing Freely Frequently Friends Front Fruition Frustrating Full-featured Fully Function Gathered General General-purpose Generally Having He/she Heart Hebrew Height Imagewriter Imaging Immediate Immediately Impact Implement Implementation Implementations Implemented International Internet Interoperability Interoperable Interoperate Interoperating Interoperation Interpolate Interpolation Interpreted Interprets Interrelationship Interrupt Interrupted Intersect Intersected Interval Intervention Introducing Introduction Intuitive Inversefill Invert Investing Investment Invoked Involve Involved Larger Largest Laser Laserwriter Later Latest Latitude Latter Launch Launcher Launcher/software Launches Layer Layers Layout Layouts Leader Leader-ship Leaders Leadership Leading Leads Leaps Learn Learning Listed Lists Little Loaded Loads Local Least Leave Leaving Left-to-right Legible Leisure Length Lengthy Letter Letters Level Levels Leverage Leveraged Leveraging Library License Licensed Licensing Ligature Ligatures Lightweight Limitations Limited Neglected Neighborhood Network Overridden Override Overrides Overriding Overview Owned Ready Reaffirming Realistic Realized Realm Rearranged Rearrangement Rearrangements Reason Reasonable Recalculating Recalculations Receive Receiver Receives Receiving Recent Recently Recipient Recognition Recognize Recognized Recognizes Recognizing Recommendations contextual forms. Glyphs do not have a one-to-one relationship to characters: a given character may be represented by one or more glyphs ( could be represented by a vertical stem plus a dot ), and ta wo or more characters can display as a single glyph ( and could be represented by ). Context also affects the glyph used to represent a character. For example, in a cursive font a character may have f GX Typography Tech Article our glyphs: a separate glyph for the character at the beginning, middle, and end of a word, and a glyph for the character in isolation. This is particularly true in context-sensitive written languages such as Ac rabic. A complex font contains information associating some glyph indices with certain combinations of characters and rules. For example, information in a font may associate the glyph ID (or code) $1A01 (which GX Typography Tech Article happens to have the appearance ) with the combination of the two characters $0066 ( lowercase f ) followed by $0069 ( lowercase i ). Any font lacking such associative information is called a simple font. Ale l TrueType fonts released with System 7.0 and System 7.0.1 are simple fonts. The glyphs in a complex font can be divided into two classes: rendering forms, for which combination rules appear, and character gl GX Typography Tech Article yphs, which have a one-to-one correspondence with character codes. Rendering forms include ligatures, applied marks, and contextual forms. In general, only character glyphs will contain entries in the font s chg aracter-to-glyph mapping table (since QuickDraw GX uses other tables in the font to generate rendering forms). Although the QuickDraw GX layout routines can be used to perform linguistically correct layout in GX Typography Tech Article any language, it is important to keep in mind that it has no language-specific knowledge. All of its functionality is triggered by character-specific information available from the Script Manager, glyph-specifii c information contained in the fonts selected for the text, or override information directly specified by your application. This leads to a great amount of flexibility. To easily differentiate their functional GX Typography Tech Article ity, WorldScript provides a means of entering and viewing the various written languages, and the QuickDraw GX layout routines operate on the text entered using WorldScript to alter its appearance on the screen.k One area where the functionality of the two cross is with contextual scripts like Arabic. Although handling context-sensitive text falls within the functionality of the QuickDraw GX layout routines, it is als GX Typography Tech Article o handled by WorldScript. The need to change the appearance of a character depending on its position in a line of text is a fundamental part of the written language and is implemented as a part of the script. m QuickDraw GX provides control over the text layout beyond the basic functionality provided by the script. Character Properties A character code has an associated set of character properties. Some of these hav GX Typography Tech Article e to do with simple character identity: the blank is a white space character, while an is not. Others have to do with character direction when rendered: Hebrew letters are intrinsically right to left, whileo Roman letters are intrinsically left to right. QuickDraw GX uses character properties (obtained from the Script Manager) to assist it in carrying out its functions. String and String Ordering A string is an GX Typography Tech Article ordered array of character codes (not bytes). The order implicit in this array may be different from the order in which the corresponding glyphs would be displayed (called the visual order). A string is an exaq mple of backing store, which is an ordered repository of character codes. The backing store order designates the order in which character codes are stored in a document, that is, before any rendering actions ha GX Typography Tech Article ve been performed. (Sometimes the term phonetic order is used as a synonym for backing store order.) Remember that this ordering within a string is raw, simple character codes in phonetic order. In particular,s Arabic strings are not presented to QuickDraw GX in reversed order already. And a string of mixed Hebrew and English characters are present in the same order in which they would be spoken. Fonts In order to GX Typography Tech Article utilize the new functionality in the QuickDraw GX, fonts must carry font information in the form of font tables describing the attributes for such things as baselines, glyphs, morphs, kashidas, and more. TrueTyu pe GX fonts have these font tables. In addition, a new style variation feature has been added to some fonts. Font Families The term font family refers to a group of fonts that share many characteristics. He GX Typography Tech Article lvetica , Helvetica Bold, and Helvetica Narrow are examples of fonts in a font family. Previously, a FOND resource was used to indicate font families. QuickDraw GX uses the font name to detect font families iw nstead of the FOND resource. Extended Styles QuickDraw supported the model of a font family with a set of predefined styles. These were plain, bold, italic, condensed, extended, underline, outline, and shadow GX Typography Tech Article . When a font was wanted in a certain style, it was left up to the Font Manager to first search for a font in the system that matched the desired style, and if one was not found, to algorithmically create the sy tyle from plain. The new font system supports the model of a font family with an arbitrary number of named styles. Each style represents a designed typeface, such as Regular, Bold, Demibold, and Extra C GX Typography Tech Article ondensed. The new graphics system supports variable amounts of algorithmic styling to be applied to the specific typeface supplied by the application. Style Variations A new style option is the concept of s{ tyle variations. Similar in capability to Adobe s Multiple Master technology, these new fonts can support many degrees of boldness, condensing, or other features from one typeface. The font has multiple styles GX Typography Tech Article of a typeface built in to itself. The system then can interpolate between the styles to create type with a specific look. A font variation is an algorithmic method for producing a specific style along a variat} ion axis, or range of font styles. That specific instance of a font style would be called a font instance. Since such latitude exists with a single font, an entire page can be laid out using only one font. Ho GX Typography Tech Article wever, by varying the style, it will not look monotone. In addition, style variation can be used by an application to substitute for a font that is not available in the system and still maintain the same spacin g. This avoids reflowing of the document. Font Files QuickDraw supported only fonts that were stored as resources. The new font system allows a font to be stored in a file s resource or data fork, or simply h GX Typography Tech Article andled in memory. In addition, fonts that are stored in files never need to be read into memory all at once, allowing applications to use and edit fonts that need to be disk resident because of their size (for example, Asian fonts, which are about 6 megabytes per font). Font Names QuickDraw relied upon the resource name to identify the font families. This made it impossible to have multilingual family names and pro GX Typography Tech Article vided no support for arbitrarily named styles. The new font system supports fonts with multilingual names for their family and style, as well as names describing the typeface itself (Helvetica Bold), a unique n ame (Apple Computer Helvetica Bold 10), and others. Open Font Architecture QuickDraw GX will fully support Type 1 fonts. The interface between the new graphics system and the TrueType scaler has been redesign GX Typography Tech Article ed to accommodate multiple, separately loadable scalers. Initially, only TrueType and Type 1 (from Adobe) scalers will support this interface, but over time it may be used by other scaler types. The new scaler interface, Font Scaler API, is defined. The TrueType scaler will be modified to adhere to the new interface. Adobe implements a compatible version of their Type 1 scaler, which will be shipped with QuickDraw G GX Typography Tech Article X as a component. The new graphics system will be modified to accommodate the interface, such that the particular scaler will be invoked based upon the font currently selected by the application. Adobe will en code Type 1 fonts as sfnts (as TrueType fonts have been), but will include new outline and hinting table(s) for the Type 1 data. In this way, the Font Manager will not need to change to accommodate Type 1 fon GX Typography Tech Article ts, yet Type 1 fonts will be fully functional under QuickDraw GX. Line Layout Features Quick Draw GX has facilities for controlling: The appearance of individual glyphs The order of glyphs on the line The spatial location of glyphs on the line The first two facilities are nonpositional. They deal with transformations of the appearance and order of glyphs on the line, but not with their positioning. The GX Typography Tech Article third is positional; it deals with the position of a glyph in relation to the base line and to adjacent glyphs. These facilities are controlled by tables in the font, with the user s application being able to choose which to perform. In the absence of application overrides, each font will have a set of default tables that will always be used. Glyph Appearance QuickDraw GX s ability to automatically substitute one GX Typography Tech Article glyph for one or more other glyphs is called automatic form substitution. The following sections detail several kinds of automatic form substitution, as well as the method by which an application can control th e form substitution process. Automatic Ligatures and Contextual Forms A ligature is a rendering form that represents a combination of two or more individual characters. Examples include the ligature in En GX Typography Tech Article glish, and the lam-alif ligature in Arabic. An accented form is a special type of ligature, a rendering form that combines a letter with an accent mark. For example, the glyphs and are accented forms. Multiple accent marks themselves may be present in a font as accent ligatures. A contextual form is an alternate appearance of a glyph that is used in certain contexts. Arabic, for example, has different cont GX Typography Tech Article extual forms of characters depending on whether they are at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. Figure 3 shows the forms of the Arabic letter that appear alone, at the start, middle, or end of a word. The same character code is used for each case; it is QuickDraw GX s responsibility to choose the correct glyph. The choice between using contextual forms and using ligatures is up to the font manufacturer. GX Typography Tech Article Automatic Fractions A swash is a variation, often ornamental, of an existing glyph. By using the contextual form and swash capabilities of QuickDraw GX, an application can get automatic construction of fracti ons. Since there is a fraction character code defined in the Macintosh set (code $DA), a font manufacturer can set up a font table that, for example, recognizes strings of the type digits, fraction, digits. GX Typography Tech Article everal choices can then be made, depending on the glyph repertoire; for example, a one-half glyph may be predrawn and in the font. If there is not a predrawn form, then smaller superscript and subscript swa sh digit glyphs can be substituted, or a cross-stream kerning table can be set up to automatically shift digits relative to the baseline. (That is, either a fraction can be predrawn or created from putting toge GX Typography Tech Article ther the subelements of the fraction from the existing characters in the font.) Vertical substitution is a kind of swash variation in which a given glyph code will be replaced by an alternate form in a vertica l line. (Note: this is not the same as rotating the glyph.) For vertical substitution to work, the vertically rotated forms must exist in the font, and be indicated as such in the font s tables; otherwise, no c GX Typography Tech Article haracters are substituted. Default behavior is to perform normally any such substitutions permitted by the font. Another example of a swash variant is the small caps style. Contrary to popular belief, the sma ll caps style is not simply the use of capital letters in a slightly smaller size. QuickDraw GX allows specification of small caps as a special form of swash variant; thus, if the TrueType font contains true sm GX Typography Tech Article all caps glyphs, QuickDraw GX can use them. Application Control of Automatic Forms Much of what QuickDraw GX does happens automatically, without the need for application intervention. This can happen because each TrueType GX font contains information that designates which special effects are to occur by default, in the absence of any overrides from the application. However, in order to give applications as much con GX Typography Tech Article trol over this process as possible, there is also full support for application overrides on a feature-by-feature basis. The standard set of font effects is defined in order to make the application user s expe rience as consistent as possible. For example, if the user has chosen a line of text and set it to small caps, then the font is changed for that line, the small caps style is still desired. By defining a standa GX Typography Tech Article rd set of feature types (for example, ) and selectors (for example, small caps ), QuickDraw GX makes this user-perceived consistency easier to implement. However, it is important to remember that this se t of features is not somehow hard-wired. It is just an initially defined (and somewhat arbitrary) set that can be extended by font manufacturers who wish to add new kinds of tables. Glyph Order QuickDraw G GX Typography Tech Article X provides a full set of features to support rendering text in any direction: horizontal or vertical, left to right, or right to left. A fundamental assumption is that text is input in phonetic order, and never in visual order. It is the job of QuickDraw GX, and not the application, to perform linguistic reordering and rearrangement. Applications that are familiar with linguistic features for a particular script ca GX Typography Tech Article n certainly exercise control over those features themselves, if so desired, but they should not subsequently present reordered lines to the QuickDraw GX layout routines. Unicode Reordering Model Languages suc h as Hebrew and Arabic that are rendered right to left can be freely intermixed with languages rendered left to right, and QuickDraw GX will always do the right thing. A user s application can specify a reorder GX Typography Tech Article ing level number for each run of text; this number controls how the line is reordered. For more details on the overall reordering algorithm, see The Unicode Standard, Worldwide Character Encoding, Version 1.0, Volume 1, published by Addison-Wesley. Specifiable Run Succession for the Line A single line of text with streaks running in opposite directions can be formatted in two different ways depending upon the domin GX Typography Tech Article ant run succession. The application can control the dominant run, but the default is left to right. Automatic Linguistic Rearrangement In some languages (such as the Indic-derived ones), certain rearrangemen ts of visual glyph order may occur even though the script is always considered simply left-to-right. For example, in Devanagari script, a short , , is actually printed before the consonant that it logically GX Typography Tech Article follows: thus the word Hindi, when printed in Devanagari, comes out something like ihndi : . (Vowel markers in many Southeast Asian languages can occur on all four sides of the consonant modified.) In the p revious case, remember QuickDraw GX assumes that the characters in the string appear in natural (that is, phonetic, semantic) order. Taking the example above, the backing store would contain character codes i GX Typography Tech Article n the order hindi, not in the order ihndi. QuickDraw GX, not the string creator, is responsible for all reordering. This point cannot be too highly emphasized. As far as QuickDraw GX savvy applications are concerned, they always present text in typing order and leave the visual order up to QuickDraw GX. Glyph Position Unlike nonpositional features, which are concerned with glyph identities and transformations, GX Typography Tech Article the positional features of QuickDraw GX are concerned with changes to the positions of glyphs in the line. These changes include the positional changes made during the justification process, automatic changes such as kerning or tracking, and manual changes such as superscripting and subscripting. They can occur either automatically via tables in fonts, or can be manually specified within an application. Positioning GX Typography Tech Article Control Positioning control refers to both manual and automatic overrides to the natural glyph positioning that is purely based on each glyph s advance width. Manual control refers to those positional overr ides specified by an application. Automatic control refers to those positioning overrides that come automatically from the font (provided they are not disabled by the application). With-Stream and Cross-Stream GX Typography Tech Article Shifting With-stream and cross-stream shifts are the two types of manual positional shifts. Cross-stream shifts will raise or lower the entire style run (and the corresponding horizontal movement for vertical text), and can be used for superscript and subscript effects. With-stream shifts will tighten or loosen the spacing between each glyph in the run, and can be used for manual kerning or letter spacing. For cr GX Typography Tech Article oss-stream alignment, each glyph in the style run is shifted up (or down) by the given offset. For with-stream alignment, each glyph in the style run is shifted by the given offset closer to (or further from) t he previous glyph. Automatic kerning Automatic kerning as applied by QuickDraw GX is the fine adjustment to the normal spacing that occurs between two or more glyphs, usually to improve the apparent letter s GX Typography Tech Article pacing between characters that fit together naturally. Kerning does not refer to glyphs that overhang their bounds, glyphs that extend beyond their leading, or trailing edges defined by the character origin a nd advance width. QuickDraw GX layout routines use information in the font tables to determine how much to increase or decrease the space between two glyphs. In general, this amount can depend on more than jus GX Typography Tech Article t the two adjacent glyphs; it may also depend on preceding or following glyphs. When kerning, the offset is effectively split between the two characters. Automatic Cross-Stream Kerning (Urdu-Like) Cross-str eam kerning allows the automatic movement of characters perpendicular to the line orientation of the text. For horizontal text, this means vertically. For example, a hyphen between two capital letters should be GX Typography Tech Article raised to reflect the centers of those characters. Cross-stream kerning is required for scripts like Taliq (used in Urdu). It can also be used to assist in the creation of automatic fractions. Tracking h widths can be expanded or contracted by applying a tracking value to a glyph. This value, called the track number, specifies whether intercharacter spacing is to be tightened or loosened. The actual positiona GX Typography Tech Article l shifts are the result of two-dimensional interpolation based on the track number, text size in points, and threshold values present in the font s tracking table. These threshold values are used to permit nonl inear tracking amounts. For example, a different set of values can be used for text from 8 to 12 point, then 12 to 15, 15 to 36, and over 36 point, if the manufacturer so desires. Optical Alignment of Text Edg GX Typography Tech Article Without additional information, glyphs may seem to line up incorrectly at the margins. This is accounted for by two factors. First, glyph advance widths contain a certain amount of extra white space to acco unt for the normal interglyph spacing. This produces certain anomalies, since this space varies with the font size. For example, if different sizes of the same font are left (or right) flush, they may not line GX Typography Tech Article up correctly. The second factor is that due to certain optical effects, curved lines do not appear to line up properly with straight lines. To make them appear to line up, some compensation must occur. For th is reason, curved letters such as are generally designed to extend slightly below the baseline, so that they appear to line up with straight letters such as . This same effect happens on the extr GX Typography Tech Article eme edges of lines. To compensate for these effects, QuickDraw GX can apply optical alignment information contained in the font. When determining the leading and trailing edges of a line of text, whether at t ab stops or line starts, QuickDraw GX will use the optical leading and trailing edges. These values are obtained from the font as a pair of offsets from the edges of the glyph as previously defined above. GX Typography Tech Article omatic Hanging Punctuation One of the basic properties that QuickDraw GX understands about a character is whether it is permitted for the character to off one or both ends of a line. This property is tr ue for lightweight punctuation, such as quotation marks or periods. QuickDraw GX uses this knowledge to automatically hang punctuation where appropriate; an application has the ability to control the degree GX Typography Tech Article to which this happens (or whether it happens at all). Line Centering QuickDraw GX permits the centering of a layout within a particular width. However, centering is treated as a continuous function, rather t han being limited to a few special states (that is, left, center, right ). Centering factors can be specified as any value from 0.0 (meaning ) through 1.0 (meaning right). Therefore, in this syst GX Typography Tech Article center has a value of 0.5. Alignment to Multiple Baselines The baseline of a character is a line that defines the position of the character with respect to other characters. The importance of the baseli ne is illustrated when different sizes of characters are used; in this case the baseline represents a stable place out from which characters grow proportionally. The ascent portion of a character grows upwards GX Typography Tech Article from the baseline, while the descent portion of the character grows downward. However, there can be dramatic differences in the general proportions of characters with reference to the baseline. QuickDraw GX p ermits the application to identify the dominant baseline for the whole line, as well as individual baselines for component runs. This permits an application to exercise subtle control over the appearance of run GX Typography Tech Article s of text relative to each other. Drop Caps All languages might wish to take advantage of the relative baseline adjustment capabilities of QuickDraw GX. The creation of so-called drop capitals in Roman fonts could be done by specifying a hanging baseline for the run of text. Justification Model Justification is the process of typographically stretching shrinking a line of text to fit within a given width. GX Typography Tech Article The justification model implemented by QuickDraw GX is very powerful and completely multilingual. It supports the assignment of portions of line gap to different classes of glyphs, at different priority levels , and includes facilities for handling complex kashida-like justification such as that used in Arabic or script Roman. Unlike other models of justification, which are based on a proportional assignment of extr GX Typography Tech Article a white space in a fixed ratio of interword to intercharacter (for example, 9:1 as in the Apple LaserWriter), the QuickDraw GX model permits assignment of white space at a given priority level to occur until ei ther all the gap is filled or a maximum specified amount is reached. This means that intercharacter spacing need not occur as often as it does in proportional models (or even at all, if desired). If the gap can GX Typography Tech Article be satisfied by interword spacing, it will be, and without the need for intercharacter spacing. Proportional assignment will be used if an application actually requests it. The following describes some of the facets of the justification model: Multiple simultaneous justification priorities Each TrueType font supplies a set of default mappings from glyph index to priority class. The gap is generally filled in st GX Typography Tech Article arting at the highest priority class and working down to the lowest (or until there is no gap left to fill). Separate shrink and grow parameters There are two different actions that can occur with justifica tion: adding white space because a line is too short or removing it because a line is too long. QuickDraw GX supports different priorities and different limits depending on whether the line needs to grow or shr GX Typography Tech Article Separate character leading and trailing parameters Rather than always assuming a 50-50 split in distribution of the gap within a given glyph, separate specification of values for the leading and trailin g edges of a glyph is allowed. However, no adjustment at the extreme edges of a line is performed. Unlimited gap priority Any run can have unlimited gap assigned to it at the application s discretion. As soo GX Typography Tech Article n as QuickDraw GX sees that run, it assigns all remaining gap to it, still subject to the priority loop process previously described. Thus, an application can perform normal processing at one level, and then ha ve an unlimited run at the next lower level to take up all the remaining gap. Continuous justification factor Justification is not limited to just full. QuickDraw GX supports continuous justifica GX Typography Tech Article tion, with factors specifiable from 0.0 through 1.0. This feature can be used to give a nicely filled ragged-right appearance to paragraphs. For instance, by specifying a justification factor of 0.8, an applica tion would guarantee that 80% of the gap will be filled on a line, and still get a ragged right edge. Insertion justification and kashidas One of the most complex forms of justification is used in Arabic, in GX Typography Tech Article which characters are actually extended by use of an extension bar (or kashida) rather than by the use of white space. This kind of justification is fully supported via information contained in the fonts. ications are permitted to override the justification that would normally occur in two main ways: by overriding the behavior of a whole run of text and by specifying different behavior for a specific glyph. Thes GX Typography Tech Article e override facilities allow an application to have very fine control over the whole justification process. Attachments Many languages use floating accent marks or vowel marks that attach themselves to some ot her glyph. QuickDraw GX supports several different ways of handling these attachments. One way is for a ligature table to be set up that recognizes them and emits the appropriate glyphs. For example, assuming t GX Typography Tech Article hat the glyph is present in a font, a ligature table could be set up to match the sequence of characters followed by and replace it with the glyph. This is no different than substituting an ligature for the sequence followed by This is a feature of the font; the table reflects the repertoire of accented glyphs actually present in the font. Another way for attachments to appear in the lin GX Typography Tech Article e is for them to be dynamically composited. Thus, an attachment table in the font can identify control points in various glyphs; these control points allow more precise alignment of the glyphs with respect to o ne another. For the purpose of this discussion, an attachment is a glyph that is dynamically composited with some other glyph. The recipient glyph is called the baseform. The act of applying attachments is do GX Typography Tech Article ne with anchor points which are control points within the baseform s outline data that identify positions for attachment. The process of dynamic attachment could be done without anchor points, but the results a re not as satisfactory. There may be times when an application does not use attachments. For example, in Hebrew and Arabic text, vowel marks are usually omitted in text, but it may be desirable to include the GX Typography Tech Article m in instructional material. Attachments may be hidden, so that even though they appear in the source text string, they will not appear in the resulting layout. Vertical Text Support QuickDraw GX is capable of handling vertical text (for example, languages such as Chinese, Japanese, or Mongolian), including vertical text that has horizontal insertions. Rather than having to synthesize vertical metrics from possib GX Typography Tech Article ly unrelated horizontal metrics and line height information, TrueType GX fonts and QuickDraw GX support true vertical text via true vertical metrics present in the font. These metrics may be present in fonts th at also contain horizontal metrics; this permits correct layout in either orientation. Manipulating Layouts This section describes routines that make use of a layout that has been built in order to implement GX Typography Tech Article text editing behaviors. These routines perform actions like hit-testing, highlighting, and carets. Coordinated Functionality QuickDraw GX coordinates the functionality of text-editing routines such that speci al text effects affecting one routine affect all routines in a uniform way. Some examples of this are as follows: Full support of reordering, forms, and rearrangement Editing a line of mixed-directional tex GX Typography Tech Article t is complicated. QuickDraw GX allows applications to know little about the details of such editing. All the hit-testing, highlighting, and caret routines are sensitive to mixed-directional text (for example, A rabic or Hebrew) on the line, as well as to Indic-style rearrangement on the line. Synchronized highlighting, caret, and hit-testing angles Text that has an intrinsic angle to it, such as ITC Zapf Chancery GX Typography Tech Article or Times Italic, is easier to edit when the interactive editor makes use of that angle, for example, by slanting the caret or providing highlighting areas with slanted sides. QuickDraw GX supports this capabil ity by using data present in TrueType GX fonts that identifies the intrinsic font angle. Ability to split ligatures for interaction In a particular layout, suppose that ligatures have been enabled, and that GX Typography Tech Article ligature is one of the glyphs that gets generated (from a separate and in the text source). Further, suppose this layout is being used in a word processor and that a flashing caret is positioned just to the left of this ligature. There are two main approaches to the visual effect when you press the right-arrow key: the indivisible approach, which treats the ligature as an indivisible whole for purpos GX Typography Tech Article es of caret location (though not for purposes of deletion), and the divisible approach, which allows the caret to appear inside the ligature. In both cases, editing still occurs one character at a time, not one glyph at a time. Thus, if the caret were positioned to the right of the ligature, a single backspace would not delete the whole ligature but rather would delete only the , leaving an character. Hit Tes GX Typography Tech Article Hit-testing is the name given to the process of converting a location within the line into a character offset in the original string that corresponds to that location. It is a complicated process, given t he possibility of reordered and rearranged lines containing ligatures and other combinations of glyphs. The following information is available from the QuickDraw GX implementation of hit testing. First a GX Typography Tech Article nd last partial distances Once the glyph corresponding to the hit point has been found, QuickDraw GX computes two distances, representing the parts of the glyph on either side of the hit point. In Figure 25, th e first partial distance corresponds to B A, and the last partial distance corresponds to C A. The terms first and are always relative to the layout origin, irrespective of character or run directional GX Typography Tech Article Hit-side and non-hit-side offset These are the character offsets in the original string that correspond to the hit glyph that was found. The hit-side offset will be the offset corresponding to the side closest to the hit (5 in Figure 25), and the non-hit-side offset will be the other offset of that glyph (4 in Figure 25). This process is sensitive to the 16-bit nature of the original character codes and to li GX Typography Tech Article gatures; in the latter case, the offset returned will also be affected by the state of ligature divisibility. Thus, if the hit occurred within the ligature in the example, whether the two offsets returned a re (2,3), (2,4), or (3,4) will depend on whether the given run permits ligature splitting. Flag specifying if hit occurred on leading edge The leading edge of a glyph is the left edge for left-to-right glyph GX Typography Tech Article s, the right edge for right-to-left glyphs, and the top edge for vertical (and nonoverridden) glyphs. In the example, this flag would be set to false. Flag specifying if hit occurred in loose area In order t o determine if the hit occurred within the bounds of the line, the application can look at this returned flag. In the example, this flag would be true. Tracking area for given hit The tracking area that corr GX Typography Tech Article esponds to the given hit point is the area in which the hit point can move and still return exactly the same set of results from the hit-testing call. GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Tech Article GX Typography Tech Article Macintosh Operating System Strategy A Standard for Open Innovation Contents IntroductionFitting In While Standing Out Fitting In: A Plan for Open Innovation Standing Out: Advanced Technology, Usable Now Gets Smarter While the underlying operating system may evolve, the user environment will be consistent: the OpenDoc metaphor. OpenDoc will be built into the operating system and will be the standard user enviro nment in which software components will run. With OpenDoc, users will take advantage of new system features such as three-dimensional graphics with their existing applications. This type of immediately usable i Given Glossary Glyph Glyph's Glyph-specific Glyphsm s. Active assistance will be built into the operating system and set a new standard for the kind of interface that users will expect. Unicode support will offer even greater ease of system localization, and, with WorldScript and QuickDraw GX, it will further demonstrate Apple s current leader-ship in supporting multiple languages for users around the globe. Putting It All Together: Collaboration from PDAs to Serv Kerning Kinds Knowledge Lacking LanguageStyles Thing Things Third Those Though Three Threshold Through riented in architecture, will provide rich multimedia capabilities across multiple platforms. Upon introduction, ScriptX players will be bundled onto all Macintosh systems, and ScriptX objects will also operate as OpenDoc parts. Getting There From Here Because of the many transitions taking place in the industry, 1994 will be a decision year for many customers. What will happen to the investments they ve already ma One-to-one Open-ended Operate Operation Opposite t histories allow users to work on shared documents without losing content from version to version. A Future Foundation. OpenDoc capabilities will first become available in 1994 and will run with the existing Finder. Starting in 1995, OpenDoc will act as the foundation for future Macintosh operating system releases and become the vehicle by which many of Apple s newest system-level features will be made available t Easier Easiest Easily Edges Edited Editing Editor Effect aches the end of its li fe cycle, a new architecture reduced instruction-set computing (RISC) will provide the significant increases for the next decade. Chip makers have found increasingly ingenious ways to draw more and more perfo Correspondence Corresponding Could Create Created Creationd make the PowerPC RISC processor an industry success and a superior mainstream alternative to the 80x86 processor platform Made the Macintosh interoperable with other computers on networks, in enterprise syst ems, and in peer-to-peer environments Partnered with WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, and others through CI Labs to make the OpenDoc component software architecture open to the industry Leveraged the performance Serifs Several Shape Shapes Shifting Simple Since Single the Macintosh what it is and continue to be the vehicle through which Apple delivers increasingly realistic imaging, support for multiple languages, professional publishing capabilities, and price/performance break-throughs in multimedia and desktop video. With technologies such as 32-bit QuickDraw, WorldScript, and use of Adobe s PostScript in the LaserWriter printer, Apple has provided superior graphics capabilit parent Appear Appearance Apple Application Applications Applieds sophisticated, legible typography specifically, support for international type and text in any combination of script systems, or any reading direction (left, right, up, or down) on any page of a document mplified yet more powerful printing via desktop printer icons and improved print management Improved system-level graphics routines that enable developers to create applications that can rotate, stretch, Between Beyond Blank Boldness Bounds Builts Classes roduct line as appropriate for particular customers. For instance, Taligent s hardware-independent approach makes it ideal for enterprise customers who require open systems. Apple plans to offer Taligent system services and applica-tion support as an option for its UNIX on PowerPC products and for desktop and portable computers that tie directly into enterprise environments. Kaleida s ScriptX, which is also object-o of the Power Macintosh and object architecture of OpenDoc to make computers less of a passive tool and more of an intelligent assistant Ensured seamless interoperability and collaboration among Newton, Maci ntosh, Windows, MS-DOS, and UNIX platforms As these plans come to fruition, Apple expects to best serve its customers and to lead an industry transformation: From CISC to RISC with PowerPC technology Fro Remember Rendered Rendering Reordering Repertoire Replaced will provide an uninterrupted migration to advanced technology for users from all major platforms. At the same time, Apple and CI Labs will establish OpenDoc as a new component software architecture for all ma jor personal computing and workstation platforms. From the start, it will provide interoperation across platforms and bring the benefits of component software to the broadest audience possible. Users will be ab Shift Shifted Shifting Shifts Shipped Short Should Shows Shrinke and skew objects (including text) and incorporate graphics functionality into a broader range of applications Support for the 680x0 family of CPUs, with optimized performance for the PowerPC processor Emergence of a Component Software Standard: OpenDoc Third-party developers have already begun work on component applications that support the OpenDoc architecture on Macintosh systems. By midyear 1994, 15,000 d While some products such as the Newton personal digital assistant may feature a variation of the interface fine-tuned for its users, they will all be seamlessly connected to other Apple computers, across pl atforms, and into larger communications networks and services. The operating system will offer increasingly distributed solutions across mixed platforms with Open Transport, and PowerTalk will provide significa rning Kinds Knowledge Lacking Lam-alif Language mized solutions. With OSA support, OpenDoc will have built-in scripting, allowing an even higher level of user customization. OpenDoc also supports networking, which enables the integration of custom workflow s olutions and provides richer collaboration services such as automatic document histories, which store multiple versions of the document in one file and allow the user to view past changes. The automatic documen m monolithic applications to component software with OpenDoc From a passive graphical interface to active assistance with Apple Guide From information overload to productive collaboration Apple, Motorola , and IBM have put the PowerPC platform in a singular position to establish the next industry standard for personal computing. Concurrently, Apple will establish System 7 as the number-one operating system deve endered Rendering Reordered Reordering Repertoire Replaced ow-end Macintosh systems and notebook computers, as well as to high-end computers and servers. As promised, the PowerPC architecture will provide a scalable platform that will allow users to migrate from mobile devices up to workstation capabilities while using the same software and graphical interface. And all performance-sensitive features of the operating system will run native. OpenDoc Becomes the Interface and ons. With OLE, users can create a single document composed of parts from different applications. These parts, when embedded, can be edited within the document window. In contrast to OpenDoc, OLE is a closed arc hitecture and has no announced support for all major platforms. Superior Customization and Collaboration. Besides interoperating with existing applications, OpenDoc also offers a superior environment for custo nt perfor-mance improvements as it becomes optimized for the PowerPC platform as well. Apple will introduce its UNIX implementation on the PowerPC platform, working in cooperation with IBM. In addition, other UNIX vendors will offer PowerPC processor-based computers that run both UNIX and the Macintosh Application Environment. (MAE is a set of Macintosh services such as QuickTime, AOCE, AppleScript, and QuickDraw GX terglyph Intermixed International Interpolateid Lam-alif Language de in software and data if they move to new technology? How can they avoid starting over from scratch? Through all of its long-range plans, Apple remains continuously aware of these concerns and has made consci ous steps to ensure that customers investments are protected. Fitting into the customer s existing computing environment and providing a smooth migration path to new technologies is Apple s overriding goal Nonlinear Nonoverridden Nonpositional Normal Normally ffering both immediate compatibility and scalability in the future. Apple is best positioned as a long-term investment for users on all major platforms because it has: Committed to RISC as its main processor platform, which enables easy migration for Macintosh, DOS, and Windows users and offers scalability from mobile computers up to servers and workstations in the future Joined forces with IBM and Motorola to e built into System 7.x. With QuickDraw GX, Apple will take impressive strides in color manage-ment, typography, and printing features for all Macintosh users, including: Consistent, predictable, easy-to-us e color input, display, and output via built-in ColorSync technology Portable documents that can be savedand then viewed and printed by others who may not have the original applications or fonts More ies to the mainstream computer user. Apple has also developed industry standards such as the TrueType font format and QuickTime , which supports video editing and playback for Macintosh and Windows. Apple will further broaden use of graphics tech-nologies through three-dimensional graphics and Unicode support for even better localization support. In 1994, Apple will deliver QuickDraw GX, a new graphics architectur Applied Apply Applying Approach Approaches licensed by Apple to support Macintosh application software.) As with Apple s desktop and portable systems, all of Apple s server product line will migrate to PowerPC processor-based based UNIX systems. Talig ent and Kaleida Labs Taligent will release its object-oriented operating system, which will also run on the PowerPC processor, and its objects will operate as OpenDoc parts. Apple will bring Taligent into its p While 1994 will be a watershed year for Apple, the following years will also provide major innovations that expand on these themes. A constant theme over time, though, will be that users will be able to take a dvantage of the new features with minimal disruption to their systems or work. Directions for RISC By 1996, Apple will have shipped systems based on newer versions of the PowerPC chip, bringing RISC power to l evelopers, in-house developers, and customers are expected to be seeded with beta software, and Apple expects strong software support for the OpenDoc introduction later in 1994. Because compliance with the Op enDoc specification will be verified by CI Labs, developers will be able to write OpenDoc parts that run across the Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 platforms and networks. From the outset, OpenDoc components Corresponding Corresponds Could Create Created Creation nnovation was previewed when PlainTalk was built into the Macintosh AV systems and allowed customers to give speech commands immediately with any existing application that supported the Apple events programming model. OpenDoc components will become smarter about what kind of document they re in and what task the user is individual s requests, remembering or making educated guesses about an individual s preference lops both the hardware and operating system, it can ensure the best performance and long-term consistency. System 7 will be the best mainstream operating system for PowerPC platforms because it will support th ousands of software applications, offer the ability to run DOS and Windows programs, and feature the new Macintosh user environment that will replace the old graphical user interface with active assistance. It eordered Reordering Repertoire Replace Replaced nce and usability without sacrificing their current investments. Innovation will no longer mean incompatibility, but opportunity. eginning in 1994, Apple is bringing the power of RISC performa le to focus on the content of their work rather than on manipulating the tools needed to get it done. OpenDoc, along with PowerTalk, Open Transport, and Apple s PowerPC technology-based servers, will provide us ers on multiple platforms the ability to access information and work collaboratively in the manner that suits them best. Across the board, customers will be able to migrate to the next level of price/ performa o customers. Apple will introduce new technologies as OpenDoc parts, enabling users to take immediate advantage of the new technologies in all OpenDoc-compliant applications. Directions for 1995 and 1996 Apple initiatives outlined above will take full advantage of the industry advances in RISC computing, component software, collaboration, and active assistance and show smooth growth over the next several years. should interoperate with existing Macintosh applications as well as programs that support Microsoft s Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) 2.0 protocol, providing a smooth migration path that extends the usefuln ess of customers current applications. Like OpenDoc, Microsoft s OLE takes a modular approach to integrating applications. 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Lowercase Lowers Lowest Mainframe Mainframes Mainstream Maintain Maintaining Major Maker Makes Making Macdraw Machine Machine's Machines Macintosh Macintosh-like Maclinkplus/easy Maclinkplus/translat Mactcp Magazine's Mail-box Mainframe Mainframes Mainstream Maintain Maintaining Major Maker Makers Makes Making Meaning Means Measured Measurement Mechanism Multimedia Multiplatform Multiple Multiple-object Multiple-platform Multiport Multistep Multitasking Multithreaded Multithreading Multivendor Names Naming Narrow Native Natural Natural-interface Naturally Nature Navigate Nearly Necessarily Necessary Necessitated Needs Nonoverridden Nonpositional Normal Normally Notably Notebook Notebook-sized Noted Notes Nothing Notice Noticeably Notification Notified Notify Notion Novell Novell's Number Number-one Omitted On-line On-screen On-the-curve On/off One-half One-pixel One-third One-to-one Ongoing Onscreen Opcodes Overall Overhang Overhead Overlapping Overload Proportions Proposition Proprietary Protected Protecting Protection Protocol Protocol/internet Protocols Proven Provide Provided Provides Replaced Replicated Report Reporters Repositories Repository Represent Representation Represented Representing Represents Reputation Request Requests Require Required Requirement Requirements Requires Requiring Reroute Resemble Specific Specifically )pecification Specifications Specified Specifies Specify Specifying Speech Speech-recognition Speed Speeds Spell Spinning Split Splitting Spoken Spool Spooled Spooling Spools Sports Spreadsheet Spreadsheet-specific Spreadsheets Stable Stacks Stage Stamp Stand-alone ,nsuming Times Today Today's Together Token Tolerance Tomorrow's Toolbox Tools Top-left Total Toward Track Tracking Trademark Trademarks Traditional Traditionally Trailing Training Tran-sistors Transfer Transform Viewing Viewport Viewport's Viewports Virtually Visible Visual Vital Working Workplace Works Workspace Workstation Workstation-class Workstations World World's Worlds Worldscript Worldwide Worrying Would Write Writing Written graphics capabilities give a glimpse of things to come. By the end of the year, Apple plans to provide: More sophisticated and active assistance Increased data portability Improved graphics and speech recognition Greater connectivity between Apple s collaborative technologies and other platforms A Quick Look at QuickDraw GX Apple is widely acknowledged for its leadership in graphics. Graphics have made ties that allow Macintosh applications to read MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 files. Because System 7.x runs on both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems, Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open become pervasivel y available with this release. MacTCP. System 7.x includes built-in support for the TCP/IP networking protocol. These user-interface enhancements, built-in collaboration and standards support, and advanced cation. For instance, recalculations and data input could occur simultaneously. While some application developers have implemented this feature into their own products, the Thread Manager will facilitate this f or all software vendors. Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open. Like the version of System 7 on the Power Macintosh, this new version will offer Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open, utili will now be universally available. With PowerTalk, System 7 is the only operating system to provide built-in collaboration services, including a universal mail-box, digital signatures, and security. (See page 11 for a list of PowerTalk features.) Thread Manager. The Thread Manager enables concurrent processing within applications. With multithreading, simple subprocesses can proceed concurrently in the same appli powerful graphics capabilities of QuickDraw GX bring advanced color management, typography, and printing features to the Macintosh. In addition, QuickDraw GX has been optimized for the PowerPC processor so th at Power Macintosh users will experience impressive performance in graphics processing. (See sidebar for details.) PowerTalk. PowerTalk, which has been part of the Pro version of System 7 since October 1993, er could automatically back up a hard disk, archive information, or turn File Sharing off or on. Macintosh Drag and Drop. With Macintosh Drag and Drop, users can move data between applications or onto the de sktop in a single step. Simply select the data (text, graphics, etc.) and drag it to the desired location onto the desktop or into an open file. Cutting and pasting are no longer required. QuickDraw GX. The apabilities from within the application, leading users through the steps required to perform particular operations. In addition, Apple Guide can be custom-ized to lead users through tasks that are unique to a p articular company, school, or organization. Scriptable Finder. Because this new Finder will work with AppleScript, scripts will be able to incorporate Finder activities. For instance, using AppleScript, a us lored to the individual s preferences. The new version also includes built-in support for PowerTalk collaboration services as well as industry standards such as DOS and Windows data file compatibility and TCP/ IP. New features include: Apple Guide. With Apple Guide, a user can learn how to accomplish new or complex tasks by following on-screen prompts. Applications that support Apple Guide will offer similar c action between the user and computer. Major New Features for Both 680x0 and Power Macintosh Systems. System 7.x which runs on both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems provides technology that actively assists t he user, elegantly simplifies several tasks, and introduces the advanced graphics capabilities of QuickDraw GX. The result is faster operation, greater productivity, and a computing environment more closely tai rPC processor-based AppleShare servers. And in 1995, Apple will also deliver UNIX on PowerPC as the basis of a server product family. The Integration of Assistance and Collaboration: System 7.x Starting with t he the next reference release of Macintosh system software in the first half of 1994, Apple will introduce features in the Macintosh operating system that start the movement toward an increasingly natural inter ch recognition. QuickDraw GX, Apple s new graphics architecture, will upon introduction be optimized for the Power Macintosh (see next section for details). In the coming months, Apple will optimize additional features for the PowerPC processor and introduce new technologies such as three-dimensional graphics that capitalize on its advanced power. Apple Servers with PowerPC. By year-end, Apple plans to release Powe e compatibility via Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open utilities Optimized for Performance. New enhancements to the System 7 operating system begin to show the true potential of the PowerPC platform . Key features of System 7 have been optimized for the PowerPC chip, taking advantage of its power and speed. Among these are the QuickTime multimedia architecture for higher-resolution video and PlainTalk spee an upgrade kit; and support for telephone/computer integration with GeoPort telecommunications software Superior support for multimedia through color and TrueType fonts, sound input and output built into ev ery system, and video editing and playback with QuickTime Scripting technology that enables integration of applications and automation of routine tasks through AppleScript software MS-DOS and Windows fil software, which provides the simplest, most natural way to manage files and applications by providing long file names, the ability to switch easily between applications, and the ability to add fonts and desk ac cessories simply by dragging the icons into the System Folder Background printing, peer-to-peer file sharing, and networking all built into the system, with PowerTalk collaboration services available through tem 7, the new Power Macintosh systems will support the entire installed base of Macintosh applications and have the ability to run DOS and Windows applications as well. There are no announced plans for MS-DOS- or Windows-based systems to be ported to the PowerPC platform or any other RISC microprocessor. System 7 offers the best user experience in the industry with the following key features: Integrated Finder y category, customers will see immediate benefits from these new standards. The Move to RISC: PowerPC Technology Apple recently introduced its first Macintosh systems based on PowerPC technology. For customers who want the power of RISC, the Power Macintosh offers a unique advantage: System 7, the only mainstream, easy-to-use operating system optimized for the PowerPC platform. Besides the inherent advantages of Sys pple platforms being introduced in this year and refined over the next two years represent the best long-term investment with performance enhancements that will easily scale upwards over the next several years. The Next Twelve Months In the coming year, Apple is delivering products that show significant advances in raw computing power, application integration, user interface technologies, and collabora-tion. In ever erface smarter and more convenient, people can work in ways best suited to their needs. Delivering On The Promise: A Three-Year Plan The trends toward RISC, component software, collaboration, and active assis tance will transform the computer industry for the better. But customers must consider how to take advantage of these trends without disrupting their work or losing the value of their current investments. The A lexible, and able to anticipate and auto-mate specific tasks. Interaction will become increasingly natural and the computer itself will become an active assistant, with new system-level features such as improve d speech and more realistic three-dimensional imaging. All these user interface advances extend a key Apple goal: to refine the technology so that the complexity is hidden from the user. As Apple makes the int pple expects that all major vendors will support it in their applications. In addition, businesses, schools, and other organizations can reduce training and support costs by creating their own interactive Apple Guide databases to lead users through tasks that are unique to their company or organization. Leveraging the Power of RISC. Using the increased performance of RISC, system software will become smarter, more f y circling items such as menu selections. The user doesn t need to look up directions in a printed or on-line manual and go through the trial-and-error process of following written instructions. Apple Guide wil l be offered for both 680x0 and Power Macintosh systems. Since Apple Guide is built into the operating system, it will quickly become the standard way of providing help and access to advanced functionality. A le Guide will provide interactive, context-sensitive help functions that can be easily customized for specific purposes. Acting as an electronic assistant that leaps beyond traditional help systems, Apple Guid e leads the user through specific procedures one step at a time, actually guiding the user through to the completion of the task. Apple Guide also provides coachmarks on the screen that provide visual clues b Work Style. Beginning with the next reference release of the System 7 operating system, Apple will begin to deliver system software that helps users become more productive by guiding and even automating some o f the tasks that today s users must do themselves. Among the many advanced features of System 7.x are those that actively help users accomplish specific tasks, including a new technology called Apple Guide. App ze potential limitations in the current and relatively passive GUI model. Based on this experience, Apple is poised to evolve the user interface from a passive GUI to one of active assistance. The interface wil l accomplish specific tasks with minimal direction and even anticipate user preferences and needs. Users will benefit from an intelligent interface that adapts to their way of working. A System Adapted to Your ase of Doing. In 1984, Apple introduced a graphical user interface (GUI) so successful that other operating system vendors are trying to create their own Macintosh-like interfaces. Apple has made the interface even richer with the addition of built-in collaboration via PowerTalk, and with speech recognition via PlainTalk software on the Macintosh AV systems. But after 10 years of experience, Apple is able to recogni technology in set-top boxes to access multimedia information, carried over telephone or cable television lines and presented as interactive television services. Working with Oracle Corporation s Media Server pr oduct line, Apple will provide the Macintosh user interface for viewers to take advantage of services such as home shopping, video on demand, and interactive learning. Active Assistance: From Ease of Use to E eporters to retrieve selected data from the server according to the user s specifications. Through AppleSearch, users will more easily navigate vast stores of electronic information available on local services now, and by late 1994 on services such as the Internet, an electronic mail network connecting millions of government, university, and business users. Even in the home, consumers will be able to use Macintosh facilitated between servers, Macintosh clients, and even Newton personal digital assistants. This access will benefit Apple customers in all markets, including consumer and education as well as business enviro nments. To simplify information retrieval in client/server environments, Apple has introduced an agent technology called AppleSearch. AppleSearch indexes information at the server end and allows client-side werShare and Microsoft servers will interoperate, and information will be shared across the Macintosh and Windows client platforms. And, within a couple of years, Apple will offer Taligent technology in the ent erprise, ensuring a consistent experience for all Taligent users. On the client side, Macintosh computers will be able to act as clients to other systems with increasing transparency, and data exchange will be freely select the applications they want while network administrators can deploy whatever networking protocols they choose. The Client/Server Equation. Apple will address both sides of the client/ server equ ation with several developments. On the server side, there will be servers based on PowerPC technology as well as increasing support for Windows, UNIX, and other clients. Through an agreement with Microsoft, Po nt with its automatic document histories, which retain multiple versions of the document so a user can view past changes. Underlying it all, Apple is developing Open Transport, a communications architecture th at will give developers a single set of APIs that allow them to write a single application that automatically supports all major networking protocols. With the Open Transport architecture, users will be able to rt. With support for networks and all major operating system platforms, OpenDoc will provide two key advances to Apple s leadership in collaboration. First, OpenDoc will enable seamless interoperability between parts licensed for use across networks, so customers can share documents among everyone in a workgroup even those with different hardware platforms. Second, OpenDoc provides workflow and group-editing manageme laborate with others, allowing for much simpler and richer collaboration than previously possible Transparent security capabilities that automatically ensure privacy in network communications Digital sig nature capabilities that allow users to approve documents and forms electronically, thus enabling a wide range of ad hoc and structured workflow applications Foundations for the Future: OpenDoc and Open Transpo first to offer system-level support for collaborative services such as: A universal desktop mailbox that provides a single way to send and receive all forms of electronic correspondence including voice ma il, electronic mail, electronic forms, faxes, and scheduling requests from within applications An extensible catalog framework that provides consistent access to all of the information people may need to col ail and messaging, digital signatures, and security and is the first to integrate these services into a personal computer operating system. This means that users can send electronic mail, share files, and and forward documents from within an application (see sidebar for summary of features), without a separate mail application. The Power of PowerTalk With PowerTalk, the Macintosh operating system becomes the Remote Access, mobile users can have access to desktop systems, local area networks, or servers from off-site locations. Recognizing the universal need for collaborative technology, Apple created a system sof tware-level foundation for collaborative applications and services the Apple Open Collaboration Environment (AOCE). PowerTalk, the first product based on AOCE, provides a set of collaborative services such as m s involved. First in Networking and Collaboration. In 1985, Apple became the first personal computer vendor to offer built-in networking with its AppleTalk protocol. AppleTalk offered plug-and-play networking with no network reconfiguration required to add or delete nodes. By adding support for all major networking protocols, Macintosh systems have become the most-networked brand of personal computer. And with Apple chnologies that help us manage the information, not just get more of it. Apple has already demonstrated industry-leading directions in collaborative technologies that enable people to manage their communicatio ns efficiently to bring them the results they want. New developments will continue to help customers navigate vast stores of information and collaborate with others without concern for the platforms or protocol Collaboration Helping People Work with Others. As the computer industry has become tied to telephone services and global networks, many users are feeling the impact of an information explosion. Users are daunt ed by the multiple formats, competing communication services, and sheer bulk of information they receive. Increasingly, it s becoming obvious that information at our fingertips isn t enough. What we need are te pers. The result will be opportunities for new types of software to emerge including vertical parts for specific markets. And because developers will be writing less cumbersome code, they will be able to create products more quickly as well as update and enhance their software with greater ease. Users will be able to pay for only the software they need and exercise more control over the exact features they desire. c parts. This cooperative effort will result in a specification for OpenDoc parts that run across Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 platforms and networks, giving users more options and developers more levera ge from a single development effort. More Cost-Effective Software. Because OpenDoc parts will be easier to develop than today s applications, OpenDoc lowers the barrier of entry for smaller, specialized develo roprietary compound document architecture. In addition, networking support is expected from Novell, and IBM has announced its own plans to offer OS/2 and AIX (UNIX) implementations of OpenDoc. And OpenDoc is designed to use IBM s System Object Model (SOM) to package and execute parts of a compound document. ScriptX objects from Kaleida Labs and objects from the Taligent frameworks will also interoperate with OpenDo Apple is developing the Macintosh implementation of OpenDoc and will provide its Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) as part of the OpenDoc scripting facility. WordPerfect and Novell have announced cooperative e fforts to produce a ver-sion of OpenDoc that will run on the Windows platform. WordPerfect is also developing technology that will provide interoperability between OpenDoc and Microsoft s OLE 2.0, Microsoft enDoc implementations for other operating systems come to market, CI Labs will validate their compliance with the OpenDoc specification. Compliant parts and applications will interoperate with each other, regar dless of the vendor. Because of this, people can work with the components they want without worrying about compatibility. An Open Technology. Several companies have already announced plans to support OpenDoc. re vendors as partners. Because Apple is working with other industry leaders via CI Labs to develop OpenDoc, this consistency will go one step further: OpenDoc applications will be seamlessly integrated and r epresented through a single interface even across multiple platforms so users can focus on their work, rather than the application or hardware system on which they are working. When OpenDoc applications and Op m several applications. Cross-Platform Consistency and Interoperability. Macintosh applications have traditionally provided the most consistent interface across applications from different vendors. This consi stency has allowed Macintosh users to work with different kinds of applications more easily and cut training and support costs significantly. Apple has been able to ensure consistency by working with all softwa r can create a document containing word processing, spreadsheet, graphics, and other types of functional areas. Clicking on any of these areas brings up the appropriate tools to edit that data type. For instanc e, clicking on the spreadsheet area would cause spreadsheet-specific menus and tools to appear. Since everything is in one document, there s no cutting and pasting required to consolidate information fro maller, easily customized programs called parts. Users will be able to conveniently combine their favorite component parts from different vendors just as they might combine the components in a stereo system to create a unified, customized workspace that contains multiple functions. With OpenDoc, they will be able to edit any data directly in any document without having to switch applications. Using OpenDoc, a use platforms. The key benefits of OpenDoc include: The ability to focus on your work, not on the computer In-place editing of any data in any document Plug-and-play interoperability of components across platforms through CI Lab validation Fast, easy, custom solutions Data sharing across platforms, over networks Convenience and Customization. OpenDoc will transform today s mono-lithic applications into s also called components or objects that work together transparently. With OpenDoc, users will be able to focus directly on their work rather than grappling with unwieldy, do-everything software programs. nDoc in a Nutshell OpenDoc, the industry-standard compo-nent software architecture being developed by Apple, WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, and others through CI Labs, offers several major advances for users of all e-rich, it also becomes more difficult to use and update. And because applications are so costly to develop and maintain, only a few developers can afford to produce them thus limiting opportunities for develop ers and the range of software choices for customers. OpenDoc, a new architecture being developed by Apple and other industry leaders, will enable software vendors to offer to their customers smaller application te a single document a cumbersome and error-prone process. Too often, people must focus on the tools they re using rather than the tasks they re trying to accomplish. At the same time, developers continue to ad d more features to software, which creates increased complexity and higher memory requirements, though the features are often not used by the customers. The result: As software becomes more powerful and featur the coming months. More than 100 companies have officially announced that they will be delivering native versions of their products to take advantage of the speed and performance of the Power Macintosh platfor OpenDoc: Enabling Solutions that Work the Way You Do There s widespread recognition that applications need to become simpler. Today, users must frequently cut and paste between various applications to crea Intelligent software that anticipates and automates commands Significant advances in animation and high-resolution video Integrated telephone systems for transparent modem, fax, and voice communication Improvements in speech recognition, text-to-speech conversion, and voice and language processing Apple expects that there will be hundreds of applications optimized for the speed of the Power Macintosh in nces such as natural speech and increasingly realistic graphics. The first wave of Macintosh applications taking advantage of PowerPC performance is composed of faster versions of today s popular programs and will include all categories of software: publishing, education, multimedia, technical markets, and business. A new wave of software will then bring unprecedented capabilities to personal computing, including: more powerful Macintosh software, offering two to four times the performance of today s fastest 68040- and 80486-based personal computers. Applications that are computation-intensive, such as graphics or comput er-aided design software, will run up to 10 times faster on the PowerPC chip. This increased speed will make possible entire new categories of applications for personal computers, as well as user interface adva Macintosh implementation is predicted to be the highest-volume RISC-based platform. According to personal computer market an-alyst Pieter Hartsook, Macintosh on PowerPC will represent nine of every 10 PowerPC systems and, by the end of 1996, will have between 20 and 25 percent of new sales. New Power for New Applications. The high-performance PowerPC platform creates the foundation for a new generation of faster, y adoption where the greatest power is available in only the highest-end systems. Using PowerPC technology, Apple intends for the price/performance advances of RISC to be affordable and usable for its entire ra nge of customers. Apple expects PowerPC processors to become the highest-volume RISC pro-cessors in the world and a better price/performance alternative to the Intel 80x86 CISC architecture. And Apple s Power ime, Apple will extend the use of the PowerPC architecture throughout its line of personal computers including entry-level, high-end, and notebook systems. Apple is the only personal computer vendor publicly co mmitted to moving its entire product line to RISC technology, and is the first vendor to market with a PowerPC-based personal computer. This represents a major shift away from the historic pattern of technolog g industry-standard UNIX on PowerPC, thus ensuring access to thousands of UNIX applications on this platform. The result is a milestone in the industry unlike ever before, a major new computing platform will be accompanied by more rather than fewer applications than its predecessor. The Highest-Volume Standard. Apple recently introduced the PowerPC processor in its midrange and high-end Power Macintosh systems. In t h users can take advantage of the power of RISC with no disruption of their current applications, data, or networks. Because of their superior performance, Power Macintosh systems are also able to run most Wi ndows and MS-DOS programs via SoftWindows emulation soft-ware from Insignia Solutions. UNIX users will also benefit from PowerPC technology through Apple s joint efforts with IBM and other partners in developin as engineer-ing workstations and commercial database servers. However, working with the PowerPC processor, Apple has succeeded in seamlessly moving its popular Macintosh System 7 operating system to the powerfu l RISC platform in the Power Macintosh line of computers. This means that virtually all of today s thousands of Macintosh applications will run on the RISC-based Macintosh systems without modification. Macintos This simpler design results in lower manufacturing costs, enabling price/performance breakthroughs for a larger number of customers. In addition, lower power requirements allow RISC-based products to be scalab le from notebook-sized systems up to high-end workstations and servers. Supported by Thousands of Applications. To date, RISC technology has been used only in systems designed for raw computational power such the processing architecture for the future, working in partnership with IBM and Motorola to produce the highly acclaimed PowerPC processor line. In contrast to Pentium and P6, which represent the most ad-vanced CISC technology, the PowerPC RISC chips are decreasing in numbers of tran-sistors. The first PowerPC chip the 601 uses 2.8 million transistors, while the next version the 603 uses only 1.6 million transistors. rmance from CISC chips like the Intel 80x86 and Motorola 680x0. However, performance gains are on a diminishing curve. Recently, Intel announced the P6, the latest version of its CISC-based Pentium x86 technolo gy, which Intel plans to demonstrate in 1995. The P6 requires 6 million transistors to gain significant performance increases, double the number used in today s Pentium. Apple has made a commitment to RISC as for the 90s and Beyond The complex instruction-set computing (CISC) processor architecture has been a viable standard for personal computers for many years. But as this technology approaches the end of its li fe cycle, a new architecture reduced instruction-set computing (RISC) will provide the significant increases for the next decade. Chip makers have found increasingly ingenious ways to draw more and more perfo ue this leadership role by creating the most immediately usable implementations of RISC, component software, collaboration technologies, and active assistance. By offering superior solutions in these four key a} reas and a smooth migration path for users on any platform, Apple will provide an open, industry-standard platform that brings immediate rewards and long-term security. Power Macintosh: The Hardware Platform software vendors to produce component applications for use across multiple-platform networks. OpenDoc has already been seeded to key developers and is scheduled for release in 1994. Standing Out: Advanced Tec{ hnology, Usable Now Apple has built its reputation as a technology innovator, providing products and technologies that make computers easier to use and more powerful for mainstream customers. Apple will contin is building on its current successes in partnering with industry leaders such as IBM and Hewlett-Packard for the Taligent platform, IBM and Motorola for the PowerPC processor architecture, and IBM for Kaleida. Together these companies are forming a consortium called the Component Integration Laboratories (CI Labs). Through CI Labs, OpenDoc implementations will be made available for multiple platforms, thus enabling advantages of the Macintosh application base and user experience. OpenDoc, Open Industry Technology The OpenDoc component software architecture (described in detail on page 9) will provide further support for w Windows, OS/2, and UNIX applications. Several industry leaders including Apple, WordPerfect, Novell, IBM, Borland, Sun, Taligent, and others have announced support for the OpenDoc platform. With OpenDoc, Apple ges of UNIX plus the usability and application base of the Macintosh. At the same time, developers have been able to reach a broader market with their Macintosh applications. Now, Apple is also licensing a set u of Macintosh operating system services called Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) to other UNIX hardware vendors. This means UNIX users have a broader choice of hardware platforms while still enjoying the tems and has become the de facto multimedia standard for both. And Apple s PowerTalk collaboration technology allows PowerTalk to act as a universal electronic-mail client to virtually any mail service. Macis ntosh Application Environment for UNIX Users. For several years, Apple has offered an industry-standard UNIX implementation on the Macintosh platform, providing UNIX customers with the true multitasking advanta out disrupting their users applications. Open Transport, which will support both 680x0- and PowerPC processor-based Macintosh systems, has already been seeded to developers and will ship in 1994. Cross-Platforq m Services Besides Open Transport, Apple offers other services for customers working in multiple environments. For instance, Apple s QuickTime multimedia software architecture supports Macintosh and Windows sys r networking protocols. Besides simplifying development, Open Transport will allow developers to implement a richer set of services for Macintosh systems and integrate the Macintosh more tightly into cross-plato form environments. With Open Transport, users can buy an application without worrying about what network they re connected to, and system administrators can update, reroute, or re-place networking systems with on developers and more choices for customers. Open Transport. To make network interoperability easier than ever for users, system administrators, and developers, Apple is developing the Open Transport Commum nications Architecture. Open Transport will give developers a unified set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that will allow them to write a single application that will automatically support all majo oration that will ensure interoperation between their respective messaging and catalog/directory services. Apple s PowerShare Collaboration Servers will support Windows clients as well as Apple s own PowerTalk k clients. And Microsoft will support PowerTalk clients on its upcoming server products. Both Apple and Microsoft will support Common Mail Calls (CMC), resulting in easier cross-platform development for applicati tocol for business and education networks and for the Internet communications network. MacTCP, which has been sold separately as Apple s implementation of TCP/IP, lets Macintosh users access information on Crayi , UNIX, Sun, VAX, and other hosts. Interoperability between Apple and Microsoft Messaging Services. As an example of its open systems approach, Apple recently announced a joint agreement with Microsoft Corp necting with networks supporting IBM s SNA, Digital Equipment Corporation s DECNet , Novell s IPX, and the TCP/IP and OSI protocols. Apple will also provide the following tools for cross-platform compatibility.g MacTCP. Beginning with the next reference release of the System 7 operating system, Apple will include MacTCP software, which supports TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), a popular pro f the System 7 operating system to ensure that users automatically gain the benefits they provide. Working with Others Across Industry-Standard Networks Besides offering built-in AppleTalk networking, Apple he as consistently provided compatibility with all major networking and enterprise systems. Apple builds Ethernet and Token Ring connectivity into its Macintosh systems and also supports a range of options for con ments, or work on one type of computer at the office and another at home. To make it easier to exchange data files between these systems, Apple currently offers Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open, a c set of utilities that allows MS-DOS, Windows, and OS/2 files to be opened and edited with Macintosh applications. Apple will include Macintosh PC Exchange and Macintosh Easy Open in its next reference release o ssor configurations of its Power Macintosh systems similar to that of the Macintosh Quadra 610, DOS Compatible, for even better integration of the two environments. Thus, DOS and Windows customers can take advaa ntage of the increased performance of the Power Macintosh while retaining their current software investments. Exchanging Data Among Macintosh, DOS, and Windows Users Many people work in mixed computing environ nvironments. This product recently won Byte magazine s Best of Comdex award in the Best System category. Apple s new RISC-based Power Macintosh systems built around the industry-standard PowerPC chip will be_ able to run most MS-DOS and Windows applications at speeds comparable to that of entry-level 386 and 486 systems via SoftWindows emulation software from Insignia Solutions. Apple is also considering dual-proce le technology offers. Running DOS and Windows Applications Apple currently offers a dual-processor configuration of the Macintosh Quadra computer called the Macintosh Quadra 610, DOS Compatible for MS-DOS and ] Windows application compatibility. It includes a 25-megahertz Intel 80486SX processor that allows users to run Macintosh and MS-DOS or Windows applications in tandem, and even cut and paste data between these e software, collaboration, and interface standards while maintaining compatibility with the standards of the past. By fitting in, Apple continues to do what it s always done best offer superior technology for th[ e best user experience but for a wider range of users. Fitting In: A Plan for Open Innovation Apple provides a range of options for users on diverse platforms who wish to take advantage of the power that App tforms Fitting in means helping people retain their investment in software and data without disruption. It means offering solutions for Macintosh, MS-DOS, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 users, whether they use stand-aY lone systems or are connected to others via modem, local area networks, or as part of enterprise systems. Over the course of the next few years, Apple will implement specific strategies to create new hardware, its proprietary approach of the past to a cooperative philosophy, working with industry leaders such as IBM, WordPerfect, Novell, Sun, and others to establish open standards that will benefit users on all majorW platforms. With these technologies and partnerships, Apple meets its goal of fitting in today s computing environment to extend the usefulness of existing personal computer systems. Solutions for Multiple Pla d only 58 percent of theirs correctly. The Need for Compatibility While making sure that new Macintosh technologies provide upward compatibility for the Macintosh installed base, Apple has also recognized theU need for compatibility with the rest of the computing world introducing dozens of products and technologies that support industry standards and cross-platform computing. Simultaneously, Apple has evolved from rm Arthur D. Little recently measured the productivity of more than 100 business computer users across 24 different computing tasks including editing docu-ments, managing files, and printing. In the study, MaciS ntosh users completed the suite of tasks in 44 percent less time than Windows users doing the same tasks. Furthermore, Macintosh users completed 85 percent of their tasks correctly, while Windows users complete eadership, including the introduction of the graphical user interface in 1984 and built-in networking support. But more important, over the 10-year history of the Macintosh, Apple s customers have benefited froQ m continuing innovations with virtually no disruptions in application compatibility, networking, or data exchange. And Apple s innovations have resulted in better productivity for Macintosh users. Consulting fi nce, object software technology, built-in collaboration services, and user interface advances to Macintosh, DOS, Windows, UNIX, and OS/2 users without disruption and for a reasonable price. Fitting In While SO tanding Out Apple has always stood out by offering superior products, combining better quality and usability with award-winning design and technology leadership. Apple has a proven track record of technology l at bridge their current computing environment with tomorrow s capabilities and provide the best long-term investment for solutions they purchase today. For them, the question is: Which vendor will take me into M the future most smoothly? Recognizing these concerns, Apple Computer, Inc., has created a smooth migration path for all personal computer users. Beginning in 1994, Apple is bringing the power of RISC performa an intelligent interface that offers active assistance. While these advances offer significant leaps in productivity, they can also cause disruptions for the customer. Too often, new platforms can be incompatK ible with the old. As a result, people face the dilemma of maintaining their existing investments in software, hardware, and training while wanting to take advantage of major innovations. They need solutions th gy will soon show significant performance gains unachievable by CISC technology. Applications. Do-everything applications will evolve to gain the flexibility offered by objects or components. Networking. I Data communications, now expanding to the consumer marketplace, will be enriched with services for data management and collaborative work. User interface. The passive graphical interface will be replaced by take us past these barriers and permit computing to make even more beneficial contributions to learning, work, and entertainment. In 1994, four major trends will transform the computer industry and affect userG s on all platforms, providing unprece-dented price/performance, flexibility, and usability. These transitions will occur from the base hardware up to the user experience level: Microprocessor. RISC technolo uting is pushing the limits of current hardware and software technology. Users need greater power to handle larger, more sophisticated applications. The graphical user interface has reached the limits of what iE t can do to make computing easier. And the emerging information superhighway is already too complex to navigate with confidence. Profound changes are taking place in hardware and software technology that will er Macintosh OpenDoc Collaboration Active Assistance Delivering On The Promise The Next Twelve Months Directions for 1995 and 1996 Getting There From Here Introduction Personal computers have changed our liveC s. With them, millions of individuals can communicate with each other locally or around the globe; have unprecedented access to information; and are more productive at work, home, and school. But personal comp firms in the forefront of the electronic publishing industry are available to explore. Listed below are the nine major areas to explore: Arts & Leisure With everything from information and discussions about t_ he arts, television, and sports to interactive adventure games, the Arts & Leisure Pavilion is the entertainment capital of eWorld. Marketplace Shop for products and services from your desktop--check on prices Mobility Bundle Tech Article efined Regardless Relatively Release at It Does One of the most important modules is the battery monitor module, which has three different submodules. The first module gives a quick visual indication as to the amount of charge left in the baw tteries. Notice that it has a dual battery indication. The second part of battery monitor module is the consumption meter. The consumption shows how efficiently you re using the PowerBook. By dimming th Mobility Bundle Tech Article Manage-ment Management Managerrinting nformation on existing LANs. Interoperability Between Apple and Microsoft Messaging In keeping with Apple s emphasis on open systems and cross-platform support, Apple and Microsoft recently announced a joint g agreement that will ensure interoperation between their respective messaging and directory services. Apple s PowerShare servers, which are built upon the AOCE architecture, will support Windows clients as well PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Sound Specificinuing Contributions preselected types of information directly to your desktop mailbox. PowerTalk provides a universal desktop mailbox plus AppleMail, a built-in letter application. Catalogs and Information Cards Catalogs store Q information about users and other objects required to facilitate effective communication. Catalogs store Information Cards and provide quick access to the information needed to collaborate with others. Informa PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Software Solution Solutions he HyperCard Player. You use the HyperCard Player to work with stacks created with other versions of HyperCard. HyperCard is an interactive environment using the everyday methaphor of stacks of cards, buttonsY , and fields to present information. The HyperCard Player lets you use stacks, but not create new ones. To learn more about HyperCard, create your own stacks, and find out how to write the instructions (cal Mobility Bundle Tech Article Study Successes Suite Sunrk and digitally and forward documents from within an application. Apple began shipping PowerTalk with System 7 Pro in October 1993. As part of System 7.5, PowerTalk becomes available to all System 7 usersI Another key element in each person s collaborative environment is the telephone and, increasingly, the integration of computer and telephone functions. To pave the way for smoother computer/telephone integr PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief ifferentiated Differentiating e better communicated than the sum of the parts. Future bundles will build upon this base, increasing our focus on mobility in the areas described above and ensuring a valuable and differentiated product line.I PowerBook File Assistant 1.0 The PowerBook File Assistant is software that synchronizes files on your PowerBook and desktop Macintosh by automatically updating files whenever you make changes. With PowerBoo Mobility Bundle Tech Article usandsions Transmission Transparento or detailed information on AOCE, PowerTalk, and PowerShare, refer to the AOCE Concepts folder on the Techlaration of Independence CD, 2nd Edition, August 1993. In particular, see the files AOCE Summer Camp 199m 3 and AOCE Slides. your PowerBook. Launcher lets you see what kind of software is bundled on the PowerBook, launch that software, and provides instructions on how to use the software. Three major modules for the Launcher areq the Applications, QuickTips, and Service/Support. Within the Applications module, you can see and launch the new applications and utilities included with your PowerBook. The QuickTips module includes shor Mobility Bundle Tech Article Philosophy Place Platformsduct ation, System 7.5 builds in support for the Macintosh Telephony Architecture, including the Telephone Manager. Key Elements of PowerTalk PowerTalk is Apple s collaboration solution for individuals working anyK time, anywhere. The communications aspects of PowerTalk do not require a server and can be used on a peer-to-peer basis with a modem or AppleTalk local area network. The following sections highlight the key fe PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief rentiating Digital Dimming Direct Mobility Bundle Tech Article tations Implementedt's Joint tionary new capability at the system level. DigiSign provides a mechanism to electronically approve and verify data. The data can range from a single cell or field to a complete compound document. With DigiSign[ , you can attach an electronic signature as well as verify other signatures and determine if a document has been altered. For the first time, you can sign documents without the time-consuming process of printi PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Business Businesses Butions provides a built-in letter application, AppleMail, which provides entry-level mail capabilities that includes support for messages that contain stylized text, images, and video. Unlike many electronic-mail applW ications, AppleMail does not require a server. In addition to providing mail capabilities with AppleMail, PowerTalk also extends mail functionality to every application by providing a mailer. This mailer pr PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Listed Located Location Looking for the latest hardware and software products, and even make travel arrangements. Newsstand With the latest on-line postings from news services around the world, the Newsstand keeps you informed about what going on in eWorld, and in the world outside. eMail Center Communicate with other eWorld subscribers around the world, with subscribers to other electronic-mail services, and with people on the Internet. The Mobility Bundle Tech Article r 2.2 eWorld OS Extensions PC Exchange Macintosh Easy Open Document Converter MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translator Launcher/Software Highlights PowerBook Control Strip What It Does How It WorkC Mobile Operating System Direction and Overview Starting with the release of the PowerBook 500 series and PowerBook Duo 280/280c CPUs, a set of PowerBook utilities and operating system (OS) extensions will Mobility Bundle Tech Article Would Write Years eMail Center lets you send and receive electronic mail, and keep in touch with the people you care about. Community Center s where you ll find interactive forums for groups and associations, and a Meetingc Place for making new friends. Info Booth Looking for a schedule of events, a directory of services, or general information about eWorld? This is where to go for on-line assistance. Learning Center Books, en Mobility Bundle Tech Article Translators. Files are translated (retaining original formatting) between different Macintosh and PC file formats, as well as between Macintosh formats. Launcher/Software Highlights Launcher is a new controlo panel that initially was introduced on Performas. The Launcher on PowerBooks (also shown on the desktop as the alias Software Highlights) gives you a single entry point into the value-added software that's on Mobility Bundle Tech Article Platform Platforms lectronic mail systems. PowerShare also addresses another key requirement in today s distributed information systems: network security. Most information traveling on today s local area networks (LANs) can be ee asily captured by anyone with the appropriate tools. PowerShare secures network traffic through network authentication and encryption services that support the exchange of mission-critical or highly sensitive i PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Solution Solutions Specificersion e screen, spinning down the hard disk, or using other battery saving techniques, you can improve the battery life. The final element in the battery monitor module is a digital readout of time remaining, giy ving accurate information as to how much time is remaining from the battery. Other PowerBook Control Strip modules allow you to turn AppleTalk on/off, to turn File Sharing on/off, to spin down the hard disk, t Mobility Bundle Tech Article Mobility Bundle Tech Article ionfitting Investment Investmentsst Converter. This is a mini-application that can be set up to translate files into different application formats by dragging files on top of it. MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translator MacLinkPlus/Translators allow m you open MS-DOS or Windows files even if they can't be opened by your Macintosh programs. Just double-click the file and you will see the list of programs that can open the file with the MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Mobility Bundle Tech Article Parts Passive Paste Pasting our Calendar notes into a word-processing program. Import notes from other calendars and scheduling software. For more information on the Calendar, see the document called Using the Calendar in the CalendarW folder on your hard disk. HyperCard Player 2.2 HyperCard is an application program you use with interactive documents called stacks. The version of HyperCard that comes with new Apple systems is called t Mobility Bundle Tech Article Still Stood Strategies Strategy Study k File Assistant, you can always be sure that the file you are working on is the current version. As a user of both a desktop Macintosh and a PowerBook, you may often have the same file or folder on both computK ers. But you may have a problem keeping track of what files are on what computer. The PowerBook File Assistant keeps the most recent version of a file or folder on both your desktop Macintosh and your Power Mobility Bundle Tech Article cyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference works make this the place to go when you re looking for answers. It s like having a library in your Macintosh. Computer Center The Computer Center is the direct e connection for in-depth computer news, information, and services. It s the official place for information from Apple Computer, You ll find technical support, thousands of shareware applications, hardware and Mobility Bundle Tech Article l mailbox makes use of third-party gateway software that allows seamless information exchange among users. With mail agents that are available from third parties, you can manage the ever-increasing flow of elO ectronic correspondence. Mail agents can automatically sort and forward incoming mail, archive mail after it is read, monitor databases and information sources, and create personalized newspapers by delivering PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Software Solution pple Remote Access. In the same folder, you'll also find other useful information about using Apple Remote Access on PowerBooks. For complete information on Apple remote Access, see the Apple Remote Access ClU ient User's Guide. Calendar Your computer has a program called Calendar. With Calendar, you can: Keep track of your daily appointments. Write notes to remind yourself of daily things to do. Copy y Mobility Bundle Tech Article e-level Softwindows Solutions be offered. The overall message we want to convey to our customers is that PowerBooks are the most complete, well-integrated solution on the market. To accomplish this, we plan on differentiating the productE line through, among other things, a mobile-centric software experience. Specifically, we will focus on Communications, Integration (between PowerBooks and Desktops, DOS and PDAs), and in the future, Multimed Mobility Bundle Tech Article System Technologies Thread Typography White rldscript Worrying Would Write Writing Written Year-end Years o adjust conservation and performance levels, to put the PowerBook to sleep, and to set sound output levels. How It Works The PowerBook Control Strip is a system extension (INIT) that provides the operating e{ nvironment for control strip modules. It runs on any Macintosh computer with System 7.0 or later. The PowerBook Control Strip is implemented in a private layer that appears in front of the windows in all the Mobility Bundle Tech Article Book. The process of updating the files on both computers is called file synchronization. With the PowerBook File Assistant, you can synchronize individual files or folders. Using PowerBook File Assistant, yM ou can link the file you want to synchronize to its copy. Then you tell PowerBook File Assistant whether to update the files automatically or only when you request the update. For example, you might want to s Mobility Bundle Tech Article application layers so that they will not obscure it. You can move the window for the PowerBook Control Strip to any location on the display as long as the right or left edge of the window is attached to the rig} ht or left edge of the display. The PowerBook Control Strip has a tab on its unattached end that you can use for adjusting the length of the strip or for moving it to a new position. You can hide the PowerB Mobility Bundle Tech Article ook Control Strip, except for the tab, by double-clicking the tab. Clicking the tab when the PowerBook Control Strip is hidden makes the PowerBook Control Strip visible again. To make the PowerBook Control St rip disappear completely, you can click the Hide button in the PowerBook Control Strip control panel. To move the PowerBook Control Strip to a new position, hold down the Option key, then drag the tab to the d Mobility Bundle Tech Article Bundled software allows us to provide this out of the box, while our control of the OS and hardware ensures seamless integration at various architectural levels (ROM, OS, and applications). The Software MoG bility Bundle, as the first step of this strategy, combines a selection of existing Apple software products, OS enhancements, and third-party solutions under a single marketing umbrella, so that the whole can b Mobility Bundle Tech Article ng them and circulating them for approval. Instead, documents can be routed through electronic mail, allowing them to be completely processed electronically. This allows any individual or organization to do bus] iness with others in a more time- and cost- effective manner. PowerTalk Key Chain This security technology provides a single mechanism for securing access to multiple network and desktop services, including t PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Component Components Composed icrosoft Word, ClarisWorks, or WordPerfect. Macintosh Easy Open Macintosh Easy Open is a system extension from Apple Computer that works with MacLinkPlus/Easy Open Translators to deliver file translation ask transparently as possible. Together, they allow you to open a file when you don't have the application that created it. Document Converter The Macintosh Easy Open system extension also includes a Document Mobility Bundle Tech Article Package Particularh BhControl Strip are rearranged, the new arrangement is saved when the computer is shut down and restarted. Mobility Bundle Tech Article Interoperation Introduce Introduced Introduces Introducing Introduction Introductionfitting Investment Investments ynchronize files between: A PowerBook and your desktop Macintosh A PowerBook and a network file server A PowerBook Duo and a PowerBook Duo Dock Detailed instructions for using PowerBook File AssistantO are located in Appendix B of the Getting Started user manuals for the PowerBook 500 Series and PowerBook 280 Series. Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 As a PowerBook user, you will probably travel with your c Mobility Bundle Tech Article atures of PowerTalk: Desktop Mailbox PowerTalk lets you enjoy the benefits of a single mailbox and a consistent interface for browsing and searching information, regardless of the number of communications serM vices you use. It provides a single mailbox icon for all incoming and outgoing mail including on-line services, fax, voice, electronic mail from various sources, and documents from any application. The universa PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Personal Server. The Apple Remote Access Client is easy to use. Its built-in features include technology that makes even international dialing simple. You can connect to your server easily from anywhere in S the world. You will find the Apple Remote Access Client software in a folder titled Apple Remote Access on your hard disk. You can install the software by following the instructions in the file installing A Mobility Bundle Tech Article Softwindows Solutions s and more complex requirements, Apple also offers PowerShare Collaboration Servers software as an optional product to augment the capabilities offered by PowerTalk. PowerTalk includes the client-side software a in a PowerShare client/server environment. PowerShare, which shipped in January 1994, provides sharing and administration of centralized collaboration services. By providing for the consolidated administration PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief ingle Software Solution Solutions as Apple s own PowerTalk clients. And Microsoft will support PowerTalk clients on its Enterprise Messaging System servers. Specifically, the agreement calls for: Support of AOCE capabilities in Microsoft acintosh applications. Access from either the Macintosh or Windows platform to the messaging and directory servers provided by either vendor. Gateways between the two vendors messaging and directory serv PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief tilities Valuable Various Version Mobility Bundle Tech Article PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Brief Introduction This document presents a high-level description of the AOCE features (PowerTalk/PowerShare), which are a part of System 7.5. This document is not an in-depth PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief ovides a standard user interface for a mailing label, which can be attached to documents. Applications that take advantage of the mailer are mail-capable and allow you to send a given document to any number Y of people using any available mail system, including fax. The mailer also allows you to attach multiple enclosures and a digital signature. DigiSign DigiSign digital signatures technology represents a revolu PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief omputer and need information that is back at your home or office. Your PowerBook comes with the Apple Remote Access Client program. Apple Remote Access provides an easy way to connect your PowerBook to informQ ation and resources at a remote location. With the Apple Remote Access Client, you can connect to any server compatible with Apple Remote Access including the Apple Remote Access MultiPort Server and the Apple Mobility Bundle Tech Article software advice, and a wealth of productivity resources. Business & Finance This area offers business and financial news, and information about specific industries. You ll find help with managing your investmg ent portfolio and advice on how to take charge of your money and your assets. OS Extensions Your computer has software that makes it possible for you work with your MS-DOS or Windows files. PC Exchange Mobility Bundle Tech Article tion Cards keep individual or group profiles containing electronic addresses, phone and fax numbers, personal notes, and more. Because PowerTalk supports drag-and-drop delivery, files and folders can be sent toS others by simply dragging them onto Information Cards. By defining new catalog templates, developers can extend and customize catalog functionality to deliver access to any type of information. The implementa PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief kplus/easy Makes Manualsons Support for Common Mail Calls (CMC) on both platforms, resulting in easier cross-platform development for in-house developers. Because PowerTalk is built into the operating system, System 7.5 users willk be able to take advantage of this interoperability as soon as it becomes available. References 1. For more positioning information, see the PowerTalk/PowerShare presentation on the Fall 93 ARPL CD. 2. F PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief 'e#Macintosh Operating System Strategy PowerBook Mobility Software Bundle Tech Article Table of Contents Mobile Operating System Direction and Overview PowerBook File Assistant 1.0 Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 Calendar HyperCard Playe Mobility Bundle Tech Article Workgroup Working Workspace Workstation Workstations World Worldscript Worrying Would Write Writing Written Year-end Years scripts ) that make stacks work, you need HyperCard 2.2, which is available as a retail product. HyperCard 2.2 includes the full-featured version of HyperCard, as well as all the tools and documentation y[ ou need to use all of HyperCard s features, including color and QuickTime movies. eWorld eWorld is a place were you can send and receive electronic mail, transact business, and find great things to do all fro Mobility Bundle Tech Article esired position. The different parts of the PowerBook Control Strip either display status information or act as buttons. When you click on a button, it is highlighted; some buttons also display additional e lements such as pop-up menus. By holding down the Option key and clicking on a display area, you can drag the display area to another position in the PowerBook Control Strip. After the parts of the PowerBook Mobility Bundle Tech Article in the System folder. PowerBook Control Strip The PowerBook Control Strip is a new utility that provides quick and easy access to power management functions from the desktop. When you start your PowerBook, u you'll see the PowerBook Control Strip at the lower-left-hand side of your screen. The PowerBook Control Strip consists of a number of different modules, each providing a different kind of functionality. Mobility Bundle Tech Article Manage-ment Management Manager m the desktop of your Macintosh computer. eWorld puts you in touch with the global community of Macintosh users, and it's a direct link to Apple. Navigating through eWorld is as easy and intuitive as using yo] ur Macintosh computer. Getting around in eWorld is like getting around in a familiar neighborhood. Several buildings, with different kinds of information and activities provided by major news services and by Mobility Bundle Tech Article of shared information catalogs and gateways, PowerShare lets the PowerTalk user take advantage of server-based messaging, catalog, authentication, and privacy services on an AppleTalk network. Thus PowerShare ec nables teams of people to work together more easily, whether they are collaborating on projects, routing a document through several electronic signature levels, or communicating with each other with disparate e PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief ingle Software Solution Solutions xchange allows you to mount your MS-DOS formatted disks on the Macintosh desktop. By simply having the PC Exchange control panel installed, MS-DOS floppy disks will appear on the desktop when inserted. You cai n use Macintosh programs to work with files that are stored on these MS-DOS or Windows disks. For example, you can open and edit a WordPerfect (MS-DOS) file with any one of the following Macintosh programs: M Mobility Bundle Tech Article tion of catalog storage ranges from Personal Catalogs (collections of Information Cards stored on your hard disk) to sophisticated hierarchical, distributed, and replicated repositories of information such as tU hose implemented by the Apple PowerShare Catalog server. Software developers can provide access to virtually any type of database through the catalogs mechanism. AppleMail and Application Support PowerTalk PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Located Location Looking Macintosh t tips on commonly asked PowerBook questions and techniques/information regarding the new programs included with your PowerBook. The Service/Support module includes documents that provide information regardis ng where yous can obtain technical support information. It is possible for you to add your own Service/ Support documents by simply adding them to the Service/Support folder in the Launcher Items folder located Mobility Bundle Tech Article he mailbox. Whenever you log onto a new service (or AppleShare volume that is password protected), an entry is made in the PowerTalk Key Chain for that service, and your user name and password to get access to_ that service are saved. The entire Key Chain is protected by a single password; it takes care of the user names and passwords for all known services thereafter. Client/Server Support For larger installation PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief 680x0 7.0.1 72-dot-per-inch 80-megabyte 80486-based 80486sx 80x86 Ability Aware Back-end Back-up Backbones Background Backing Backs Backspace Backups Barrier Barriers Based Baseform Baseform's Baseline Baselines Basic Basics Basis Carried Carry Carrying Cases Catalog Catalog/directory Catalogs Collaborative Collaboratively Collection Collections Color Color-capable Colored Colors Colorsync Combination Combinations Combine Combined Combines Combining Comdex Computation-intensiv Computational Computer Computer-aided Computer-based Computer/telephone Computers Computes Computing Configurations Configure Confirm Conflict Confronting Confuses Conjunction Connect Connected Connecting Connection Connections Connectivity Conscious Consecutive Consequently Conservation Consider Considerable Considerably Considered Considering Configurations@ Consistency@ Containing@ Contains Controls Correct Cross-stream@ Entertainment Entire Entirely Entity Entrance Entries Execute Executed Executing Execution Exercise Exist Existing Exists Expand Expanded Expanding Expands Expect Expected Expects Experience Expert Expertise Expire Explains Explicitly Explore Explosion Exposes Extend Extended ensible Extension Extensions Extensive Fine-tuned Finer However Human Hundreds Hypercard Hypercard's Hyphen Ibm's Icons Ideal Identical Identified Identifier Identifies Identify Identifying Identities Identity Limiting Limits Line-breaking Lines Meaning Metaphor Meter Methaphor Method Methods Metric Metrics Microprocessor Microprocessors Microsoft Microsoft's Mid-point Middle Midrange Midyear Might Migrate Migration Milestone Millimeters Million Millions Mimics Myriad Named Names Naming Narrow Native Natural Natural-interface Naturally Nature Navigate Navigating Nearly Necessarily Necessary Necessitated Needed Needs Neglected@ Network Nonoverridden@ Numbers@ Occurred@ Omitted Opcodes Operations@ Option@ 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Scripting Scripts Scriptx Scroll Scrolling Seamless Seamlessly Search Searching Second Secondary Section Sections Secure Secures Segment Segments Seldom Select Singular Situation Situations Sizes Sketches Skewed Skewing Skill Skills Slanted Slanting Sleep Slides Slightly Small Smaller Smart Stereo Still Stood Stopped Stops Storage Store Stored Stores Storing Straight Straightforward Strategies Strategy Streaks Systems Systemwide Table Tables Tagged Tailor Tailored )Takes Taking Taligent Taliq Tangent Targeted Tasks Team-oriented Teams Teamwork Technical Technique Technologies Technology Tedious Tends Terminology Terms Taken Takes Taking Taligent Taligent's Taliq Tandem Tangent Targeted Tasks *cp/ip Team-oriented Teams Teamwork Tech-nologies Techlaration Technical Technique Techniques Techniques/informati Technologies Technology Technology-based Tedious Telecommunications Telephone Telephone/computer Telephony Television Template Templates Tends Terminology Terms Tested@ Text-editing@ They're Third-party@ Threat@ Time@ Together Transform Transparently Types@ Union Unix@ Validate@ Variety@ Viewing@ Vocabulary@ Volume@ Wealth Wider@ Windows@ Working Applescript@ Article Strategy System They're They've Thick Thickness Thing Things Think Third Validate Validation Valuable Value Value-added Values Variable Variables Variant Variation Variations Varies Viable Video Videodisk Viewdevice Viewdevice's Viewdevices Viewed Viewers Viewgroup Viewgroup's Viewgroups Volume Volumes Vowel Wanted Wanting Weave Well-understood What's Whenever Where Whether Which While White Whole Wide-ranging Watch Watermarks Watershed Wealth Well-understood What's Whatever Whenever Where Whether Which While White Whole Wide-ranging Widely Again Against Agent Agents Approach Approaches Appropriate Approval Approve Arabic Arbitrarily Arbitrary Architectural Architecture Architectures Archive Areas Arena Arise Around Arranged Arrangement Arrangements Array Arthur Article Caret Carets Carried Create Created Creates Creating Creation Creative Creator Criteria Critical Cross Cross-platform Doesn't Doing Features Feedback Feeder Feeds Feeling Fewer Field Fields Figure Figures File's File-system Files Filled Fills Final Finally Finance Financial Finder Finder/applescript Marketing Marketplace Markets Marks Massive Master Match Matched Matching Material Mathematics Matrix Matter Mature Maximum Quick Quickdraw Quickly Quickmail Quicktime Quicktips Quotation Ragged Ragged-right Raise Raised Raises Range Ranges Rapidly Raster Rather Ratio Re-place Reach Reached Readable Readily Readiness Reading Readout Reads Ready Shows Shrink Shrinking Shutdown Shutting Sidebar Sides Signature Signatures Significant Significantly Similar Time-consuming Times Titled Today Today's Together )erance Tomorrow's Toolbox Tools Top-left Total Toward Track Tracking Trademark Trademarks Traditional Traditionally Trailing Training Tran-sistors Transfer Transform Together Token Tolerance Tomorrow's Toolbox Tools 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Recognizing the universal need for collaborative technology, Apple created a system-software level foundation for collaborative applications and services the Apple Open ColG laboration Environment (AOCE). PowerTalk, the first product based on AOCE, is now built into System 7.5. PowerTalk provides a set of collaborative services that allows you to send electronic mail, share files, PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief years, Apple has pioneered collaborative technologies such as built-in network support, plug-and-play networking setup, and support for all major networking protocols, making Macintosh systems the most-networkeE d brand of personal computer. Apple has also been the first to build in support for collaborative computing at the system software level. Starting with System 7.5, collaborative technology becomes part of the PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief review of AOCE technology; AOCE is fairly mature technology that has been discussed before, and you are invited to review existing documentation for a more thorough understanding of the product s capabilities C and positioning. When you finish reading this document, you should be able to: Describe the main features of PowerTalk and PowerShare. List key customer benefits. PowerTalk Overview Over the past 10 PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief PowerTalk/PowerShare Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Introduction This document presents a high-level description of the Scriptable Finder, which is part of System 7.5. This document is not intended to be an in-depth look at the fB iner details of the Finder Event Suite. If you are interested in such programmatic detail, please refer to the document Finder Suite 1.1/Draft. When you finish reading this document, you should be able to: Scriptable Finder Tech Brief e scripted to automatically retrieve information from a customer database and an accounts payable module to generate a dunning letter. As of early 1994, 80 software developers have announced support for AppleH Script, including Microsoft, Claris, Aldus, ACIUS, Deneba, Great Plains, Symantec, WordPerfect, Alladin Systems, CE Software, and UserLand. By providing scriptability, their applications can be linked to each Scriptable Finder Tech Brief System-software Systems Disks Document files Files Folders Font files Gestalt information Info windows Keyboard layouts Processes Script resources Sound files Suitcases The Trash Key Customer Z Benefits Using the Scriptable Finder, you will be able to: Automate system tasks with AppleScript. Create scripts by recording your actions. Execute scripts automatically when the system is restarted Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Powertalk/powershare Presents Product's ng the Trash Putting away icons Restarting a computer Shutting down a computer Putting a Macintosh Portable or PowerBook computer into sleep mode Objects The following objects are supported by theX Scriptable Finder: Finder aliases The Finder application Application files Containers such as folders and disks Windows for Finder containers Control panels Desk accessories The deskto Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Making Mature Most-networkeds ou could create a script that backs up a hard disk onto a server. Taking advantage of the Scriptable Finder, you could also create a script that sets up a File Sharing folder, automatically enabling FileL Sharing, specifying privileges, and creating a folder that can be shared. Using AppleScript to script the Finder along with scriptable applications, you could automate the process of updating a weekly report. Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Product's Profiles Projects Protected ers, and copies files, your Shutdown scripts could archive these folders and delete them from your desktop. Through scripting, the Finder can provide services to third-party applications. Events and ObjeV cts Supported By the Scriptable Finder Events In addition to supporting a variety of constructs from the Core suite, the Finder suite defines Apple events for Cleaning up icons Ejecting disks Emptyi Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Individual Individuals Informationd The script could retrieve and open the report template from a departmental server and then go onto the administrator s hard disk and open the most recent budget spreadsheet, selecting this month s figures and N copying them directly into the report. The script could then enter today s date in the report, open the PowerTalk mailer attached to the report document, identify people on several different mail services t Scriptable Finder Tech Brief ts by turning on recording and using the standard point-and-click interface. The Shutdown Items folder found in the System Folder. Items in this folder are automatically run when the system is restarted orT shutdown. You may place a custom script in this folder and have it run whenever you shut down your Macintosh. For example, if you have scripts in the Startup Items folder that logs onto servers, creates fold Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Features Files Finish First Flown o whom it should be sent, and send it. Once sent, the script can do a Save As and name the report with the current date, saving it in an archive folder on the server. Improvements Over Previous Finder/AppleP Script Capabilities The Finder Event Suite provided with the 7.0 Finder is inadequate for all but the most basic of scripting needs. Providing a Scriptable Finder is the most compelling thing that Apple could Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Disparate Distributed Drag-and-drop Dragging Easily Effective Electronic Electronic-mail Electronically Element Elements Enables Enclosures Enjoy Entire Entry Entry-level Environment Ever-increasing Every Exchange Existing Extend Extends Facilitate Fairly Features Field Files Finish First Describe the main features of the Scriptable Finder. List key customer benefits. Extending AppleScript to Automate Routine or Complex Tasks With System 7.5, Apple builds in the AppleScript scripting techD nology to enable you to automate routine or complex tasks offering the broadest range of scripting options available. AppleScript first became available as part of the operating system in System 7 Pro in Octob Scriptable Finder Tech Brief er, 1993. With System 7.5, AppleScript becomes available to all System 7 users. Using AppleScript Watch Me feature in supported applications, you can automate any series of actions, such as reformatting aF document or recalculating a spreadsheet. With scripting, you can also easily build custom solutions by combining the most useful features of several applications for instance, a word processing program could b Scriptable Finder Tech Brief do to leverage the power of AppleScript and speech-recognition software. Components of the Scriptable Finder The following are components of the Scriptable Finder: Full scriptability and recordability ofR all Finder functions. You will be able to write scripts that can do anything that could be accomplished using the standard point-and-click interface currently supported by the Finder. You create sample scrip Scriptable Finder Tech Brief other, and with the Macintosh Finder, via scripts. Scripting Desktop Functions With System 7.5, the Finder also becomes scriptable, meaning that you can now automate system tasks with your scripts. The SJ criptable Finder provides full Object Support Library support to the Macintosh Finder, allowing the Finder to be scripted and recorded. For instance, using AppleScript and the desktop functions of the Finder, y Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Captured Cards Ensure Ensured Ensures Ensuring Enter Entered Entering Enterprise Enterprise's Entertainment Hard-wired Hardware Hardware-based Hardware-independent Harnessing Hartsook Highlight Highlighted Highlighting Highlights Mail-capable Mailbox Mailer Mailing Mainframe Mainframes Mainstream Maintain Maintaining Major Maker Makers Makes Making Presentation Presented Presents Press Pressed Pressing Pressure Previewed Previous Previously Price Price/performance Prices Primarily Primary Primitives Principle Print Printed Printer Printers Printing Printing-related Printout Prints Priorities Priority Review Revise Revised Revolution Revolutionary Revolutionizes Rewards Rework Securing Security Seeded Segment Segments Seldom Select Specifically Specification Specifications Specified Specifies Specify Specifying Speech Speech-recognition Speed Speeds Spell Spinning Split Splitting Spoken Spool Spooled Spooling Spools Sports Spreadsheet Spreadsheet-specific Spreadsheets Stable Stack Stacks Stage Stamp Stand-alone or shut down. Automate frequently performed or complex system tasks. Create scripts without learning the complexities of AppleScript by simply recording your actions. Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Thread Manager Tech Brief stacks are register-swapped during a context switch. Preemptive Threads Preemptive threads allow true multitasking at the application level. When an application gets control from the Process Manager, preemptL ive threads for that application are allowed to run. Preemptive threads differ from cooperative threads because they can interrupt the currently executing thread at any time to resume execution. Preemptive th Thread Manager Tech Brief ftware Solutions Spreadsheet Suite Thread Manager Tech Brief Introduction The Thread Manager is an addition to the Macintosh Toolbox that enables concurrent programming for true multitasking within an application. The Thread Manager supportsB cooperative and preemptive threads of execution at the application level, not at the system level. The Thread Manager has the same rights and privileges as other services in the Macintosh Toolbox. The Thread Thread Manager Tech Brief reads can be designed to yield back to the just-preempted cooperative thread using a Thread Manager yield call or to wait for its time quantum to expire. If the interrupted cooperative thread is in the stoppN ed state, the next available preemptive thread is made to run. Preemptive threads then preempt each other in a round-robin fashion until the interrupted cooperative thread is made ready. Data Type Data type Thread Manager Tech Brief , QuickDraw, and other resources. Operationally, cooperative threads yield to other cooperative threads only when the application explicitly makes one of the Thread Manager yield calls or changes the state of J the current cooperative thread. Cooperative threading in the Thread Manager works similar to the cooperative threading in the earlier Threads Package. The advantage of using the Thread Manager is that thread Thread Manager Tech Brief cifying Spreadsheet Suite Support is an identifier within the Thread Manager that provides the identity and status of the thread. There are several data types in the Thread Manager. Data types determine the type of thread (cooperative or preeP mptive), the state of a thread (running, ready, or stopped), and a set of options for creating new threads. The Main Thread When an application launches with the Thread Manager installed, the Thread Manager Thread Manager Tech Brief automatically defines the application entry point as the main cooperative thread. The main cooperative thread is commonly referred to as the application thread or main thread. End of the Thread When threads R finish executing, the Thread Manager automatically disposes of them. Preemptive threads are recycled to avoid moving memory. Recycling a thread causes the Thread Manager to clear out the internal data structur Thread Manager Tech Brief he same open files. If one thread opens a file, another thread can read it. If shared data changes, it can be seen by other threads in the process. Cooperative Threads Cooperative threads allow cooperative H multitasking. They are the most effective to use for scheduling and accessing Toolbox traps. Cooperative threads have the same capability as a standard application when working with memory allocation, file I/O Thread Manager Tech Brief Startup Suite Support Supported d a stack to keep track of local variables and return addresses. A multithreaded process is associated with one or more threads. Threads share process instructions and most of its data. Threads that share theF process state have considerable interaction; it is possible for them to affect each other because there is no system-enforced protection between threads. Threads also share the open files; each thread sees t Thread Manager Tech Brief Suite Support Supported Supporting e, reset it, and place the thread in the proper thread pool. (There are two pools: one for cooperative and one for preemptive threads.) Since recycling a thread doesn t move memory, preemptive threads can dispT ose of themselves and other threads safely. Requirements The Thread Manager is part of the Macintosh Toolbox. Thread Manager requires System 7 or later. References For an in-depth understanding of the Thr Thread Manager Tech Brief ead Manager, refer to the following publication: 1. Anderson, Eric and Post, Brad, Concurrent Programming With the Thread Manager, Develop, Issue 17, March 1994, pp. 73 Thread Manager Tech Brief Manager works on all Macintosh platforms running System 7 or later. Thread Manager Overview The Thread Manager has the two types of threads: cooperative and preemptive. Additionally, the Thread Manager proD vides the basic services for creating, scheduling, and deleting threads and for gathering thread status. Thread A thread is a sequence of instructions executed in a program. A thread has a program counter an Thread Manager Tech Brief Anything Anytime Anywhere Apparent Appeal Appear Appearance Appearances Appears Appended Appendix Appetite Apple Apple's Budget Build Building Buildings Builds Built Built-in Bundle Bundled Bundles Burden Burdened Business Businesses Businessperson Cleaning Clear Click Clicking Client Client-side Client/server Clients Clipboard Clipped Clipping Clippings Clockwise Emptying Emulation Emulator Enable Enabled Enables Extending Extends Extensibility Extensible Extension Extensions Extensive Following Follows Font's Fonts Following Format Plains Plaintalk Plans Platform Platforms Playback Player Players Please Tasks Tcp/ip Team-oriented Teams Teamwork Tech-nologies Techlaration Technical Technique Techniques Techniques/informati Technologies Technology Technology-based Tedious Telecommunications Thread Manager Tech Brief About InfoBASE Bytes Cable Calendar Calendars Callback Called Calls Can't Cancel Cannot Capabilities Capability Capable Capacity Capital Capitalize Capitals Captured Disrupting Disruption Disruptions Distance Distances Distinct Distinguish Distorted Distributed Distribution Dithered Dithering Diverge Diverse Divided Divisibility Divisible Do-everything Docu-ments Document Document-centric Documentation Documents Addresses Adhere Adjacent Adjust Adjusting Adjustment Administration Administrative Administrator Administrator's Administrators Adobe Adobe's Adopt Adoption Advance Advanced Advances Advantage Advantages Adventure Advice Affect Affected Affecting Affects Afford Affordable After Again Pop-up Popular Popularity Portability Portable Ported Portfolio Portion Portions Position Positional Positioned Positioning Positions Positive That's Their Theirs Theme Themes Themselves There There's Thereafter Therefore Therefrom These They're ce document (which includes graphics) is located XXXXX. Applescript Scripts Localizable Applescript Applications Applescript Relate Apple Events Applescript wwwwww UUUUUU DDDDDD """""" System Strategy Which Third Parties Embraced Implementing 3333ff 333333 Applications Applescript Strategy InfoBASE E1Click Here To View the Operating System Strategy E1Click Here To Print the Operating System Strategy The Macintosh Operating System Strategy document was created by System Software Marketing. The original document (including graphics) is located on the April 1994 ARPLE CD. CD.ion MainB System Available System Thread Manager PowerTalk/Share Q&A on SSW Strategy Sys. SW Strategy Q&A on Competition Competition Goto OS Strategy OnScreen >0e#Macintosh Operating System Strategy AppleScript Tech Article Drag and Drop Tech Article GX Graphics Tech Article GX Overview Tech Article GX Printing Technologies GX Typography Tech Article Mobility Bundle Tech Article PowerTalk/Share Tech Brief Scriptable Finder Tech Brief Thread Manager Tech Brief racters in a scrolling field in FileMaker Pro, so the only option for viewing is to print. The original System 7 Source Document (which includes graphics) is located the June ARPLE CD. Thread Manager Extension Space Application Rewritten Advantage Thread Manager Applications Revised Advantage Thread Manager Their Applica Finder Need@ Scriptable Finder Q&A on Thread Manager Thread Manager Q&A on AppleScript AppleScript Q&A on PowerTalk/Share PowerTalk/Share Q&A on Drag/Drop Q&A on Script. Finder Q&A on Thread Manager Q&A on AppleScript Q&A on PowerTalk/Share Q&A on SSW Strategy Q&A on Competition Goto OS Strategy OnScreen Goto SSW Compet. WP Goto Applescript TA Onscreen Goto Drag/Drop TA Goto Mob. Bundle TA Goto PowerT/S TA Goto Script. Finder TB Goto GX Graphics TA Goto GX Overview TA Goto GX Print Tech TA Goto GX Typo TA Goto Thread Mgr. TB Goto About InfoBASE Go to previous Example Finder Following Graphics Great Group Included Including Info-base Infobase Information Information--all Intended Larger Macintosh Macwrite Manager Microsoft Mobility Normally On-screen One-stop-shopping Operating Original Other Overview Paper A custom Apple Guide could be created to train employees how to use an application, update a database, or any other commonly executed task.W Q&ABe Q&Adeo editing and playback for Macintosh and Windows. Apple will further broaden use of graphics tech-nologies through three-dimensional graphics and Unicode support for even better localization support. In 1994, Apple will deliver QuickDraw GX, a new graphics architectur Desktop printers are created from the Chooser. Existing applications will automatically print to the selected default printer. To change the default printer under existing applications, the user must switch tB o the Finder. Once in the Finder, the user must click on the desired desktop printer and then select Set Default Printer from the Printing menu. kdraw Alone Already lt-in scripting, allowing an even higher level of user customization. OpenDoc also supports networking, which enables the integration of custom workflow s olutions and provides richer collaboration services such as automatic document histories, which store multiple versions of the document in one file and allow the user to view past changes. The automatic documen Apple Guide Differ Balloon Possible Custom Guides Apple Guide Source Applescript Should Buyers Previous Applescript Software Developme Applescript Include Applescript Finder Scripting Software Update Infobase There is little reason for them to do so unless they require a printed copy of the AppleScript Finder Guide book. The main software components are funtionally the same as before. 2ADWho should buy the new AppleScript Finder Scripting Software Update?E AppleScript This update is primarily for buyers of the AppleScript Scripter s Toolkit (M1730LL/A or M1730Z/A), an Apple retail product which is not available from APDA. This product did not include the Finder Scripting So All existing TrueType and Type 1 fonts will continue to work with QuickDraw GX. Users of Type 1 fonts will have to add a resource to their fonts via an Adobe-supplied utility that will be included with QuickDraw GX.W Ehich software components will run. With OpenDoc, users will take advantage of new system features such as three-dimensional graphics with their existing applications. This type of immediately usable i the InfoBASE. As an Information Database (Info-BASE), it DOES NOT REPLACE these resources; it simply provides a one-stop-shopping convenience (through a single application) for accessing the vast amounts oJ f useful information provided by the original sources. If you have any questions about or suggestions for the InfoBASE, please contact Worldwide Performance Systems. Thanks for using the InfoBASE and.....enjoK using the InfoBASE and.....enjoy! QuickDraw GX may use up to 2 MB of RAM during peak processing periods such as extensive background printing while providing application support in the foreground.W @ing capabilities, and price/performance break-throughs in multimedia and desktop video. With technologies such as 32-bit QuickDraw, WorldScript, and use of Adobe s PostScript in the LaserWriter printer, Apple has provided superior graphics capabilit %HuApple will make QuickDraw G available to developers to ship with their products as well as includ it with System 7.5.t Printer from the Printing menu. Scriptable Finder Applescript Print Architecture Features Quickdraw Quickdraw Quickdraw sh operating system releases and become the vehicle by which many of Apple s newest system-level features will be made available t The SDK now includes a printed, final version of the AppleScript Finder Guide Book. (The Finder Scripting software is the same as before. A near-final, electronic version of the Finder book was on the previouB s CD included with this product.) In addition, the manual and the software for the Frontmost interface builder has been renamed to FaceSpan --there have been no substantial changes, however. 0A<What is in the AppleScript Finder Scripting Software Update?E AppleScript The update includes a 1440K floppy disk which contains software which can be installed to add scripting capabilities to the Finder that comes with System 7.1 or System 7 Pro (note: not System 7.0). A 150-pageB0 AppleScript Finder Guide book is also included. Should buyers of the previous AppleScript Software Development Kit (R0175Z/B) buy the AppleScript Finder Scripting Software Update?E AppleScript dvanced l applications or fonts; and automatic color matching to guarantee consistent color between the screen display and the printed output. In the long-term, developers will build on QuickDraw GX resolution-independD|ent graphics and next-generation typographic functionality to create applications with even more sophisticated capabilities. Paste Point Powerful Saved Services Simply Software System Users Using Whenever Wherever Which e Scriptable Finder Tech Brief The Thread Manager Tech Brief Normally, to access all of these resources, you would need AppleLink, MacWrite II, Microsoft Word, and/or various other applications. Through F the InfoBASE, you can either view the information on-screen or print the information--all through one application. In addition, you can zero in on specific information that you need. For example, rather tha The Scriptable Finder lets you script anything you can do with the Finder via mouse and keyboard. While the true power of AppleScript is available when used with scriptable applications; you can still perform B3many useful functions with Scriptable Finder alone. What is the Thread Manager?E Thread Manager Scriptable Finder?E Scriptable FinderW What is the Thread Manager?E Thread ManagerW YA1What is the benefit of having the Thread Manager? iness and institutional settings, stated a preference for supporting a single OS release. By integrating the technologies previously available in System 7 Pro into System 7.5, Apple makes PowerTalk and AppleScC5ript available to a broader range of Macintosh users. Macintosh Names Number Peirce Pixar Plans Powertalk Quickdraw Recently Software Support Technologies Their Today Xerox System Technologies Technology Cfting a completely new object-oriented operating system, which is due out in the middle of this decade. Guide Incorporating Macintosh Number Offers Platform Powerpc-based Powertalk Productivity Quickdraw Release Releasing Single Supports System Systems Technologies Uniquely Their These Third-party User's Utility Fonts Customers Obtain Quickdraw AppleScript is a textual interface to control Macintosh applications and the Macintosh system. Using AppleScript, users will be able to control applications that support System 7 Apple events. AppleScript allB ows users to type in scripts that are converted to Apple events and sent to applications. The applications respond to the Apple events and pass back any information that the script has requested. Features Applescript ogies that were previously introduced between scheduled system software releases. System 7.5 also makes PowerTalk technology (first introduced with System 7 Pro) part of a mainstream OS release. plescript Hype@ 7.1.2 Shipped System Originally Heard System Supposed part of the Pro version of System 7 since October 1993, OA7Can you install just the printing part of QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GXW Oto the selected default printer. To change the default printer under existing applications, the user must switch tB o the Finder. Once in the Finder, the user must click on the desired desktop printer and then select Set Default Printer from the Printing menu. NA7Can you install just the printing part of QuickDraw GX?E QuickDraw GXW Alone Announcements Apple Applications Approach Architecture Automation Balloon Been@ Between Charged@ Coachmarks Comparison@ Consistent Costs@ Customization@ Decade@ Designed@ Developer Developers Directly@ Editor@ Either Even-numbered@ Expertise@ Following@ Which Third Parties Embraced Implementing you script Finder operations Printed documentation for the AppleScript language, scripting additions, Finder Scripting Software, and FaceSpan Software for helping developers in creating scriptable applicaDOtions and scripting additions (CD only) Electronic documentation (CD only) /AjWhat is in the new AppleScript Software Development Kit (SDK) that was not in the previous one (R0175Z/B)?E AppleScript upport for QuickDraw GX include: Xerox, Pixar, and Peirce Software. As we near launch date, Apple plans to make additional developer names available. e to PowerPC processor-based based UNIX systems. Talig ent and Kaleida Labs Taligent will release its object-oriented operating system, which will also run on the PowerPC processor, and its objects will operate as OpenDoc parts. Apple will bring Taligent into its p The Finder can be scripted with the addition of a system extension that is included with System 7.5. AppleScript is also delivered as a set of system extensions, but do not provide this functionality.es Currently Developers Foundries Graphics Include Incorporate Manufacturers Other Peirce Pixar Planning Printer Producing Quickdraw Software Support Supporting Their Xerox witch Third-party Today Types Using Without An operating system enhancement that allows applications to make use of cooperative and preemptive multitasking within the application context on all Mac platforms.W YA1What is the benefit of having the Thread Manager? and applica-tion support as an option for its UNIX on PowerPC products and for desktop and portable computers that tie directly into enterprise environments. Kaleida s ScriptX, which is also object-o ]AQDoes an application have to be rewritten to take advantage of the Thread Manager?E Thread ManagerH Yes. To take FULL advantagbe of the Thread Manager s concurrent programming including multitasking. Using the Thread Manager with existing applications does not pose a compatibility issue. SW StrategyW `ctive Performance Difference There Between Support There Postscript Fonts Quickdraw B]ftware or the AppleScript Finder Guide book, but the new versions (M1730LL/B or M1730Z/B) do. Benefits Scriptable Finder Scriptable Finder Removing Thread Manager Extension Space Application Rewritten Advantage Thread Manager Applications Revised Advantage Thread Manager Yes. It is an easy to implement feature for developers and we have seen many developers incorporate it into applications in less than a week.tter functionality to applications today. And, by incorporating Drag and Drop into applications, third-party developers will move the application's human interface one step closer to the ease of use of OpenDoc? System ompetitive White Paper The System 7.5 Source Document The AppleScript Tech Article The Drag and Drop Tech Article The QuickDraw GX Graphics Tech Article The QuickDraw GX Overview Tech AD rticle The QuickDraw GX Printing Technologies Tech Article The QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Article The PowerBook Mobility Bundle Tech Article The PowerTalk and PowerShare Tech Brief Th Systems Technologies Thank Thanks These Thread Through Typography Useful Using Various White Worldwide Would effort to ensure compatibility with their existing applications. Since we expect this not to be an issue with this release, we chose the number 7.5 to make users feel the release will be more accessible. Finder Graphics Human Includes Information Instead Interface Later Macintosh Mailing Moved Needed Paste Point Powerful Saved Services Simply Software System Users Using Whenever Wherever Which Audio Tape Transcript, the 3rd-Party Developer Listing, the Fact Sheet, and The Resource Guide. Click on one of the following buttons to access the... ript, Drag and Drop, QuickDraw GX, PowerTalk and PowerShare, the Scriptable Finder, the Thread Manager, Operating System Strategy, and several other related topics. Click on one of the following buttons to begC in... AppleScript Enabling Powerful Scripting Solutions Tech Article Contents Introducing AppleScript Technology AppleScript User Advantages Scripters Commercial Developers End Users Elements of AppleSleS InfoBASE Components Components Components Components mponents Competition Overview Components About InfoBASE What is in the AppleScript Software Development Kit (SDK) that isn t in the AppleScript software that s included with System 7 Pro (...or third-party books and other licensees...)?E AppleScript The QuickDraw GX Typography Tech Article The PowerBook eSegC in... 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Applescript Itself Provide Applescript Together Applescript Poweropen Applescript Taligent Operating System Benefits Using Applescript Features Applescript Applescript Scriptx Newtonscript Future Applescript Applescript Apple Releasing System Compete Microsoft's Strategy Competition Powertalk/share Print Architecture Features Quickdraw Quickdraw Quickdraw Apple Guide Apple Guide Departments Custom Apple Guide Benefits Scriptable Finder Scriptable Finder Removing Thread Manager Extension Space Aren't Capabilities Opendoc Require Developer Adoption Macintosh System Compare Microsoft's Competition Difference Between Apple's Scriptable Finder Scriptable Finder Applescript Strategy Competition Powertalk/share Thread Manager Tech Brief Apple Guide Concerning Quickdraw Difference Between Adobe Quickdraw Handle Adobe Fonts Customers Obtain Quickdraw Desktop Printing Implemented Quickdraw Heard There Power Macintosh Native Version GBoth Inactive Which Companies Supporting Quickdraw Their 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